Особенности относительных местоимений и наречий

В обоих типах определительных придаточных предложений: ·1 who и which могут бытьподлежащим – subject(за местоимением следует глагол)или дополнением – object(между who/which и глаголом стоит существительное или личное местоимение). e.g. The woman who lives next door is friendly (who = subject). The woman who you metyesterdaylives next door (who = object). ·2 в официальной речи вместо whoможно использоватьwhomв функции дополнения или предложного дополнения (предлог в этом случае ставится передwhom). e.g. Mr. Smith, to whom I spoke at the meeting, is a reliable business partner. ·3 в разговорной речи whom не используется, а предлог предложного дополнения ставится в конце придаточного предложения. e.g. My sister is the girl whoTom is dancing with.
Identifying Relative Clauses	Non-Identifying Relative Clauses
·4 Вместо who, whom, which, when, why можно использоватьthat. e.g. I met somebody (who/that) I hadn’t seen for ages ·5 Where можно заменять наwhich/that + предлог. e .g. The street where we used to play is very busy now. The street which/that we used to playin is very busy now. ·6 Who, whom, which, when, why, thatв функции дополнения можно опускать. e.g.That is the hat (which/that) I bought last week. ·7 При опущении предложного дополнения предлог сохраня­ется в конце придаточного предложения. e.g.The street (which/that) we used to play in is very busy now.	·8 Нельзяиспользоватьthat ·9 Нельзя опускатьотносительные местоимения и наречия. e.g. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us. ·1 Whichможет относиться ко всей ситуации, описанной в главном предложении. e.g. He lent me some money. This was generous of him. He lent me some money,which was generous of him. ·2При описании субъектов или объектов из группы людей или вещей используют формулы: many of / some of / one of / none of / all of / most of / neither of / either of / both of / half of / each of / one of / two of + whom/which e.g. Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.

3. Omit relative pronouns and adverbs if possible. Be attentive!

1. The young man who stands next to Alice is a detective.

2. Have you found the keys that you have lost?

3. A shoplifter is someone who steals from a shop.

4. The people who we met at the station were very friendly.

5. The people who I talked to were very unfriendly.

6. What have you done with the money that I gave you?

7. What happened to the money that was on the table? Did you take it?

8. The film was awful. It was the worst film that I have ever seen.

9. It was an awful experience. It was the worst thing which has ever happened to me.

10.The car which looked beautiful was very expensive.

11.The investigator that I wanted to see was away on a mission.

12.How old is the boy who hit you?

13.Did you return the book that you borrowed from the library?

14.Is that the man who stole your bag?

15.Have you replied to all the letters which you received?

16.Is he the man who repaired your car?

17.They live in a big house that is in the countryside.

18.A burglar is someone who breaks into a house to steal things.

19.The reason why he is happy is that he’s just got a new job.

20.I want to do the job which I was trained for.

4. Make one sentence with a relative clause from the two given below. Remember that the preposition goes at the end of the relative clause:

e.g. Larry went to the cinema with a girl. The girl is my friend. The girl (who/that) Larry went to the cinema with is my friend.

1. Max talked to a man. The man was from Canada.

The man ………………………....

2. Kate is looking at a photo album. The album is mine.

The photo album ……………………...

3. The police is looking for a criminal. The criminal robbed the bank.

The criminal ……………………………….….

4. Boris has gone to a bank. The bank is near the Kremlin.

The bank …………………....

5. Sharon had dinner with a man. The man was her lawyer.

The man ………………………

6. They invited me to a party. The party wasn’t exciting.

The party ……………………….

7. We went on a cruise last summer. We enjoyed it very much.

We enjoyed the cruise ………………….

8. I was talking to a boy yesterday. The boy lives next door.

The boy ………………………………………....

9. They are speaking about a film. The film is on at the Odeon cinema.

The film ………………………………….

10.He was at the dinner party last Sunday. The party was boring.

The dinner party……………………..…..

11.He was at the party last Sunday. I could talk only to Julia there.

Julia was the only person ………………………....

