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| Инфинитив – словарная неопределённая форма глагола, основа для образования всех глагольных форм, формальный признак – частица to |
Forms & Types of the Infinitive
| Forms | |||
| Voice Tense | Active | Passive | Характер действия |
| Simple | to write | to be written | одновременноедействие относится кнастоящемуилибудущему |
| Continuous | to be writing | ||
| Perfect | to have written | to have been written | предшествующеедействие относится кпрошлому |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been writing | ||
| Примеры: 1. She wants to talk to him now. Она хочет поговорить с ним сейчас. 2. We hope to be given a pay rise soon. Мы надеемся, что скоро нам поднимут зарплату. 3. I am happy to be dancing with you. Я счастлив, что сейчас танцую с Вами. 4. I am glad to have met him. Я рада, что познакомилась с ним. 5. He claims to have been arrestedillegally.Он заявляет, что его арестовали незаконно. 6. She claims to have been workingvery hard lately. Она говорит, что последнее время работает очень напряжённо. |
1. Fill in the correct infinitive form:
1. He seems ……… (read) a lot.
2. He seems …….... (watch) TV now.
3. She seems ……... (cook) since morning.
4. I am glad ………. (do) all my homework yesterday.
5. I want ………….. (take) my dog to the local vet.
6. The suspect expected ………. (advise) by his solicitor.
7. A: Alan has been offered a new job, hasn’t he?
B: No, he hasn’t. He just pretended … (offer) a new job not... (upset) you.
8. Alex claims …. (meet) lots of famous people but I don’t believe him.
9. A: Ivan seems ….. (work) hard all morning.
B: Yes, he hasn’t even stopped for a cup of coffee.
10.She is sorry …… (miss) the beginning of the concert.
11.It seems …… (rain) for the next couple of days.
12.I like George but I think he tends …. (speak) too much sometimes.
13.We decided not ….. (go out) because it was too late.
14.Ann pretended not ….. (notice) us.
15.Alan is sorry not ….. (accept) the job they have offered to him.
2. Monica Collins is a famous actress.
1 She is going on holiday to another country Say what she expects to do and be done on her arrival, as in the example:
e.g. (meet at the airport) She expects to be met at the airport
| ·1 give some flowers ·2 drive to the hotel ·3 provide with excellent service at the hotel ·4 give a red-carpet welcome ·5 make friends with nice people ·6 do much sightseeing | ·7 give a high profile (создавать популярность) ·8 invite to appear on TV ·9 photograph for newspapers and magazines ·10 enjoy the holiday very much |
2 Monica is back home now. Say what things didn’t happen the way she expected them to. Make sentences, as in the example:
e.g. She expected to have been met at the airport.
NB! Перфектный инфинитив показывает, что действие было запланировано, но не выполнено.
| Types | |
| The To-Infinitive (Инфинитив с частицей to) | The Bare Infinitive (Инфинитив без частицы to) |
| ·1после глаголов advise, agree, decide, expect, hope, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want, etc. e.g. He refused to answer my question. Он отказался ответить на мой вопрос. ·3 после пассивной формы глаголов be made/ be heard/ be seen/ be allowed(вместо глагола let) e.g. He was made to pay for the damage. Его заставили возместить убытки ·4. после. would like / would prefer e.g. I would like to study law. Мне бы хотелось изучать право. ·5после глаголов ask, know, learn, remember, want to know, etc.+ вопросительное слово (who, what, where, when, how) + to-Infinitive NB! После why инфинитив не ставится: e.g.I don’t know how to answer this question. Я не знаю, как ответить на этот вопрос. BUT: He can’t explain why he left. Он не может объяснить, почему ушёл ·6 после прилагательных glad, happy, nice, sorry, ashamed, willing, etc. e.g. I am glad to meet you. Я рад познакомиться с Вами. ·7после too и enough e.g. It’stoo cold to go skiing. Слишком холодно, чтобы кататься на лыжах. He is rich enough to buy a new car. Он достаточно богат, чтобы купитьновый автомобиль. | ·8 после модальных глаголов can, may, must, should(кромеought toи эквивалентов модальных глаголов to be to, to have to, to be able to) e.g. You must study hard. Выдолжны учиться усердно. ·9 после глаголов let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice в действительном залоге e.g. They made him payfor the damage.Они заставили его возместить убытки. ·10после had better и would rather e.g. You had better sign the contract. Вам бы лучше подписать контракт. ·11 в вопросах, начинающихся с Why? (Зачем…..? Почему бы не …..?) e.g. Why risk it? Зачем рисковать? Why not dance now? Почему бы сейчас не потанцевать? ·12 второй инфинитив, когда два инфинитива соединяются союзом and e.g. He decidedto goto universityand studylaw. Он решил поступить в университет и изучить право. Примечание: 1. Оба типа инфинитива (с to и без to) можно употреблять после глаголов helpиdare(сметь, осмелиться) e.g. He helped me (to) fixthe tap. I wouldn’t dare (to) tell him. 2. после daren’t/dare not инфинитив ставится безчастицыto: e.g. I daren’t tell him what happened. |
3. Fill in the gaps with correct infinitive types (with or without TO):
1) They seem ___ (have) plenty of money. 2) He advised me ___ (apply) for this job. 3) Don’t break the law if you don’t want ___ (spend) the rest of your life in prison. 4) The state must ___ (protect) our security. 5) Before suspects are interviewed they have ___ (be cautioned – огласить права). 6) What would you like ___ (do) tonight? 7) You had better not ___ (be late) for work. 8) I would rather ___ (enter) into a contract that is legally binding. 9) I am not obliged ___ (assist) the police, but I would prefer ___ (do) so as I feel a sense of moral duty. 10) You can’t make me ___ (say) what you want me ___ (say). 11) He asked me to let her ___ (know) when mother would be back. 12) Liz tried to make him ___ (see) a doctor. She wouldn’t dare ___ (tell) him the truth herself. 13) She heard the door ___ open) and saw a shadow ___ (move) across the room. 14) We were sorry ___ (hear) bad news. 15) The teacher is always willing ___ (help) us. 16) Alexander is proud ___ (rank) top in his class. 17) She’s too shy ___ (answer) this question. 18) Why not ___ (join) the Police Forces and ___ (protect) people against crime?
4. Complete answers in the following dialogues using question words and Infinitives, as in the example:
| e.g. A: Which candidate are you going to hire? B: I am not sure which candidate to hire? |
A: Where are you going to arrange your birthday party?
B: I don’t know ………………………………………
A: How many people are you going to invite?
B: I can’t decide ………………………………………
A: How are you going to do your hair?
B: I’m still wondering ………………………………...
A: What kind of a birthday cake are you going to bake?
B: I‘ve not decided ……………………………………
A: You can buy any cake you like at the baker’s.
B: Why ……. an expensive cake when I can bake it myself?
A: What dishes are you going to help your guests to?
B: I have no idea …………………………………………..
A: Why are you so undecided?
B: I don’t know …………….Could you help me, please?
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