Transferred epithet

an <epithet> that is formed of <metaphor>, <metonymy>, <simile>, expressed by adjectives (V.A.K.)

e.g. ”the smiling sun”, “the frowning cloud”, “the sleepless pillow”, “the tobacco-stained smile”, a “ghost-like face”, “a dreamlike experience”, “triumphant look”

See: <affective epithet>, <epithet>, <lexical SDs>

Syn.: figurative epithet, transferred epithet

Hyperbole

гипербола

a <stylistic device> in which emphasis is achieved through deliberate exaggeration

It does not signify the actual state of affairs in reality, but presents the latter through the emotionally coloured perception and rendering of the speaker.

e.g. My vegetable love should grow faster than empires. (A. Marvell)

e.g. The man was like the Rock of Gibraltar.

e.g. Calpurnia was all angles and bones.

e.g. I was scared to death when he entered the room. (J.D.Salinger)

Source: <V.A.K.>

••

a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a feature essential (unlike <periphrasis>) to the object or phenomenon

- is a device which sharpens the reader’s ability to make a logical assessment of the utterance

e.g. He was so tall that I was not sure he had a face. (O.Henry)

Source: <I.R.G.>

••

заведомое преувеличение, повышающее экспрессивность высказывания и сообщающее ему эмфатичность (I.V.A.)

Ant.: <understatement>

See: <lexical SDs>

Understatement

преуменьшение

a <stylistic device> in which emphasis is achieved through intentional underestimation (underrating)

e.g. ”The wind is rather strong” instead of “There’s a gale blowing outside”

••

is dealt with when the size, shape, dimensions, characteristic features of the object are intentionally underrated

It does not signify the actual state of affairs in reality, but presents the latter through the emotionally coloured perception and rendering of the speaker.

e.g. She wore a pink hat, the size of a button. (J.Reed)

e.g. About a very small man in the Navy: this new sailor stood five feet nothing in sea boots. (Th. Pynchon)

Source: <V.A.K.>

Ant.: <hyperbole>

See: <lexical SDs>

Oxymoron

оксюморон

a combination of two semantically contradictory notions, that help to emphasise contradictory qualities simultaneously existing in the described phenomenon as a dialectical unity (V.A.K.)

e.g. ”low skyscraper”, “sweet sorrow”, “nice rascal”, “pleasantly ugly face”, “horribly beautiful”, “a deafening silence from Whitehall” (The Morning Star)

e.g. ”The Beauty of the Dead”, “to shout mutely”, “to cry silently”, “the street damaged by improvements” (O.Henry), “silence was louder than thunder” (J.Updike)

e.g. O brawling love! O loving hate! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick heath! (W.Shakespeare)

e.g. You have two beautiful bad examples for parents. (Sc.Fitzgerald)

••

a combination of two words (mostly an adjective and a noun or an adverb with an adjective) in which the meanings of the two clash, being opposite in sense (I.R.G.)

••

<троп>, состоящий в соединении двух контрастных по значению слов (обычно содержащих антонимичные семы), раскрывающий противоречивость описываемого.(I.V.A.)

e.g. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. (A.Tennyson)

e.g. He had a face like a plateful of mortal sins. (B.Behan)

See: <lexical SDs>

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-14