The Use of the Subjunctive Mood in Conditional Subordinate Clauses

Ex. 224. Translate the following sentences into your native language.

1. If I knew his address, I’d write him. 2. If he had more spare time, he would help us. 3. If we received that letter tomorrow, we would answer your question. 4. If she were here, they would ask her a few questions. 5. If I were you, I wouldn’t dare to argue. 6. He would certainly agree if he were in your place. 7. Phil would travel if he had more money. 8. If they didn’t want to go, they wouldn’t. 9. I’d go out if it weren’t snowing. 10. If she didn’t come to their party next week, they would be very angry. 11. What would you do if your house were broken into? 12. Elen wouldn’t give me any money if I asked her. 13. Would you give me money if I asked you? 14. What would you do if you found somebody’s purse?

Ex. 225. Supply the correct form of the infinitive in brackets.

A. 1. If I (to have) enough money, I (to buy) this overcoat. 2. Larry (to write) them if he (to have) their address. 3. If you (to travel) first class, it (to cost) over $650. 4. If you (to ask) Esther, she (to help) you. 5. If I (to stop off) in Boston, I (to stay) with my friends. 6. If you (to see) her now, you (not to recognize) her. 7. What you (to do) if you (to ask) to help us? 8. If I (to go) to the doctor, he (to give) me a certificate? 9. If I (to be) you, I (to choose) a different topic. 10. What you (to do) if you (to be) in his place?

B. 1. How long it (to take) you to get to the University if you (to move) into this flat? 2. They (not to be pleased) if we (to come) without asking. 3. I (not to be surprised) if the money (to find) at his place. 4. If he (to ask) about this case, he (not to tell) anything. He is too frightened. 5. What (to happen) if there (to be) a serious nuclear accident? 6. If there (to be) a flood in this area, you (not to get) a penny in compensation. 7. If we (not to waste) so much money, our resources (to last) longer. 8. I (not to be) in this job unless I (to be) a Ph. D.! 9. Unless we (to think) new research was necessary, we (not to spend) money on it. 10. Just imagine what the world (to be) like if we (not to have) electricity!

C. 1. There (not to be) so many articles on astrology unless so many people (to be) interested in it. 2. If my car (to be) struck in a traffic jam, I (to be) very angry. 3. I never (to hit) anybody unless they (to hit) me. 4. If you (to watch) TV, you (to choose) a western or a comedy? 5. You (not to get) this job unless you (to have) some qualifications. 6. I (not to let) you marry my daughter unless you (to start) earning money. 7. You (to make) a scene if you (to provoke)? 8. I (to refuse) to go unless the company (to pay) my expenses. 9. Who you (to ask) if you (not to know) how to do it? 10. I (to buy) this car if I (to be) richer. 11. I don’t agree with his economic policy. I (not to vote) for him unless he (to change) it. 12. No one (to buy) it unless it (to have) a guarantee. 13. If I (to be) you, I (to see) a doctor about those headaches. 14. If Nick (to have) a country house, he (to go) there on Sunday. 15. If you (to have) an argument with your friend, you (to apologize) first? 16. What you (to do) if one day a millionaire (to ask) you to marry him / her? 17. What you (to do) if your car (to steal)? 18. If Leslie (to apply) for the job, he (not to get) it. 19. They (to get) a bank loan if they (to apply) for it. 20. I (to buy) some of their books if they (to send) me their price list.

Ex. 226. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.

1. They would be disappointed …	a. … if I were offered it.
2. Many people would be out of work …	b. … if I lost his ring.
3. I would be surprised …	c. … if he sold it.
4. What would happen …	d. … if I took his car without asking
5. I would be terribly upset …	e. … if we didn’t come to their party.
6. She would understand everything	f. … if this factory closed down.
7. I would take the job …	g. … if you overslept tomorrow.
8. He wouldn’t get much money for his car …	h. … if he refused to lend you some money?
9. What would you buy …	i. … if you helped me with this problem.
10. You’d feel better …	j. … if I were you.
11. I wouldn’t argue …	k. … if you explained the situation to her.
12. Would you buy this flat …	l. … if you won a lot of money?
13. He would be really angry …	m. … if you were offered this job?
14. I would be grateful …	n. … if I weren’t absolutely sure I was right.
15. I would listen to the elder’s advice …	o. … if you stopped smoking.
16. What would you say …	p. … if you had enough money?

