Special slang

such <special colloquial words> which

- stand close to <slang>, also being substandard, expressive and emotive, but, unlike slang

- are used by limited groups of people, united either professionally (<professional jargonisms> or <professionalisms>) or socially (<jargonisms proper>)

- cover a narrow semantic field, function and sphere of application

- tending to expanded synonymity within certain lexico-semantic groups

Source: <V.A.K.>

Syn.: jargonisms, special slang

Professional jargonisms

Professionalisms

профессионализмы

such <jargonisms> which

- connected with the technical side of some profession

e.g. ”driller” = borer, digger, wrencher, hogger, brake weight

e.g. ”pipeliner” = swabber, bender, cat, old cat, collar-pecker, hammerman

- are formed according to the existing word-building patterns of present existing words in new <meaning>s, and,

- covering the field of special professional knowledge, which is semantically limited, offer a vast variety of synonymic choices for naming one and the same professional item

See: <special colloquial words>

Source: <V.A.K.>

Syn.: professional jargonisms, professionalism

Jargonisms proper

such <jargonisms> which

- served to conceal the actual significance of the utterance from the uninitiated;

- originated from the thieves’ jargon (l’argo, cant);

- was to be cryptic, secretive (major function);

See: <jargonisms>, <special colloquial words>

Source: <V.A.K.>

Vulgarisms

вульгаризмы

coarse <special colloquial words> with a strong <emotive meaning>, mostly der o gatory, normally avoided in polite conversation (V.A.K.)

e.g. There is so much bad shit between the two gangs that I bet there will be more killings this year.

Source: <V.A.K.>

Dialectical words

диалектизмы

such <special colloquial words> which

- are normative and devoid of any <stylistic meaning> in regional dialects, but used outside of them, carry a strong flavour of the locality where they belong;

- markedly differ on the phonemic level: one and the same phoneme is differently pronounced in each of them;

- differ also on the lexical level, having their own names for locally existing phenomena and also supplying locally circulating <synonyms> for the words, accepted by the language in general.

e.g. ”son of a bitch”, “whore”, “whorehound”

e.g. A hut was all the (= the only) home he ever had.

e.g. Mary sits aside (= beside) of her sister on the bus.

Source: <V.A.K.>

Barbarisms

варваризмы

foreign words of phrases, sometimes perverted

иностранные слова или обороты, противоречащие нормам данного языка

e.g. chic, bonmot, en passant, delicatessen, matador, reprimand, helicopter, hippopotamus, marauder, Midi, guerre des baguettes, boulangers, croissants

Neologisms

неологизмы

new words or expressions

e.g. take-away, high-rise, hang-glider, palmcorder, wristphone, cellular phone,

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14