VII. Recommendation

I. Summary.

It The is usually written in the following way: you read the case carefully the second time around (a few minutes after familiarizing yourself with it by scanning it through for the first time), maybe even refer to the dictionary for the clarification of new words.

Then you put the Case aside and write down the most essential facts that you remember – in your own words. You do not copy the relevant sentences from the case – it is what struck you as being very important that should be reflected in the Summary.

The Summary should comprise about 30% of the original contents of the case – the most vital points only (5 to 10 sentences). It is preferable (where the logic and the text permit it) to write the Summary in the Simple Present-Simple Past Tense.

II. The Problem.

The problem is “the nail”, on which the picture called the Format hangs.

It is arguably the most crucial item of any format.

The Problem is always a full sentence (the subject/noun + the predicate/verb) and a statement (not a question or a negation).

The most vital part of the Problem is the predicate – the verb – as it carries the bulk of the information contained in the Problem. That is why it is not at all advisable (prohibited even) to use modal verbs or the verb “to be” for that purpose.

The problem must contain no more than 7 to 9 language units (words) as its aim to compress a maximum of information into a minimum of streamlined form. Please avoid general and vague wordings.

III. The Cast of Characters.

This item lists: a) People and b) Institutions – but not everyone and everything that is mentioned in the Case – only those that you personally consider relevant to the Problem.

IV. The Chronology.

The Chronology of a format is given in reversed time sequence – that means entry №1 states the most recent event and for example entry №4 – the most distant. Its purpose is to give an overview of cause and effective sequence.

V. The Issues.

The Issues item contains facts that stand in the way of solving the Problem; it presents conflicting viewpoints of the Problem and the situation described in the Case. Any given Format must contain at least 3 issues (you can have more Issues, but less than 3 is considered an infringement of the Format). They can be written in the form of a table or as 3 sentences of a definite type. (It is strongly advised to write Issues as full sentences).

VI. The Options.

The Options are ways of solving the Problem – suggested and formulated by you. Any given Format should contain at least 3 options (again, less than 3 is considered an infringement of the Format). They are basically means that Option №1 is supported to be the best for the company which is dealt with in the Case.

Every Option (usually given in the form of f full sentence) should be accompanied by a list of its advantages and disadvantages (Pros and Cons? Pluses and Minuses).

Option №1 will, of course, have a bigger number of advantages, and option №3 – of disadvantages.

VII. Recommendation

The Recommendation is written in the 1^st Person Singular form (i.e., in my opinion / I consider / I suppose / It seems to me), as it is the item of the Format where you recommend one of the opinions as the course of action to be followed and supply the reasoning for your choice.

Although option №1 is the best one, it is not always the most practical or the most realistic. That is why in the Recommendation item you give the explanation for you[r] choice of the opinion.

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