5. Correct the mistakes. Remember the following rule:

Относительные местоимения не употребляются с другими местоимениями. e.g. I know a girl whoshe works in a library.

Cross out the incorrect subject or object pronoun in each relative clause:

e.g. I like the present I got itfor Christmas

1. The boots Mum bought me them are very comfortable.

2. The man who designed our house he is an architect.

3. The nicest city I’ve visited it is Paris.

4. The story she has told you it isn’t true.

5. A coward is someone who he is not brave.

6. The car which it is parked outside belongs to me.

7. The children who they are making much noise are in my class.

8. The man you met him last week is a judge.

9. The Queen who she is merely a figure does not rule in the country.

10. A pensioner is a person who he no longer works and gets money from the state.

11. The chocolates which they are in that box will make you put on weight.

12. The actress you admire her is about sixty but looks pretty young.

13. The house they live in it is big and comfortable.

14. The sportsman who he won the first prize is from Russia.

6.Complete each sentences with a relative clause using the sentences in the right box. Mind the prepositions and pronouns:

1) Who was that girl …?	1) You were with her at the party.
2) I am not interested in the things …	2) They are talking about them.
3) I didn’t get the job …	3) I applied for it.
4) The man … has been released.	4) The police arrested him.
5) The stories … are very funny.	5) Tom tells them.
6) The man … has been married twice before.	6) She is married to him.
7) I enjoy my job because I like the people …	7) I work with them.
8) A tenant is someone …	8) He pays rent to live in a house or flat.
9) The police have caught the men …	9) They stole my car.
10) Most of the people … couldn’t come.	10) I invited them to the party.
11) It seems that Earth is the only planet …	11) It can support life.
12) The house … is not in very good condition.	12) I am living in it.
13) A bus... runs every half hour.	13) It goes to the airport.
14) I don’t like people …	14) They are never on time.

7.Make one sentence from the twoas in the example:

e.g. Brenda couldn’t meet us. This was a pity. Brenda couldn’t meet us, which was a pity.

1. Joe got the job. This surprised everybody.

2. The weather was good. We hadn’t expected this.

3. Jill isn’t on the phone. It makes difficult to contact her.

4. He hasn’t got a passport. This means he can’t leave the country.

5. They said they had no money. This was perfectly true.

6. They didn’t thank us for the favour we did. This was very rude of them.

7. The street where I live is very noisy at night. This makes it difficult to sleep.

8. Alex passed his driving test. This surprised me.

9. They got stuck in a traffic jam. This made them late for work.

10.He presented me with beautiful flowers. This was very kind of him.

11.I forgot to go to the bank. That is why I have no money to go shopping.

12.You are not good at the English grammar. This is a pity.

8. Complete the sentences as in the example. Use many of / none of / most of / etc. or the … of + whom/which :

e.g. Most of the questions they asked me I couldn’t answer. They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.

1. She was at school with many of her friends.

She has a lot of friends, ……………………she was at school with.

2. I had seen neither of the two men who came into the office before.

Two men came into the office, ……………….

3. None of the ten people who applied for the job was suitable.

Ten people applied for the job, ………………………...

4. Kate hardly ever uses one of her computers.

Kate has got two computers, ……………………….

5. Mike gave half of the 50,000 USD he won to his parents.

Mike won 50,000 USD, ……………………………..

6. Both of Julia’s sisters are teachers.

Julia has two sisters, …………………………………...

7. I went to a party. I knew only a few of the people there.

There were a lot of people at the party, ……………….

8. The sides of the road we drove along were lined with trees.

We drove along the road, the sides of ………….….

9. The aim of the company’s new business plan is to save money.

The company has a new business plan, the aim of ……..

10.None of the three jackets Martin tried on fitted him.

Martin tried on three jackets, ………………………………

11.I had seen before. Jane has received neither of the letters I sent her.

I sent Jane two letters, ………………………………...

12.They rarely use two of the three cars they’ve got

They’ve got three cars, …………………………….

13.Most of the information we were given was useless.

We were given a lot of information, ……………....

---

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14