Exercise 2. Transform the following sentences using participle phrases instead of the subordinate clauses.

Model 1: The students who live in this room formed a football team. – The students living in this room formed a football team.

1. Most of the people who work at our factory have received comfortable flats in new houses. 2. The students who live on the left bank of the river cross this bridge twice a day. 3. The man who is making the report is our teacher. 4. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 5. The young man who helps the professor in his experiment studies in our group. 6. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 7. The figures that follow show the dependence of the rate of reaction on temperature.

Model 2: When we saw our teacher, we stopped and waited for her. – Seeing our teacher, we stopped and waited for her.

1. When the students entered the classroom, they turned on the light. 2. When I crossed the bridge, I met my classmate. 3. When she heard her name, she turned round. 4. When we arrived in London, we went sightseeing the city. 5. When the students saw the dean, they entered the classroom. 6. When he graduated from the University he went to work to Lviv. 7. When we heard the teacher’s voice we stopped talking.

Model 3: When Paul studied at the University, he published several scientific articles. – When studying at the University, Paul published several scientific articles.

1. When we heat a magnet, we lessen its magnetism. 2. When the engineers were discussing the design, they suggested a few improvements. 3. While the lab assistant was making his experiment, he put down all necessary data. 4. While he was studying at the University, he became interested in electricity. 5. When the operator presses the keys, he makes the machine operate. 6. While the boy was being examined, he could not help crying. 7. Students should always be attentive while they are listening to the lecturer.

Model 4: When she had finished her work, she went home. – Having finished her work, she went home.

1. When we had discussed chemical reactions we proceeded to the experiments. 2. After he had studied the question in detail, he was able to answer all the questions asked him by the professor. 3. When Ann had done her home-work, she decided to have a rest. 4. When we had passed our examinations we entered the third year. 5. When my brother had graduated from the University, he went to work at a factory. 6. After the engine had been repaired, it began operating better. 7. After the mechanic had repaired the engine, he showed it to the engineer.

Model 5: The decisions which were adopted at the conference are supported by many scientists. – The decisions adopted at the conference are supported by many scientists.

1. The machines which are made at our plant are exported to many countries of the world. 2. A central angle is an angle which is formed by two radii. 3. The report which was followedby the discussion showed the importance of this problem. 4. The device which was constructed by this young engineer is of great importance for our work. 5. The purpose of electrical source is to produce the necessary electromotive force which is required for the flow of current through the circuit. 6. A piece of steel which is heated to a bright cherry red and suddenly chilled becomes very hard. 7. Ecasilicon is the element which was predicted by Mendeleyev and discovered by Winkler, now known under the name of germanium.

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