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10. 2. 1 Freight stations and freight yards shall arrange railway tracks,warehouses,freight shed, platforms,storage yards,roads,fence walls,gates,loading and unloading machineries, weighing apparatus,load measurement,service of loading and unloading machineries,maintenance of tarpaulins and buildings for production,etc,according to goods category,volume of operations and nature of operations in combination of production requirements and local conditions.
10.2. 2 Cargo warehouses, freight sheds and platforms should be arranged in rectangle manner;in rainy and snowy districts with more operation volume, warehouses and freight sheds may be arranged by using overpass tracks.
Platforms and goods handling tracks should be arranged in the form of one platform with one track. In case of larger freight volume and approximate balance between acceptance and departure of freight volume,it may be arranged in the form of two platforms with
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one track. If it is to handle large quantities of less-than-wagonload freight transit and arrival and departure operations, it may be arranged in the form of two tracks with three platforms.
10. 2. 3 Warehouses or freight sheds in a yard shall have canopies nearby railway and nearby the yard.
10. 2. 4 For a platform to handle large quantities of less-than-wagonload freight transit operations, its length and width shall be determined according to the volume of operations, the length of trains for placing-in and taking-out,cargo transit rang,loading and unloading operation process and the types of handling machinery to be used. Platform length should be no more than 280 m. Platform width may be 18 m,28 m,34 m or 44 m depending on actual conditions.
10. 2. 5 The distance from warehouse external wall axis to platform edge should be 4 m on the side of railway when fork trucks are used in operation;it should be 3. 5 m on the side of field,but it should be 4 m for less-than-wagonload freight warehouse with large quantities of operations. In case of operations by manpower, it may be 3. 5 m on the side of railway while may be 2. 5 m on the side of field.
10. 2. 6 When it is necessary for stevedores to drive motor vehicle by themselves, it shall set a stub-end type platform. The stub-end type platform may be set jointly with the platform for parallel tracks or set separately.
10. 2. 7 The superface of ordinary freight platform edge shall be 1. 1 m higher than the rail surface nearby railway,in the district where large quantities of gondola wagons are used in place of box wagons and loading and unloading operations are conducted on ordinary freight platform,it may be 1 m higher than rail surface or should be 1. 1 — 1. 3 m higher than ground nearby the field.
10. 2. 8 The freight yard to handle large quantities of bulk goods may be set with handling machineries, it may also be possible to set a high platform or slope storehouse,over line funnel storehouse and other loading equipment which are 1. 1 m higher than rail surface and trestle type or embankment type unloading track according to the development of yard and in combination of terrain conditions. The height for subgrade surface of embankment type unloading track should be 1. 5 — 2. 5 m.the width of subgrade surface should be 3. 2~3. 6 m.
10. 2. 9 The effective length for handling on goods loading and unloading track and the length for goods storage or ground shall be determined by freight volume, average net weight of loads for various freight wagons,stacking volume per unit area,time for goods to occupy freight section,times of trains to place in and take out per day,rows of freight sections and the width of freight section in each row,etc. The common freight storehouse may select a span for 9 m,12 m,15 m,18 m,or over 18 m according to requirements.
Average net weight of loads for freight wagons carrying various goods, stacking volume per unit area, width of freight section and freight section occupation time can be selected from Table 10. 2. 9 in design. • 52 •
TablelO. 2. 9 Average net weight of loads for freight trains carrying various goods, stacking volume per unit area,width of freight section and freight section occupation time
| No. | Goods | Average net weight of loads for freight trains (t) | Stacking volume per unit area (t/m2) | width of freight section (m) | freight section occupation time (d) | ||
| category | Arrival | Depart. | |||||
| wagonload keep-dry freight | 0.5 | 5. 5 | |||||
| Common less-than-wagonload freight | Arrival | 0.20 | 9.0 | — | |||
| Depart. | 0.25 | 9.0 | — | ||||
| less-than-wagonload freight for transit | 0. 15 | 11.0 | 1.5 | ||||
| Mixed freights | 0.30 | 8.0 | |||||
| wagonload dangerous freight | 0. 50 | 5.5 | |||||
| less-than-wagonload dangerous freight | 0. 15 | 12.0 | |||||
| wagonload bulky goods | 1.00 | 4.0 | |||||
| less-than-wagonload bulky goods | 0.40 | 6. 5 | |||||
| Bulk goods | 1.00 | 4.0 | |||||
| Container cargo | 0.26 | 7.0 |
Note;In the calculation of total area for the stacking volume per unit area»the storage shed includes net stacking area, passages for fork truck or persons and the area for operations between pallets and cargo stacks; the ground for bulky goods and bulky stack-loading goods include net stacking area and the area of stack intervals,but not include the area of vehicle passages and the ground for running auxiliary machineries.
