Читайте также:
|
LANGUAGES
Russian/Ukrainian Excellent Good Fair
English Excellent Good Fair
EXPERIENCE (Give present or last position first)
COMPANY Alpha Ltd. ADDRESS 17 Sadovaya St., Sochi
TYPE OF BUSINESS INDUSTRY EMPLOYED (Month & Year) Information Technologies From March 1998 to September 2007
POSITION(S) HELD SUPERVISOR’S NAME
Manager Alexander Bach
DESCRIBE YOUR DUTIES
Negotiations, purchase of equipment
WHY DID YOU LEAVE
The company has moved to St.Petersbursg
PERSONAL REFERENCES
Vladimir V. Dobrohot, 32 Morskaya St., Apt. 15, Sochi,
Senior manager, Alpha Ltd.
Phone: 8 926 345 4587
|
Resume 1
Olga Godunov
North Fruitridge Road
Terre Haute, Indiana 47811
(519) 772-1248
CAREER OBJECTIVE:
To obtain a position as an executive secretary with a large corporation.
WORK EXPERIENCE:
March 1993 to Present Secretary, the Benlow Corporation.
620 West Second Street, Terre Haute, Indiana.
Responsible for general running of the office of a
small private firm; duties included typing, filing,
billing, answering telephones, scheduling appoint- ments, etc.
October 1991 to March 1993 Receptionist, Dr. Mark Roan, 702 South Fulton Street, Berne, Indiana.
January 1991 File Clerk, Ajax Insurance Company, 277 Westgate to October 1991 Avenue, Berne, Indiana.
EDUCATION:
September 1990-January 1991 Judson Secretarial School, Berne, Indiana. Courses ping, filing, Gregg shorthand, and business ma- chines operation.
June 1990 Central High School, Berne, Indiana. Diploma with honors.
SPECIAL SKILLS:
Typing -70 w.p.m.
Shorthand - 120 w.p.m.
Languages - French
Computers - IBM WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, QYX Level IV
REFERENCES:
Ms. Alba Cruz, Owner The Benlow Corporation 620 West Second Street Terre Haute, Indiana 47814 (519) 793-8686
Ms. Sarah Cohen, Instructor Judson Secretarial School 141 River Road Berne, Indiana 46781
Dr. Mark Roan 702 South Fulton Street Berne, Indiana 46711 (777) 803-9171
Resume 2
Arnold Stevens • 25-92 Queens Boulevard, Bayside, NY 11202 • (212) 884-7788
Career Objective: An entry-level position in the travel industry
Education
The Bowker Business Institute, 600 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10011
Associate degree, June 1997
Major: Travel and Tourism
Courses included: The World of Travel
Reservations and Ticketing
World Geography
Salesmanship
Business Management
Accounting 1
Travel Sales and Services
Travel Industry Organization
Bayside High School, Bayside, New York Diploma, June 1995
Technical courses included: Typing
Bookkeeping
Work Experience:
Sales Assistant M & M Shoe Store, 70-19 Lefferts Boulevard, Bayside, New York 11202 September 1995 to present
Stock Clerk Same as above
September 1994 to September 1995
Skills:
Typing: 50 w.p.m.
Language: Spanish
Computer: SABRE
References:
References will be furnished on request.
Resume 3
Nicolas Balaj
201 New Oak Street
Newark, New Jersey 07555
(201) 885-8855
CAREER OBJECTIVE
Sales Management: a position utilizing experience in sales and supervision
SKILLS
- Over 11 years in sales and sales management
- Documented success developing both leads and long-term business relationships
- Experience developing "team" environment, training and motivating sales staff
WORK EXPERIENCE
Summit & Storch Sales Supervisor
Newark, New Jersey 1991-Present
• Supervise staff of 12 salespeople: hire and train new representatives, set quotas, assign leads, manage budgets, plan presentations
• Increased sales from $350,000 to $1,100,000; directed opening of southern office (Atlanta, Georgia); established relationships with major manufacturers (including Whirlpool, Maytag, and General Electric)
S.G. Walters Sales Representative
Trenton, New Jersey 1986-1991
• Conducted sales of wide product line to major distributors in tri-state region
• Participated in product development and presentation planning
• Increased territory sales by 75%
EDUCATION
Rutgers University B.A.—Marketing
Rutgers, New Jersey 1986
MISCELLANEOUS
• Fluent in Spanish
• Member SRBA since 1987
• Willing to travel or relocate
|
The useful expressions:
- With reference to your advertisement in (newspaper) of Tuesday, January 10, I would like to apply for the position of... in your company.