Ex. 227. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Якби я мав гарний словник, я б витратив менше часу на переклади. 2. Мені подобається цей годинник. Якби він був дешевшим, я б купив його. 3. Я впевнена, що ви робили б менше помилок, якби краще знали граматику. 4. Якби рішення цього питання залежало від мене, я б допоміг вам. 5. Якби Дані виїхав завтра раніше, то він би був у Нью-Йорку вже ввечері. 6. На вашому місці я б не сперечався. 7. Я б не погодився з цією пропозицією, якби я був на вашому місці. 8. Якби він не витрачав так багато грошей, йому б не довелося їх позичати. 9. Він не приїздив би до цього міста кожного літа, якби йому не подобалося там. 10. Мені більше б подобався тутешній клімат, якби дощі не йшли так часто. 11. На вашому місці я б вибрав іншу роботу. 12. Що б ви робили, якби були на моєму місці? 13. Якби ви попрохали їх допомогти, вони б не відмовили вам.

Ex. 228. Translate the sentences into your native language.

1. If he had put on a warm coat yesterday, he would not have caught cold. 2. If I had seen him yesterday, I’d have given him a piece of my mind. 3. If he had realized the danger, he would have run away. 4. Tony wouldn’t have been so depressed if he had known everything. 5. If George had gone to the party last night, he wouldn’t have seen Bell there. 6. Unless you had studied film history, you’d never have passed that test! 7. We wouldn’t have chosen this tour unless it had been escorted. 8. Would you have gone to Rio if you had known it was going to be so hot there? 9. Matthew wouldn’t have left the children alone for too long if it hadn’t been so necessary to see the doctor. 10. How much would you have spent on your holiday tour if you had gone first class instead of second? 11. If the mother hadn’t left scissors on the floor, the kid wouldn’t have cut his finger.

Ex. 229. Change the following sentences according to the model.

Model: If it didn’t rain, we’d go for a walk (yesterday).

If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we’d have gone for a walk.

1. They would come if you invited them (yesterday night). 2. If you weren’t so careless, you wouldn’t make such a foolish mistake (then). 3. If they were present, we would discuss it with them (last Monday). 4. If it were sunny, we’d go to the beach (the day before). 5. If she were ready, she would take her exam (last week). 6. If Gerry weren’t so busy, I’d ask him to help me (in the morning). 7. If you had a spare ticket, I’d see the performance (yesterday). 8. If I knew English better, I’d work as an interpreter (then). 9. If Phil practiced more, he’d play the guitar better (at the concert). 10. If I had time, I’d go shopping with you (yesterday). 11. He would fill in that form if he didn’t forget about it (at the airport).

Ex. 230. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.

1. I’d have gone to see you …	a. … if I had known your address.
2. The accident wouldn’t have happened …	b. … if she had had enough money on her.
3. They would have come to our party …	c. … if I had known that she was expecting my call.
4. She would have bought that necklace…	d. … if I had known you were ill.
5. We wouldn’t have watched that programme…	e. … if you had witnessed the crime?
6. Tom wouldn’t have been late for his interview …	f. … if she hadn’t been wearing a seat-belt.
7. He wouldn’t have become a teacher …	g. … if you had checked everything before the departure.
8. No one would have bothered you …	h. … if the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly.
9. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday …	i. … if he had missed the train.
10. He would have never asked you to give him a lift …	j. … if he had left some clues, but he hadn’t!
11. She would have been injured in the crash …	k. … if he had known it would be so boring!
12. I wouldn’t have phoned him yesterday …	l. … if he had understood how hard it was going to be!
13. I wouldn’t have fallen off …	m. … if you had told us you wanted to sleep.
14. The man would have been arrested long ago …	n. … if we hadn’t forgotten to invite him.
15. You wouldn’t have left your tickets …	o. … if he hadn’t been in such a hurry.
16. What would you have done …	p. … if someone had been holding that ladder!

Ex. 231. Supply the correct form of the infinitives in brackets.

