The System of Government of the Russian Federation

PART 3. STATE AND POLITICAL SYSREMS

UNIT 1. The State System of Russia ____________________4

UNIT 2. UK System of State and Government ___________10

UNIT 3. USA System of State and Government___________13

Glossary ___________________________________________18

UNIT 4. Business Letters. _____________________________24

PART 4. MODERN LEGAL SYSTEMS

Unit 1. National Legal Systems_________________________36

3. Unit 2. Legal Systems of the World: Civil Law and Common

Law Systems ______________________________________________39

4. Unit 3. Legal Systems of the World: Religious and Customary

Law Systems ______________________________________________43

5. Unit 4. Legal Systems of the World: Mixed and Other Legal Systems.__________________________________________________46

6. Unit 5. Legal Systems of the World: Legal Systems of Russia, the UK, the USA. How to organize the Round Table Discussion. __________50

Unit 6. International Law as a Supranational Legal System__56

Comparative Law.

Making and taking notes.

How to make presentation.

Unit 7. Презентация самостоятельных проектных работ__63

9. Активный словарь по теме «Современные правовые системы» _63

10. Использованная литература__________________________64

PART3

STATE AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS

UNIT 1. STATE SYSTEM OF RUSSIA

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1) What do we study state system for?

2) Are state systems the same in different countries?

3) Can a state system of a particular country undergo changes?

4) What types of various state systems can you recollect?

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст (со словарем):

Text I.

The System of Government of the Russian Federation

The Russian Federation was established by the Constitution of 1993. Under the Constitution Russia is a democratic federative law-governed state with a republican form of government. The Russian Federation consists of 89 constituent entities (republics, regions, and territories, cities of federal significance, the autonomous regions and autonomous area, which have equal rights). The authorities of the constituent entities have the right to pass laws independently of the federal government. The laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation may not contradict federal laws.In case of conflicts between federal and local authorities, the President uses consensual procedures to resolve the problem. In the event a consensus is not reached, the dispute is transferred to the appropriate court for its resolution.

The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. He is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The President organizes and chairs the Security Council of Russia, signs treaties, enforces the law. The President appoints ministers, who are subject to the approval of the Federal Assembly. He nominates judges to the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court and Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation, and the Prosecutor-General of the Russian Federation. The President has the right to introduce the state of emergency within the Russian Federation. He announces elections ahead of time. He has the right to suspend the actions of acts of executive bodies of the Russian Federation members, if they contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws or the international obligations of the Russian Federation/

State power in the Russian Federation is exercised on the basis of its separation into legislative, executive and judicial branches. Each of them is balanced by the President.

The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly (the Parliament). It consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation (the upper chamber) and the State Duma (the lower chamber). The two chambers of the Federal Assembly posses different powers and responsibilities with the State Duma the more powerful. The Federation Council includes two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation, one from the representative and one from the executive bodies of the subject of the Federation.

The State Duma consists of 450 deputies and is elected for a term of 4 years. In December 2008 the term was extended to 5 years. Each chamber elects a chairman (the Speaker) to control the internal procedures of the chamber. The Federal Assembly is a permanently functioning body. The Federation Council and the State Duma sit separately. Their sessions are open (public). Each of the Houses forms committees and commissions and holds hearings on the appropriate issues. Bills may be initiated by the two chambers. But to become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.

The Executive power is exercised by the Government which consists of the Chairman of the Government (the Prime Minister), deputy chairmen and the federal ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma. Should the selected candidate be rejected three times, the President appoints the Prime Minister himself, dissolves the State Duma and announces new elections. The Prime Minister proposes to the President his candidates to the offices of the Deputy Chairmen of the Russian Federation and federal ministers. The Government presents a draft budget to be discussed by the State Duma and it provides its implementation and realization of financial, credit and monetary policies. It carries out measures to ensure the legality, rights and freedoms of the citizens, to protect property, public order and combat crimes. It ensures state security and the realization of foreign policy. The Government ensures the implementation of a uniform state policy in the sphere of culture, science, education, social security, health and ecology.

Justice in the Russian Federation is treated as a special type of independent state activity. Accordingly, it is administeredby courts of law unified within a single judicial system which functions separately from other state systems. The aim of justice in Russia is to safeguard both the citizens’ rights and interests as well as those of the state and of individual institutions, enterprises and organizations. Judicial power is effected by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal judicial proceedings. Judges are independent and subject only to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law.

3. Найдите в тексте русские эквиваленты.

1. to establish

2. a law-governed state

3. a constituent entity

4. consensual procedures

5. a branch of power

6. to exercise power

7. to vest power in smb

8. to introduce a state of emergency

9. a draft budget

10. to dissolve

11. public order

12. to administer justice

13. to ensure the legality

14. powers and responsibilities

15. uniform state poilicy

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты:

1. республиканская форма правления;

2. противоречить федеральным законам;

3. подписывать договоры;

4. постояннодействующий орган;

5. представительный орган;

6. кандидат на должность;

7. быть избранным на срок;

8. объявить новые выборы;

9. проводить слушания;

10. независимая государственная деятельность;

11. судебная власть;

12. государственная безопасность;

13. исполнительная ветвь власти;

14. внешняя политика;

15. уголовное судопроизводство.