- I recently heard from... that there is a vacancy in your sales department.
- I am used to working on my own.
- I appreciate the opportunity to work on my own initiative and to take on a certain amount of responsibility.
- During training/or my present job I took courses in marketing.
- Since my present position offers little prospect for advancement, I would prefer to be employed in an expanding organization such as yours.
- I have a profound experience in …/ excellent communication skills.
- I am a fast learner.
- I enjoy working both as a team member ad independently.
- I love working with people.
- I am a good team member.
- I have a bright outlook to life.
- I consider myself a strong communicator and manager.
- Prior to that I was working for MSN where my responsibilities included …
- My previous work experience enables me to believe I can be valuable asset of your business …
- I performed multifaceted duties that included …
- I am extremely excited about the prospect of launching a marketing career …
- I trust that my letter will be looked upon favourably …
- I am looking for greater challenges.
- Please don’t hesitate to contact me if any questions arise.
- I am writing to you in reply to your advertising in The Daily Telegraph of April 2007 concerning the Vice-President position of your company.
- I am responding to your advertisement in the Daily telegraph of April 2003 for a Marketing Manager position.
-With reference to your advertisement in the Guardian of January 5th, I should like to apply for the position of Marketing Manager.
- At present I am employed as a … by the local Tourist office, a position I have held for three years.
Some personal qualities:
accepting of feedback analytical articulate honest
calm under pressure assertive cheerful reliable
conscientious cooperative courteous flexible
creative industrious organized punctual
leadership ability motivated persuasive
resourceful self-directed time management
Some skills used:
administration auditing budgeting coaching
diagnosing/assessing editing facilitating organizing
handling complaints interviewing managing promoting
meeting deadlines planning speaking recording
researching selling supervising teaching/training
(a) Solicited letter
2500 North Fruitridge Road
Terre Haute, Indiana 47811
March 1, 2007
Mr. Ikuo Saito, Vice President
Indiana Gas and Electric Company
1114 Broad Street
Terre Haute, Indiana 47815
Dear Mr. Saito:
Having served for the past several years as the sole secretary of a private business, I would like to apply for the position of executive secretary which you advertised in the Terre Haute Gazette of Sunday, February 28, 2007.
As secretary to the Benlow Corporation here in Terre Haute, I was directly responsible to Ms. Alba Cruz, the company’s owner. My services were generally those of a “gal Friday”. In addition to the usual typing, filing, and taking dictation, I was responsible for scheduling all of Ms. Cruz’s appointments, screening her telephone calls and visitors, and organizing her paperwork and correspondence.
Essentially, I did everything I could to make Ms. Cruz’s heavy responsibilities easier. Thus, I am familiar with the duties of an executive secretary and believe I am prepared to anticipate and meet all your expectations. I am confident, too, that, with enthusiasm and sincere effort, I can make the transition from a small business to a large corporation smoothly.
I would appreciate your giving me the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in person. I would be happy to come for an interview at your convenience, and I can be reached after 5 p.m. at 772-1248.
Sincerely yours,
(b) Unsolicited letter
25-92 Queens Boulevard
Bayside, New York 11202
June 15, 2007
Ms. Loretta Vasquez
The Vasquez Travel Agency
1402 Broadway
New York, New York 10032
Dear Ms. Vasquez:
This month I completed a two-year course of study in Travel and Tourism at the Bowker Business Institute, and my placement counselor, Mr. Robert Feiner, suggested I apply to you for a position as assistant travel agent.
As you will see from my enclosed resume, I have taken courses in nearly every aspect of the travel industry. I have participated in workshops simulating computer and telephone operations, and I have had extensive practice in ticketing and reservations.
My work experience, moreover, has helped me develop an ability to deal with the public, a valuable asset for a travel agency. Not only as a sales assistant, but even as a stock clerk, I have learned to be customer oriented; I have found that courtesy and a smile keep business flowing smoothly.
I would like very much, Ms. Vasquez, to put my skills to work for your travel agency. I am available for an interview Monday through Friday during business hours. You can reach me at 884-7788.