1. If Joan (to see) him waving, she (to wave) him back. 2. The secretary (to send) the telex if the manager (to ask) her to do it. 3. I (not to be) late for work yesterday if I (to have) an early night the day before yesterday. 4. We (to spend) more time in Edinburgh if we (to know) more about the city when we were booking the tour. 5. If we (to stay) in Las Vegas longer, we (to loose) all our money. 6. If we (to take) our children with us, they (to love) it! 7. If I (to buy) the car earlier, it (to cost) less than now. 8. I (to spend) less time on this work if I (to have) a better dictionary. 9. If I (to know) that it was going to rain, I (to take) an umbrella. 10. I (not to take) this tour unless they (to provide) a guide. 11. If Jane (not to forget) to wind up her watch, she (not to be late) for the interview. 12. I (to phone) you yesterday if you (to be) in town. 13. I (not to catch) cold if I (to have) my coat on. 14. She (not to scold) me if I (to come) in time. 15. If he (to know) the exam would be so difficult, he never (to take) it.

Ex. 232. Complete the following sentences. Make use of the suggested phrases.

1. You wouldn’t have a sore throat … (якби ви не з’їли так багато морозива). 2. He wouldn’t be in hospital now… (якби він звернувся до лікаря вчасно). 3. We shouldn’t feel cold … (якби ми вщент не змокли). 4. She wouldn’t have a headache … (якби вона прийняла ліки вчасно). 5. You’d feel quite well … (якби видалили зуба одразу). 6. The girl wouldn’t walk … (якби їй не зробили операцію). 7. You’d have found the book sooner … (якби ви завжди тримали свої речі у порядку). 8. They wouldn’t have furnished the room in such a way … (якби вони мали хоч трохи смаку). 9. He would have repaired the radio-set long ago … (якби він мав хоч які-небудь інструменти). 10. You wouldn’t have said that … (якби знали мене краще).

Ex. 233. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Якби ви взяли таксі, ви б приїхали на вокзал раніше. 2. Якби ваша пропозиція була отримана на тому тижні, ми б прийняли її. 3. Цього б не сталося, якби ви були там. 4. Якби ви прийшли раніше, ви б ще побачились з моїми батьками. 5. Якби вони не відмовилися допомогти, ми б вчора вже закінчили цю роботу. 6. Якби ви читали книгу, то ви б краще зрозуміли фільм. 7. Якби завдання не було таке важке, студенти б виконали його набагато швидше. 8. Якби я узяв із собою відеокамеру, то зняв би гарний фільм під час подорожі. 9. Якби я був у місті, коли твій брат приїжджав, я б із ним побачився. 10. Алан не прийняв би цієї пропозиції, якби не відчував потреби в грошах. 11. Лорейн не вийшла б за нього заміж, якби не була впевнена в тому, що це буде гарний шлюб. 12. Я б не почала читати цю книгу, якби мені її не порекомендували. 13. Девід ніколи б не вступив до університету, якби не навчався гарно у школі. 14. Ніхто б не запідозрив його в крадіжці, якби він знищив відбитки пальців.

Ex. 234. Insert the appropriate form of the Subjunctive Mood.

A.1. If you aren’t going to live in the house, why you (not to sell) it? If I (to have) a house I couldn’t use, I (to sell) it at once. 2. No, I didn’t know any Russian at that time. - But if you (not to know) Russian, why you (to offer) to give him Russian lessons? - Because I knew that he (to refuse). He always rejected my offers. 3. Tell him to bring his bicycle inside. If he (to leave) it outside, someone (to steal) it. 4. Why do people always wear dark clothes at night? If pedestrians (to wear) light coloured clothes, drivers (to see) them much more easily. 5. She must have loved him very much because she waited for him for 15 years. If she (not to love) him, she (not to wait) so long. 6. He looked so small and weak that nobody asked him to do anything. If he (to look) strong, he (to be) expected to dig all like everyone else. 7. The government is talking of pulling the village down to make room for an airport. If they (to start) doing it, the village people (to resist)? 8. If you are catching an early train tomorrow, you (to like) to have breakfast at 7.00? 9. We’ll have to break the ice on the pond; otherwise the ducks (not to be able) to swim, they (not to be able) to get food. 10. When he left school, he became a fisherman. His family didn’t like it at all. They (to be) much happier if he (to become) a greengrocer like his father. 11. They still say that if he (to go) into the greengrocery business when he left school, he (to be) comfortably off now, instead of being poor. 12. But he says that if he (to have) his life again, he (to make) the same choice.

