The compound and the complex sentence

Ex. 352. Point out the coordinate clauses (mark the elliptical ones) and comment on the way they are joined.

1. It was high summer, and the hay harvest was almost over. 2. His eyes were bloodshot and heavy, his face a deadly white, and his body bent as if with age. 3. You’ll either sail this boat correctly or you’ll never go out with me again. 4. She often enjoyed Annette’s company, yet the child made her nervous.5. It was early afternoon, but very dark outside, and the lamps had already been turned on. 6. All the rooms were brightly lighted, but there seemed to be complete silence in the house. 7. He only smiled, however, and there was comfort in his hearty rejoinder, for there seemed to be a whole sensible world behind it.

Ex. 353. Define the kinds of subordinate clauses: subject, object and predicative clauses. Translate the sentences into your native language.

1. What you saw tonight was an ending. 2. The trouble with you, Martin, is that you are always looking for a master. 3. Suddenly realizing what had happened, she sprang to her feet. 4. Who and what he was, Martin never learned. 5. What he would do next he did not know. 6. What I want is to be paid for what I do. 7. I cannot help thing there is something wrong about that closet. 8. And what is puzzling me is why they want me now. 9. I only write down what seems to me to be the truth.10. Her fear was lest they should stay for tea.

Ex. 354. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by that.

1. His smile was so easy, so friendly, that Laura recovered. 2. It was just luck that he didn’t catch the boat. 3. The impression he gathered was that he would be able to make his own terms. 4. In fact Mrs. Spear’s callers made the remark that you never would have known that there was a child in the house. 5. The box that the fur came out of was on the bed. 6. “I sit alone that I may eat more”, said the Baron, peering into the dusk. 7. I believe that all we claim is that we try to say what appears to be the truth. 8. At first she used to read to me but it was such a dismal performance that I could not bear to hear her.

Ex. 355. Join the subordinate clauses of time using the correct time conjunctions: until, while, before, as, when, as soon as, by the time, as long as.

1. … King Henry VIII of England was 18 years old, he was already the ruler of his country. He is probably remembered by so many people because he married six times … he was King. His first wife, Katherine of Aragon, gave him a daughter but no sons to take the throne after him. It seemed that … she was his wife, he would not have a son. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn, but … he could marry her he had to divorce Catherine. Anne gave Henry another daughter but no sons and for this reason he had her beheaded. … she was dead, he found another wife. She did have a son but she died just … the baby was born. Henry remained King … he died in 1547. … he died, his only son, Edward, came to the throne, but … he was 16, he died too.

Ex. 356. Choose the correct connective to join the adverbial clause of purpose.

It was midnight on Sunday 9^th March and I was on duty. I had my walkie-talkie with me (for / so that) I could contact my partner if I needed him. I noticed that the door of number 14 Lime Avenue was open. I approached the house quietly (in order to / for fear) investigate. I entered cautiously (not to / so as not to) alert the intruder. He had a large sack (for / to) carry the stolen goods. I caught him by surprise and arrested him. I took him to the station (to / for) questioning. He admitted everything, but we recorded his statement (for fear that / so that) he might change his story later.

Ex. 357. Join the subordinate clauses of concession using the correct connectives: although / though / even though, despite, while / whereas, but, however / no matter how, whatever / no matter what, as.

Mary is 16 and at school. … being good at most subjects, there are some that she still has problems with. … hard she studies, she does not seem to get good marks in Maths, … her father sits with her every week to try and help her understand it better. She loves art, … she always gets good grades, … she does not like sports at all … she is quite athletic. Mary knows that … she’s still at school she has to keep working hard in all the subjects she’s studying … grades she gets. …, she’s optimistic that she’ll improve overall.

Ex. 358. Join the relative clauses filling in the correct relative pronoun or adverb: who, which, that, whose, when, where, why.

Jean Crowder, … is 65, has a fascinating job. She works at a leisure centre, … she teaches aerobics at classes … attract women of all ages. Jean, … slim figure and fashionable hairstyle make her look younger, first attended a keep-fit class 45 years ago … she was a student. Then she heard about a class … needed an instructor. That’s … she started this particular career. Jean’s classes, … last one hour, include dance and step exercises. Jean has some tips for those … wish to stay young. “Eat plenty of fruit, … is good for you. Try to spend time in places … there is fresh air. Talk to young people, … ideas can open your eyes”. Jean will only stop teaching aerobics … she is too old to walk. But, as she says, “I want to delay that day. That’s the reason … I look after my health”.

Ex. 359. Fill in the relative pronoun and put commas where necessary. Distinguish between defining and non-defining relative clauses. Decide whether the relative pronoun can be omitted or not.

1. The food … I like best of all is spaghetti. 2. Fred … mother lives in Edinburgh has gone to Scotland. 3. The building … was next to the school fell down. 4. The restaurant … we celebrated my birthday has closed. 5. Mrs. Jones if the woman … is in charge of this company. 6. The book … I’m reading is about China. 7. The children … I baby-sit for are twins. 8. The supermarket … is near our house is open on Sundays. 9. The actor … I most admire is Robert de Niro. 10. The dog … Roger bought has just had six puppies. 11. The dog … lives next door has had six puppies.

ANSWER KEY

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