10. 2. 10 In case of further distance from freight yard to station and more times for wagons to place in and take out, it may set a stabling siding nearby freight yard entrance through technical and economic comparisons.
10. 2. 11 The distance between handling tracks for containers,heavy and bulky goods and bulky stack-loading goods shall be determined according to types of handling machineries, arrangement of freight sections,roads and the operation nature of adjacent tracks, etc..
The distance between freight track and arrival and departure track in an intermediate station shall be no less than 6. 5 m when there is no loading and unloading operation to carry out between the two tracks,in a reconstructed station it should be no less than 5 m under difficult conditions; it shall be no less than 15 m when there are loading and unloading operations.
10. 2. 12 When there is road and parking place arranged between two platforms within a freight yard, its width should be no less than 20m. When a road and parking place are arranged between platform and fence wall,its width should be no less than 18 m.
Road in a freight yard shall be designed into single lane, double lane or three lane road based on types of handling vehicles and loading/unloading machineries, busyness of operations and requirements by operations,etc. It may set 1—3 gates according to the loading/unloading volume in the freight yard,and it shall be conveniently connected with urban roads.
10. 2, 13 The roads,freight platforms,freight sections in each freight area and the parking places for handling vehicles with a freight yard shall be hardened by different standards in
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considerations of goods categories and handling tools,etc..
10. 2. 14 In a station to dispatch large quantities of perishable goods.it shall set a re-icing point for originating trains nearby loading place. In a marshalling station with a lot of re-icing insulated wagon to pass through, it should set a midway re-icing point located nearby the main flow direction of insulated wagons which can be easy for delivery wagons to access.
In the re-icing point it shall set ice-making, ice storage and re-icing equipment. The length of re-icing platform or re-icing track shall be determined according to the number of wagons for re-icing operations and methods for re-icing operations.
When it is required by mechanical refrigerator train running route and operations, it shall set a vehicle depot and midway gas station in a proper location for mechanical refrigerator wagons.
10. 2. 15 In a unloading station where it is to handle large quantities of dangerous goods, domestic animals, animal products, aquatic products and perishable cargos or in a station with quite a lot of emptied freight wagons,it may set a washing and disinfecting point when it is necessary, its scale and equipment in it shall be determined according to the operation volume and nature of the wagons to be washed and disinfected.
The location of such washing and disinfecting point shall be far away from railway equipment and residential areas.
The washing and disinfecting point shall have equipment to treat sewage and waste residues and the treatment of sewage and waste residues shall accord with the relevant provisions set forth in the current national standards.
10. 2. 16 In a station to loading and unloading large quantities of domestic animals,it shall set up animal platform,cattle pen,drinking place and other auxiliary equipment.
When it is required by animal transportations, it shall set a hydrant in a district station,marshalling station or a station 100~200 km away for animals to drink water. 10. 2. 17 In a city with more centralized dangerous goods,it shall set a specialized freight yard for dangerous goods. In case of less dangerous goods,it may set a special storehouse or freight area for dangerous goods within the mixed-type freight yard.
The locations of special freight yard for dangerous goods and explosive storehouse and the arrangement of transportation equipment for dangerous goods shall accord with the current national provisions on fire prevention,explosion protection,gas defense,health and environmental protection, etc..
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11 Industrial Station and Harbour Station
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| Figure 9. 3. 2-2 Layout Diagrams in Longitudinal Type of Passenger Coach Servicing Point | | | Layout Diagrams for Industrial Station and Harbour Station |