B. 1. So many parcels and no baskets! If I (to know) that we were going to buy so much, I (to bring) a basket. 2. No one bathes here. The water is heavily polluted. If you (to bathe) in it, you (to be) ill for a fortnight. 3. The only thing I haven’t got is a balcony. If I (to have) a balcony, I (to grow) plants in pots. Then my flat (to be) perfect. 4. If he (to stand) on a barrel, we all (to see) him and that (to be) much better. 5. Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again! If I (to be) Tom, I (to get) a new battery. 6. I expect you’ll see Jack at the lecture tonight. If you (to do), you, please (to remind) him about tomorrow’s meeting? 7. The headmaster decided that Peter was the culprit and expelled him from the school. A more intelligent man (to realize) that Peter couldn’t have been guilty. 8. But I blame the real culprit even more. If he (to admit) his guilt, Peter (not to be) expelled. 9. My unmarried friends are always telling me how to bring up my children. I sometimes think that if they (to have) children, they (to make) just as many mistakes as I do.

Ex. 235. Translate the sentences into English using the form of the Subjunctive Mood.

А. 1. Я була б щаслива, якби мала багато братів та сестер. 2. Якби він міг кататися на лижах, він поїхав би з друзями у гори ще того тижня. 3. Якби ви доклали зусиль, ви б закінчили роботу за півгодини. 4. Якби ви працювали старанніше, ви б уже давно написали цю роботу. 5. На вашому місці я б не хвилювався: вона знає, що робити. 6. Ми б зайшли до вас, якби не поспішали, але ми запізнювалися на концерт. 7. Вона почувала б себе краще, якби не зловживала ліками і частіше дихала свіжим повітрям. 8. Якби він мешкав у Парижі, він приїздив би до нас кожного тижня. 9. Якби я знала його краще, я б домовилася з ним про це ще вчора. 10. Вона б склала іспити краще, якби працювала протягом року. 11. Мені б сподобався фільм більше, якби він не був чорно-білим. 12. Що б ви робили, якби зараз були канікули? 13. Ми б дуже хвилювались, якби він не прийшов вчора.

В. 1. Якби він був вільний вчора, він би зайшов до мене. 2. Якби ви були вчора на концерті, ви б отримали велике задоволення. 3. Якби я знала про цю статтю раніше, я б переклала її. 4. Змагання відбулися б, якби не пішов сильний дощ. 5. Він би ніколи не впізнав мене, якби я не почала розмовляти з ним. 6. Дівчина не хвилювалася б так сильно, якби їй не задавали так багато питань. 7. Якби ви допомогли їй, вона б вже закінчила роботу. 8. Ви б не втомилися так вчора, якби ви більше відпочивали. 9. З ним би нічого не трапилося, якби він не поспішав. 10. Якби ви попрохали мене про це тиждень тому, я б допомогла вам відразу. 11. Якби я був на вашому місці тоді, я б зробив по-іншому. 12. Якби ви проглянули старі газети, ви б знайшли цікавий матеріал для свого виступу. 13. Якби він був учора в інституті, ми б зустріли його. 14. Якби ви відправили телеграму вчора, він би вже отримав її. 15. Якби вона зайшла до мене вчора, я б допомогла їй у цій справі. 16. Якби ви не пропустили свій автобус, ви б не спізнилися на роботу. 17. Я зміг би відремонтувати машину, якби мав необхідні інструменти

Ex. 236. Read and translate the following sentences. Comment on the forms and the meaning of the Subjunctive Mood.

1. Were he a sensible boy, he’d behave in a different way. 2. Were I in your place, I’d do the same. 3. Were she one of my best friends, I’d share my secrets with her. 4. Weren’t it raining, the children wouldn’t be staying at home. 5. Had she time, she would be able to join the excursion. 6. Had she many children, she wouldn’t be so lonely. 7. Had we been told about it yesterday, we’d have come earlier. 8. Had she known he would be here, she wouldn’t have gone away. 9. I don’t know what you would have done, had you been in my place. 10. Were she cleverer, she wouldn’t have said such a silly thing. 11. Were Mum with us, she wouldn’t have let you do so. 12. Hadn’t he been badly wounded, he would have reached the other bank sooner.

Ex. 237. Complete the following sentences using the words given in brackets. Mind the inverted word order in subordinate clauses of condition.