Yours truly,
|
Mark Diamond
4701 Pine Street, Apt. K-13
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Tel. 1-(215)-748-3037 2 April, 2007
Dear Mr. Marinichenko:
I am a first-year student in the M.B.A. program at the Wharton Business School in Philadelphia.
I understand that you are heading the independent Ukrainian airline. I have heard from my friend Mr. Bill Eastmann, a student at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business, that you might wish to have an American M.B.A. student work with your airline this summer as an intern. I am very interested in the possibility of such an internship during the summer of 2007.
My professional experience has given me an in-depth knowledge of the air transportation industry. I have, in particular, worked for American Airlines, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Kurth & Company, Inc., an aviation consulting firm where I was Manager of Airline Analysis. My responsibilities included the study of schedules, fares, equipment selection, and financial results. Notably, I prepared numerous feasibility studies for both jet and turboprop routes, including passenger and pure cargo services, for proposed transatlantic and transpacific services.
I wish to place this experience at the disposal of your airline. I believe strongly that my knowledge of the deregulated air transportation industry in the United States could be quite beneficial to your carrier.
I have enclosed a copy of my resume. If my background and qualifications are of interest to you, please telephone me at (215) 748-3037. I would be interested in meeting with you in mid-April in New York to discuss further the possibility of such a summer position, and your requirements.
Sincerely,
Mark Diamond
|
Ms. Lori Roberts
Director of Personnel
Johnston Corporation
Austin, Texas 78777
Dear Ms Roberts:
Thank you for your time and attention during my interview with you last week. I appreciated the opportunity to discuss my qualifications and aspirations with you. I hope that all questions were answered to your satisfaction, but, of course, I would be happy to supply any further information you may need. I am very interested in the growth potential of the position we discussed, and I hope you will consider me as a serious candidate.
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon
Sincerely,
Jeanne Nguyen
1730 Green St., Apt. 205
Austin, Texas 78776 (512)554-1730
|
Собеседование … умейте слушать
1) 10 главных «не» интервью
1. Не опаздывайте. Вы сразу зарекомендуете себя как безответственный и ненадежный сотрудник. Если случилось что-что непредвиденное, обязательно предупредите интервьюера о задержке.
2. не приходите во фривольной или слишком яркой одежде. Даже если вы претендуете на должность дизайнера или курьера, оденьтесь на собеседование сдержанно и, естественно, опрятно.
3. Не ведите себя развязно. Кому нужны развязные сотрудники?
4. Не перебивайте интервьюера. Внимательно слушайте вопросы и не начинайте отвечать, пока HR менеджер не закончит.
5. Не ругайте бывших работодателей. Соискатели часто начинают негативно отзываться о предыдущих местах работы. Этого нельзя делать ни в коем случае, поскольку потенциальный работодатель сразу позиционирует негатив на себя и невольно предполагает, что при увольнении вы будете плохо говорит и о нем.
6. Не говорите много. Зачастую люди испытывают потребность быть выслушанными и, получив такую возможность, начинают «изливать душу» интервьюеру, что, разумеется, может отрицательно сказаться на общем впечатлении от собеседования.
7. Будьте готовы к неожиданным вопросам. Например, увидев в вашем резюме слово «коммуникабельный», интервьюер может спросить, готовы ли вы пойти на улицу торговать гербайлайфом. Часто на собеседованиях задают вопрос об увлечениях, будьте готовы рассказать о том, что вам интересно.
8. Не отказывайтесь выполнять предложенные работодателем задания. Чтобы узнать уровень компетенции и проверить уверенность в себе соискателя, HR менеджеры часто программистов могут попросить решить задачу, торговому менеджеру – предложить аргументы, как уговорить «сложного» клиента купить продукт или услугу.
9. Не приходите неподготовленным. На собеседованиях часто задают вопросы на понимание целей и задач компании, потенциальных кризисов и возможностей выхода их них.
10. Не теряйте самообладания. Иногда HR менеджеры проводят так называемые «стрессовые интервью» и задают много неприятных вопросов, чтобы проверить психологическую устойчивость кандидата. Например, у вас могут спросить, почему вы поступили именно в этот университет, а не в другой, более престижный университет, намекая на нехватку у вас денег или мозгов.
2) Эти вопросы на собеседованиях с работодателем будут заданы обязательно, поэтому ответы на них лучше заготовить заранее:
- Почему вы покинули предыдущее место работы?
- Кем вы видите себя через 5 лет?
