From the history of a newspaper

Task 1 Now you will learn basic facts about the history of a newspaper. Read the paragraphs and arrange them according to the chronological order. Think of the headline to each paragraph.

A

1 The term newspaper became common in the 17th century. However, in Germany, publications that we would today consider to be newspaper publications, were appearing as early as the 16th century. They were discernibly newspapers for the following reasons: they were printed, dated, appeared at regular and frequent publication intervals, and included a variety of news items. The first newspaper however was said to be the Strasbourg Relation, in the early 17th century.

B

2 The coranto form influenced British newspapers. On 7 November 1665, The London Gazette (at first called The Oxford Gazette) began publication. It is considered to be the newspaper that decisively changed the look of English news printing, echoing the coranto format of two columns, a clear title, and a clear date. It was published twice a week. Other English papers started to publish three times a week, and later the first daily papers emerged. It was in March 1702 when Elizabeth Mallet started to produce the Daily Courant. This was partly due to in the postal system between Dover and London.

Newspapers in general included short articles, ephemeral topics, some illustrations and service articles (classifieds). They were often written by multiple authors, although the authors' identities were often obscured. They began to contain some advertisements, and they did not yet include sections. Mass market papers emerged, including Sunday papers for workers to read in their leisure time.

C

3 Before the advent of the newspaper, there were two major kinds of periodical news publications: the handwritten news sheet, and single item news publications. These existed simultaneously.

The Roman Empire published Acta Diurna ("Daily Acts"), or government announcement bulletins, around 59 BC, as ordered by Julius Caesar. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places.

In China, early government-produced news sheets, called tipao, were commonly used among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the Kaiyuan Za Bao ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.

D

4 In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly Notizie scritte ("Written notices") which cost one gazetta, a Venetian coin of the time, the name of which eventually came to mean "newspaper". These avvisi (notices) were handwritten newsletters and used to convey and spread political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently throughout Europe, more specifically Italy, during the early modern era (1500-1700) — sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers.

However, none of these publications fully met the classical criteria for proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the general public and restricted to a certain range of topics.

E

5 The first newspaper in British North America, Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic (1690), was immediately suppressed by the governor of Massachusetts. Official news was spread by means of proclamations and pamphlets or by newsletters and newspapers from London. The first regular newspaper in the colonies did not appear until 1704, and it was published by authority of the government. It was the weekly Boston News-Letter, published by John Campbell, the postmaster. Another paper replaced it in 1719, the Boston Gazette, published by postmaster James Franklin, an elder brother of Benjamin Franklin. Two years later James Franklin started his own New-England Courant. This was the beginning of independent journalism in the United States.

www.en.wikipedia,org

 

Title page of Carolus’ Relations

From 1609, the earliest newspaper

Task 2 This exercise will help you to practice in the text reconstructing. Provide additional information to the given key words or phrases using the material of the text above.

Task 3 a

You are in the English language summer school for young journalists. Share your knowledge with your peers about the history of newspaper in Belarus and / or in Russia.

Task 3 b

You may probably take part in the students’ scientific conference. Try to make your report in the format of a presentation on the history of a newspaper.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-14