1. (Знав би я про це раніше), I’d have spoken to him. 2. (Не було б дощу), we’d have had a sail by sea. 3. (Були б вони зараз тут), they would come to see us. 4. (Склала б вона вже іспити), she could go to the Crimea with us now. 5. (Був би він вкрай самотнім), we’d invite him more often. 6. (Вмів би він гарно плавати), this wouldn’t have ended so tragically. 7. (Вчинив би він так), everybody would have turned away from him. 8. (Мав би я шанс подивитися цю п’єсу), I should never have missed it. 9. (Не була б ріка така глибока), we should cross it.

Ex. 238. Translate the sentences into English.

1.Були б зараз канікули, я б поїхав до Москви. 2. Зателефонувала б вона мені вчора, ми б не виглядали посміховиськом зараз. 3. Прийшов би він вчасно, вони б вже закінчили роботу. 4.Була б це правда, він би не заперечував цього. 5. Попередив би він нас, ми б ніколи не втрутилися в цю справу. 6. Був би він художником, він би намалював мій портрет. 7. Що б він сказав, був би він зараз з нами? 8. Сказав би він про це раніше, все було б зараз інакше. 9. Були б в мене тоді гроші, я прилетіла б літаком. 10. Був би я знову в цих місцях, я обов’язково сходив би на полювання. 11. Поклали б ви листа до сумки, ви б не загубили його. 12. Я купила б своєму синові ковзани, вмів би він кататися

Ex. 239. Read the following sentences. Comment on the form and the meaning of the Subjunctive Mood. Translate into your native language.

1. But for the late hour, I’d stay a little longer. 2. But for his teeth, he’d be quite good-looking. 3. But for the girl, he would have left immediately. 4. But for his illness, he’d have graduated from the college last year. 5. But for the small print, I should have read the book sooner. 6. The child wouldn’t have begun crying, but for your severe look. 7. You first brought your friend into our company. We’d never have seen him, but for you. 8. But for the frost, we should be playing outdoors. 9. But for your help, I should never have finished my work. 10. Nobody would have noticed him, but for his innumerable questions. 11. But for me, you’d have bought that old-fashioned knitted dress. 12. The girl would have lost her job, but for her father’s help.

Ex. 240. Paraphrase the sentences using but for - phrase. Look at the model.

Model: I want to go to the cinema with you but I have to take my

examination in English tomorrow. – But for this examination, I should go to the cinema.

She made an effort over herself and didn’t faint. – But for making an effort over herself, she would have fainted.

1. He helped me and I managed to find my work in time. 2. He is an experienced engineer and he gave us good advice. 3. He was in bad humour the other night and did not produce a favourable impression on my guests. 4. It began to rain and we didn’t reach the village in time. 5. We didn’t buy the new suit only because he was short of money at that time. 6. We felt ill at ease at her presence only because of her vanity. 7. She had a headache and didn’t take part in our amateur concert. 8. The driver was very skilled and we reached the camp at daybreak. 9. He had a good temper so he made friends easily. 10. He was very absent-minded and left our tickets at home. 11. She couldn’t do the task because she had been absent at the lecture.

Ex. 241. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Якби не дощ, діти спали б на відкритому повітрі. 2. Якби не постійна турбота матері, він ніколи б не одужав. 3. Якби не жахлива спека, ми могли б трохи прогулятися. 4. Якби не його оманлива усмішка, ми повірили б усьому, про що він говорив. 5. Дівчина не привернула б до себе уваги, якби не її прекрасні очі. 6. Якби не таксі, ми б не застали його вдома. 7. Якби не ви, я не прийшла б сюди. 8. Якби не війна, його доля склалася б інакше. 9. Якби не тиша, що панувала в будинку, вона нічого б не почула. 10. Якби не годинник, ми сьогодні проспали б. 11. Якби не ваш лист, він би не довідався про нашу подорож до Москви. 12. Якби не ця погода, вона почувала б себе непогано. 13. Якби не важливість цієї справи, я б залишився вдома. 14. Якби не довгоочікуване прибуття мого брата, я пішов би з вами в кіно. 15. Якби не його впертість, він ще тоді прийняв би вашу допомогу. 16. Леслі мав би набагато більше друзів, якби не його характер. 17. Ніхто ні про що б не дізнався, якби не твоя балакучість. 18. Якби вона не була такою неуважною, вона не загубила б свій гаманець. 19. Якби не шпаргалки (cribs), він би ніколи не склав екзамен. 20. Ентоні ніколи не став би таким відомим вченим, якби не його талан.

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