- Что для вас важнее – интересная работа или высокая заработная плата?
- На какую оплаты труда вы рассчитываете?
- Как на вас действуют конфликты в коллективе? Как вы ведете себя в конфликтных ситуациях?
3) Первым, с кем ей предстояло поговорить, был начальник отдела кадров. Он ознакомился с резюме до встречи с Ириной (получил его по электронной почте), поэтому в лично беседе она лишь кратко рассказала о своем опыте. Далее последовали вопросы о навыках – умеет ли работать с компьютером, какие программы освоила, и т.д. Получив ответы, начальник отдела кадров пояснил: «Дело в том, что у нас имеется еще одна вакансия, и с вашим образованием и опытом работы вы больше подходите для нее.» После разговора Ирину попросили заполнить анкету – в нее нужно было внести данные из резюме, указать уровень желаемой зарплаты.
В завершение собеседования Ирину попросили расставить приоритеты. Что для нее важнее – уровень заработной платы, соцпакет или интересная работа. Ирина поставила на первое место интерес, потом соцпекет, и только на третье место – зарплату.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1.
Are you, in fact, the sort of person who likes parties? Do this questionnaire and choose the answer closest to your own view.
1. What sort of people are you attracted by?
A Witty conversationalists
B Anyone
C Tall, brow-eyed beauties
D People with a past
2. It’s your hostess’s birthday so you decide to bring her a present. Is it …
A a bottle of expensive champagne?
B a plant you were given, but are not very fond of?
C a very large and expensive box of chocolates?
D an expensive kind of perfume you know she’s mad about?
3. When will you leave the party?
A 10 o’clock sharp!
B just after everybody else has gone.
C as soon as the beautiful dark-haired person you were hoping to meet has left.
D When you see the sun coming up.
4. At last you’ve met the person you were hoping would be at the party. How do you start your conversation?
A Where’ve you been all my life?
B Excuse me, do you know where the loo is please?
C Do you like parties?
D I collect stamps, what is your hobby?
5. A rather attractive person asks you what you’re interested in. You say:
A Learning foreign languages.
B Playing bridge.
C Windsurfing.
D Body language.
6. Somebody you really are not very keen on comes to talk to you. Do you …
A say you must go to the loo?
B Try to introduce them to someone else?
C Look over their shoulder and hope they will go away?
D Spill a little of your drink on them?
7. You are asked what kind of music you would like to hear.
A Something loud and fast.
B Something quiet and slow.
C Folk songs so that everyone can sing.
D Some Chopin so that you can hear each other speak.
8. While you are dancing to the very fast music, your partner’s jeans start to split down the back. What do you do?
A Say something immediately and help you partner out of the room.
B Wink to the others, but don’t tell her/him.
C Start laughing out loud and point so that everyone looks.
D Ignore it completely and wait for someone else to start laughing at them.
The scores to the quiz on “the party” 1. a-4, b-1, c-0, d-1; 2. a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3; 3. a-0, b-3, c-1, d-4; 4. a-4, b-0, c-2, d-1; 5. a-0, b-1, c-4, d-3; 6. a-2, b-4, c-0, d-3; 7. a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2; 8. a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3. Results:0-10+ You really are a social outcast, aren’t you. Ask the others what you should do?11-19+ You are not exactly the life and soul of the party, aren’t you. Why not start thinking more about other people?20-27+ You are quite normal. Nobody would call you a crashing bore but then nobody thinks you’re a real sparkler either. Live a little, take a few more risks.28-32+ You are really the life and soul of every party. You must be in great demand, popular and likeable. Tell the others how you do it!
Appendix 2.
AS FIT AS A FIDDLE and the others:
As strong as an ox – very strong
As strong as nails – very unfeeling; able to bear hardships
As busy as a bee – very busy
As sure as fate – certainly
As hungry as a hunter – very hungry
As thick as thieves – very friendly: They didn’t like each other at first, but they’re thick as thieves now.
As old as the sea / as old as the hills – very old: My husband’s great-aunt is as old as the hills, but she ‘s very fit.
As slow as a snail – very slow: It’s no use to hurry him up, he’s as slow as a snail.
As frank as the day – quiteclear: There’s nothing to worry about, because everything is as frank as the day.
As brown as a berry – well tanned
As red as a lobster – very red (about skin): I’d like to get as brown as a berry, not as red as a lobster.
