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Henri Foyal (1841-1925), French mining engineer and other contributors led the ideas
Administrative theory-a theory that focuses on management of the whole organization rather individual workers,and described such functions of management as Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling.
Foyal identified five functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling.
6. 6.Advantages and disadvantages of Taylor's Scientific Management.
Characteristics of Scientific Management
7. 7.Humanistic perspective: Human relations movement, Human resources perspective. Level 2
Humanistic perspectives emphasizes importance of understanding human behaviors: needs, attitudes and social interactions.Consist of two subfields:
· Human Relations Movement
· Human Resources Perspective
1)Human Relations Movement- a theory according to which productivity of workers will improve if their basic needs are satisfied.
Maslow’s hierarchy started with physiological needs and progressed to safety, belongingness, esteem and finally self-actualization.
o Control comes from the individual worker rather than authoritarian control
o The Hawthorne studies found increased output due to managers’ better treatment of employees
o Money isn’t mattered a great deal
o Productivity increased from feelings of importance
o Created a focus on positive treatment of employees
2)Human Resources Perspective implies that job tasks should be designed in such a way that employees could use all their potential.
o Focus on job tasks and theories of motivation
o Reduce dehumanizing or demeaning work
o Allow workers to use full potential
o Main contributors: Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor
o Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
o McGregor’s Theory X/Theory Y
Theory X and Theory Y
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