5. А) Образуйте соответствующие однокоренные слова и запишите их в таблицу.

	Verb	Abstract noun	Person	Adjective
1.	govern
2.		authority
3.			representative
4.		power
5.	elect
6.			chairman
7.				legislative
8.		execution
9.	nominate
10.				federal

В) Вспомните, в каких предложениях данные слова употреблялись в тексте 1.

6. Соотнесите русские словосочетания с их английскими эквивалентами.

1. Совет Безопасности	a. The Accounting Chamber
2. Федеральное Собрание	b. the Supreme Court
3. Генеральный прокурор	c. the Federation Council
4. Помощник Председателя	d. Constituent entity
5. Совет Федерации	e. the Security Council
6. Совет Министров	f. the Prosecutor-General
7. Счетная Палата	g. the Deputy Chairman
8. Верховный суд	h. the Council of Ministers
9. Субъект Федерации	i. the Federal assembly

7. Работа в парах. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста 1. Обсудите ваш ответ с партнером.

1) Russia is …

a) a parliamentary republic

b) a presidential republic

c) a constitutional monarchy

2) The Parliament consists of…

a) one branch only

b) two chambers

c) several committees

3) The Federation Council and the State Duma sit ….

a) separately

b) together

c) with other governmental subcommittees

4) Military Forces cannot be used outside the country without the approval of ……..

a) the State Duma

b) the Federation Council

c) the President

5) The power to impeach the President is invested in …

a) the Federation Council

b) the Constitutional Court

c) the State Duma

6) Appointment of the supreme body of the judicial branch is within the competence of …………..

a) the Chairman of the Government

b) the Federation Council

c) the Treasury

7) Charges against the President can be issued by ………

a) the Government

b) the Deputy Chairman

c) the State Duma

8) The Chairman candidate is appointed by ………

a) the Deputy Chairman

b) the Federation Council

c) the President

9) The state of emergency is introduced by …

a) the Federation Council

b) the Prime minister

c) the President

10) The Security Council of Russia is chaired by …

a) the Prime Minister

b) the Prosecutor-General

c) the President

11) Ministers are subject to the approval of …

a) local authorities

b) constituent entities

c) the Federal Assembly

8. Прочитайте текст 1 еще раз и определите, справедливы ли данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения. Используйте следующие модели:

I think

a) it is wrong it is false it is not right it is not false it is true b) on the contrary c) it contradicts reality

1. The Russian Federation was established by the Constitution of 1995.
2. The Government consists only of the federal ministers.
3. The authorities of the constituent entities don`t have the right to pass laws independently of the Federal Government.
4. Should the selected candidate be rejected three times, the President appoints the Prime Minister himself.
5. A draft budget is to be discussed by the State Duma.
6. To become a law a bill must be signed by the President.
7. Judges are subject only to the President.
8. The Prime Minister chairs the Security Council of Russia.
9. In case of conflicts between federal and local authorities, the President uses consensual procedures to resolve the problem.

9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1) What type of state is Russia?

2) Who is the head of the Russian Federation?

3) What are the three independent branches of state power in Russia?

4) What kind of a working body is the Federal Assembly?

5) Which chamber is more powerful?

6) Why are legislative and executive functions performed by different institutions?

7) Are these two establishments (the Government and the State Duma) equally important? Why?

8) Who does the Government consist of?

9) What is the aim of justice in Russia?

10) How does the judicial system function?

11) What are the functions of: a) the President; b) the Federal Assembly; c) the Government?

10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Президент РФ является главой государства.
2. В соответствии с Конституцией Россия – это демократическое федеративное правовое государство с республиканской формой правления.
3. РФ состоит из 83 субъектов.
4. Исполнительная власть осуществляется Правительством, которое состоит из Председателя Правительства (Премьер-министра), заместителей Председателя и федеральных министров.
5. Премьер-Министр назначается Президентом с согласия Государственной Думы.
6. Судебная система функционирует независимо от других ветвей власти.
7. В современном правоведении выделяют 2 формы правления – монархия и республика, и 3 формы государственного устройства – федерация, конфедерация и унитарные государство.
8. Президент избирается на должность гражданами РФ на основе прямого и равного избирательного права тайным голосованием.
9. Правительство обеспечивает государственную безопасность.
10. Правительство проводит единую государственную политику в области культуры, науки и образования.
11. Судьи независимы и подчиняются только Конституции Российской Федерации и федеральным законам.

11. Используя текст 1 и данную схему, расскажите о государственном устройстве в Российской Федерации.

12. А) Прочитайте текст и вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова в пропуски.

The office, votes, secret ballot, a term, in succession, nominated, supporters, performing, elections, impeachment, chairman.

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