As blind as a bat – completely blind: Without his spectacles, he’s as blind as a bat.
As clear as a bell – very easy to hear: His voice was as clear as a bell, although he was phoning from South America.
As sound as a bell – undamaged and in very good condition – Although the boat was old, it was as sound as a bell.
As black as pitch – very dark: It was pouring with rain, and the night was as black as pitch.
As dry as a bone – completely dry: “Is the ground wet?” – “No, it’s dry as a bone.”
As tough as old boots - very tough or strong, esp. in health: He can walk in light clothes in winter, ‘cause he’s as tough as old boots.
As bold as brass – very bold, usu. impertinent – She walked in late as bold as brass.
As calm as a millpond – very calm – The sea was as clam as millpond.
As cold as charity – very cold – I was as cold as charity in the cinema.
As clean as a whistle – very clean or clearly: Everything in her kitchen was as clean as whistle.
As clear as crystal – very clear, easy to understand: The water was as clear as crystal. The instructions were as clear as crystal.
As clear as mud – not at all clear: He’s explained to me twice how to do it; but it’s still as clear as mud.
As regular as clockwork – perfectly regular(ly): He comes round for tea at half past 3 every afternoon, as regular as clockwork.
As lively as a cricket – very lively: My great-aunt is ninety-two, but she’s still as lively as cricket.
As fresh as a daisy – very bright, active: After a night without sleep we were exhausted, except Ann who was as fresh as a daisy.
as fresh as a cucumber – feeling well
as happy as the day is long – very happy, in how one is spending one’s time – In summer children spend their whole time in the orchards, as happy as the day is long.
as happy as a lark – very happy – The little girl spent the afternoon digging on the beach as happy as a lark.
as happy as a sand-boy – very happy and cheerful – My husband is as happy as a sand-boy when he’s working on his car.
as dead as a/the dodo – completely dead or no longer fashionable, useful, popular – That kind of hairstyle is as dead as a dodo.
as dull as ditchwater – very boring or uninteresting – The lecture was as dull as ditchwater.
as pure as the driven snow – completely pure – I don’t care whether she’s evil or as pure as the driven snow.
as drunk as a lord – very drunk – He went out to a reunion last night and came home as drunk as a lord.
as easy as falling off a log – very easy – The machine is so well-designed that learning how to use it is as easy as falling off a log!
as fit as a fiddle – extremely healthy – He is eighty-eight, but he is as fit as a fiddle.
as good as gold – (usu. of children) – very well-behaved – Their little girl is as good as gold when they take her out visiting.
as mad as a hatter – utterly crazy, completely insane – He is very clever but as mad as a hatter.
as safe as houses – completely safe – I know the children are as safe as houses when Gillian is looking after them.
as keen as mustard – very eager or enthusiastic – My young son only took up skiing last year, but he’s as keen as mustard and skies every weekend now.
as weak as a kitten – very weak – She was as weak as a kitten after her illness.
as large as life – in person, actually – I went to the party and there was John, as large as life.
as quick as lightening – very quickly – The dog grabbed the meat and was out of the shop as quick as lightening.
as stubborn as a mule – very stubborn: You will not persuade her to change her mind – she is as stubborn as a mule.
as near as dammit (inf.) – very nearly: Our jumble sale raised $500 as near as dammit.
as (a)like as two peas – exactly alike: The twins were as like as two peas.
as proud as a peacock – very proud – The child was as proud as a peacock as she showed me her knitting.
as plain as a pikestaff – very clear or obvious – It’s as plain as a pikestaff that he was embarrassed.
as pleased as Punch – very happy or pleased – He was as pleased as Punch when we all said how good his cooking was.
as stiff as a poker – very stiff – On frosty days the clothes-line is as stiff as a poker.
as deaf as a post – very deaf: My uncle won’t hear us – he’s as deaf as a post.
as right as rain – perfectly all right, completely well – Your daughter has a slight cold. Keep her in bed and she’ll be as right as rain in a couple of days.
as thin as a rake – very thin – Since his illness he has been as thin as a rake.
as sharp/keen as a razor – 1) very sharp – The edge of the leaf was as keen as a razor and cut my hand.
