Energy from the soil, air and waters too. Thermal pumps.

Probably, you will not be surprised with installations, which are capable to give away more power, than it is spent for their work. Certainly, their efficiency has remained less than one, and we need to clarify only, where this additional power comes from. One of such examples of installations is a thermal pump. We are sure, that you meet such title for the first time. However, hardly among you will be though one person who would not deal with installations of such type. An example of such installation is our usual refrigerator. In addition, the essence of such title –a thermal pump - consists in that it “pumps out” heat from more cool volume and transfers it to the hotter one. In your refrigerator, that is a thermal pump, warm is taken from refrigerated, that is cold space, and is transferred to a hot radiator which usually is situated on the backside of the unit.

How to adopt the unit, similar to a refrigerator, for extraction whence power for our needs? First, what means whence? We are surrounded by air and water space; under us, there is the earth surface. Above all, it is our native and kind Sun presenting us with a heat and light. This heat warms both air, and water, and soil. Thermal pump also extracts warm from these environments, which the Sun gives to us. In this sense, it is possible to tell, that the thermal pump “works” on solar energy. For this purpose in soil bury a bistort from plastic pipes or drop pipes in drilled chinks, lay pipes on a bottom of a water reservoir or run air through radiator - heat exchanger. Extracted by circulating water warm goes into a thermal pump and there it will be converted to warm with such temperature, which is required for our household and economic needs. All is clear? See, how it is simple?

In the reality, it was received not at once and not so simple. The first thermal pumps were bulky, unreliable and had low factor of transformation (FT), certainly, it is not the same with efficiency, which always is less than one. FT value should be more than one – otherwise who need the thermal pump, which is not giving to us additional heat.

The first information on thermal pumps substantially made in Russia has acted from firm “INSOLAR“ in 1993. Two types of installations have been offered to utilization.

First of them ATNU-10 at power consumption of 3,5 kW effected thermal energy in volume of 10,3 kW. The factor of transformation is practically equal to 3. Temperature of water on an output in system of heating – 45 degrees. Except for heating in wintertime, installation in summertime is capable to cool barns (pantries, vegetable storages).

Second installation TUGV-200 at power consumption of 420 W effected a thermal energy in volume of 2,0 kW. The factor of transformation came nearer to 5. Temperature of water on an output in system of hot water supply – 55 degrees.

In 1999 we were acquainted with technical materials and production of firm “WATTERKOTTE“ in the German city Herne, producing thermal pumps of wide variety of capacity. An interval of power consumption – from 1,4 up to 17,8 kW. Output, that is thermal capacity – from 8,3 up to 110,2 kW. On these installations, achieve factor of transformation – 6. Serious achievement. And all this at a level of a serial production.

Also imagine, that such thermal pump can give. It is considered, that heating of living quarters with an usual level of a heat insulation in winter time needs thermal capacity in 1 kW on 10 square meters of the area. For example, the house in 200 square meters would need 20 kW of electrical capacity. It is expensive. However, with the help of a thermal pump with factor of transformation 6, consumption of the electric power is possible to reduce to 3,3 kW. In addition, it is already quite acceptable from the economic point of view. And what economies of the electric power – more than 80 percents.

Whether it is a probable limit? On one of seminars on energy saving in Minsk the representative of the Academy of sciences of Russia was threatened to reach factor of transformation of a thermal pump up to 23. It is fantastic! It would be desirable to hope, that this is scientific fantasy, so - it should come true. Then the economies of the electric power on heating will be 95 percents. Time will show.

Nevertheless, it is not the limit yet. It is possible in fact to reduce power consumption on heating of a house at the expense of rationalization of the process of heating. In Norway, the system of a so-called “reasonable” house is built. Heating, lighting is monitored, not necessary devices are automatically disabled. Transformation of an ordinary house in “reasonable” one on calculations of developers makes on the average hardly more than 2 thousand US dollars, and costs pay off for five years. Moreover, if they would use a thermal pump payback time could appear even less. Undoubtedly reasonable idea of a “reasonable” house.

Summing up our talk about possibilities of energy, it is necessary to establish, that we until now proceed “to potter about” in extremely small range of these possibilities. Substantial perspectives are practically unlimited. Moreover, for what undertake, the result, providing to Humankind the worthy Future, can be received. At that, that Humankind “was linked” for atomic energy, is the greatest historical error, which should be corrected. It should be corrected for the sake of our children and grandsons, for the sake of the Future Humankind!

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14