2) very quick-witted and intelligent – She is ninety-nine years old, but her mind is still ass sharp as a razor.
as steady as a rock – very steady and unmoving – Although he had had quite a lot of drink, his hand was as steady as a rock.
as white as a sheet – very pale – He was as white as a sheet after the accident.
as ugly as sin – very ugly – She’s very beautiful, but I won’t still love her If she was as ugly as sin!
as warm as toast – very warm: My new coat keeps me as warm as toast.
(to be) as good as one’s good – держать свое слово
like a fish out of water - in an awkwardsituation
Appendix 3.
English Stereotypes About Other Nations
| The English, by Jeremy Paxman, is an attempt to pinpoint exactly what it means to be English, as opposed to British. The text is taken from a chapter in the book which deals with English attitudes to foreigners. |
It’s hard to escape the conclusion that, deep down, the English don’t really care for foreigners. […] in 1497, a Venetian noticed that ‘the English are great lovers of themselves, and of everything belonging to them; they think that there are no other men than themselves and no other world but England; and whenever they see a handsome foreigner they say “he looks like an Englishman” and that “it is a great pity that he should not be an Englishman”’.
In describing a visit to England by Frederick, Duke of Württemberg in 1592, a German author commented upon the fact that ‘the inhabitants … are extremely proud and overbearing … they care little for foreigners, but scoff and laugh at them.’ Another visitor, the Dutch merchant Emmanuel van Meteren noticed the same arrogance when he listed the qualities of the English character. “The people are bold, courageous, ardent and cruel in war, but very inconstant, rash, vainglorious, light and deceiving, and very suspicious, especially of foreigners, whom they despise.” […]
The picture had hardly changed by the middle of this century. In 1940, George Orwell, who had noticed how little ordinary soldiers were affected by their exposure to foreign cultures in World War one, turned his attention to the boys’ magazines the Gem and the Magnet. He hated almost everything about them, from their conservative politics to their absurdly dated mise-en-scène.
As a rule [he wrote] it is assumed that foreigners of any race are all alike and will conform more or less exactly to the following patterns:
FRENCHMAN: Wears beard, gesticulates wildly.
SPANIARD, MEXICAN, etc.: Sinister, treacherous.
ARAB, AFGHAN, etc.: Sinister, treacherous.
CHINESE: Sinister, treacherous. Wears pigtail.
ITALIAN: excitable. Grinds barrel-organ or carries stiletto.
SWEDE, DANE, etc.: Kind-hearted, stupid.
NEGRO: comic, very faithful.
Note that Americans do not appear on this list of hilarious stereotypes. But then, speaking English, they weren’t really foreigners. It would have been impossible for ‘Frank Richards’, the author of these hugely successful stories, to have got away with the simple-minded caricatures Orwell despised, had the English not had a profound ignorance of foreigners.
As he had been turning them out for thirty years, Orwell assumed the name to be a nom de plum for a team of writers. He underestimated the man: Richards once wrote 18,000 words in a single day, and his lifetime output was estimated at the equivalent of a thousand ordinary novels. To his astonishment, after the article appeared, Frank Richards […] demanded the right of reply. On the question of stereotypes he wrote, “As for foreigners being funny, I must shock Mr. Orwell by telling him that foreigners are funny. They lack the sense of humour which is the special gift to our chosen nation: and people without a sense of homour are always unconsciously funny.”
Appendix 4.
Russia
Russia was once the largest and the most prominent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, or Soviet Union). In 1991 the USSR broke apart and Russia became an independent country.
The USSR had a totalitarian political system in which Communist Party leaders held political and economic power. The state owned all companies and land, and the government controlled production of goods and other aspects of the economy, a system known as a command, or planned, economy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia began transforming itself into a more democratic society with an economy based on market mechanisms and principles. Russia has made many successful changes: There have been free elections at all levels of government; private ownership of property has been legalized; and large segments of the economy are now privately owned.
The transformation is far from complete, however. In the economic sphere, privatized assets have not been allocated fairly among the population and privatization of land is still in its infancy. Russia must also deal with the large-scale environmental destruction and other problems inherited from the Soviet Union. In the political arena, a stable society based on citizen involvement in local, regional, and national affairs has yet to develop.
The transformation has affected the people of Russia in a variety of ways. Under the Soviet system, Russians became accustomed to having the government define many aspects of their lives. For many, the collapse of the USSR and the Communist ideal created an ideological void, and Russians increasingly turned to traditional and nontraditional faiths to fill that void. The post-Soviet era has also seen an overall decline in Russia’s population, despite the influx of immigrants from other parts of the former Soviet Union. Russia has the lowest life expectancy and the highest infant mortality rate of the industrialized countries. The social welfare system, already constrained by inadequate funding, was greatly challenged to combat these growing problems.
Appendix 5.
Halloween
Halloween means “holy evening”, and takes place on the 31st October. Although it is a much more important festival in the United States than in Britain. It is celebrated by many people in the UK. It is particularly connected with witches and ghosts.
It is an evening immediately preceding the Christian feast of Hallowmas or All Saint’s Day, November 1, according to the western European Christian church calendar. However, its traditions date back to pre-Christian Celtic beliefs once prevalent in what is now known as Scotland, Ireland and Wales.
Halloween is associated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, which marked the end of the year and the beginning of winter. It was believed that on the evening of Samhain supernatural creatures were on the prowl and the souls of the dead were allowed to revisit their former homes. Costumes and jack-o-lantern were thought to protect people from any harm they might cause. A jack-o-lantern is a face carved into one side of a hallowed out pumpkin in which a lighted candle has been placed. This gives it an inviting yellow and orange glow on a dark autumn night. That is why the Halloween colours are orange and black.
Customs associated with Halloween in the USA and the UK include children wearing masks and costumes, and “trick or treating” – going from house to house collecting sweets, fruit or money. In the evening you may hear a knock on your door. Outside there are children dressed as ghosts and witches, holding a bag. They shout, “Trick or treat!” Give them a piece of candy or they may put soap on your window.
More and more adults are also celebrating Halloween with masquerade parties in which they dress up like political and historical figures, or just plain old scary fellows from recent horror films like ghosts, vampires, goblins, Frankenstein, etc.
Another popular activity at Halloween parties is bobbing for apples. One person at a time must get an apple out of a tub of water without using his hands and only by sinking his face into the water and biting the apple. The party may start or end with a Halloween costume parade, wherein those with the best or scariest costumes receive prizes. Telling scary stories or “ghost” stories while huddled together by candlelight is one of the highlights of Halloween night. Any story will do, but it must be spoken in a low, tense voice and reach a startling climax, as does the story “What do you come for?” told in Britain and in certain US eastern coastal states.
Here are some Halloween poems and songs.
TREAT
by Jack Prelutsky
Trick or treat, trick or treat,
Give us something good to eat.
Give us candy, give us cake,
Give us something sweet to take.
Give us cookies, fruit and gum,
Hurry up and give us some.
You had better do it quick
Or we’ll surely play a trick.
Trick or treat, trick or treat,
Give us something good to eat.
BOBBING FOR AN APPLES
by Jack Prelutsky
Watch us bobbing for an apple,
For an apple apple apple,
But no apple apple apple,
Not an apple can I get.
Oh I cannot catch an apple,
Not one apple apple apple,
Though my sister got an apple,
All I got was soaking wet.
JACK-O-LANTERN
Sometimes big and sometimes small,
But always round and yellow.
When children make my famous grin
Then I’m a scary fellow.
WITCHES’ BREW
Traditional
Dead leaves, seaweed, rotten eggs, too;
Stir them in my witches’ brew.
I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Spider web, mouldy bread, mucky mud, too;
Stir them in my witches’ brew.
I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Ooh, my witches’ brew.
Ooh, what’s it gonna do to you? Boo!
Floorwax, thumbtacks, purple paint, too;
Stir them in my witches’ brew.
I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Fingernails, lunch pails, apple cores, too;
Stir them in my witches’ brew.
I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Ooh, my witches’ brew.
Ooh, what’s it gonna do to you? Boo!
Wrinkled prunes, mushrooms, motor oil, too;
Stir them in my witches’ brew.
I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Yeah, yeah, I got magic, ala-ka-zama-ka-zoo.
Appendix 6.
“What Do You Come For?” (a horror story)
There was old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, “Oh, I wish I had some company.” No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet form which the flesh had rotted. The old woman’s eyes bilged with terror.
Then two legs dropped to the hearth and attached themselves to the feet.
Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man’s head. As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes.
“What do you come for?” she asked in a small voice that shivered and shook.
“What do I come for?” he said. “ I come for YOU!!! ” (The narrator shouts and jumps at the nearest person.)
Appendix 7.
Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 198 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| Accurate job inquiry references solicited | | | Christmas Carols |