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I. Translate the following words and word combinations into the Russian language.
Translation
1) to run any business …………………………………………………………….
2) the first requirements ………………………………………………………….
3) to start up a business …………………………………………………………..
4) a very large amount ……………………………………………………………
5) to make vast fortunes ………………………………………………………….
6) to survive and prosper ………………………………………………………….
7) to obtain money ………………………………………………………………..
8) personal savings ………………………………………………………………
9) to borrow money from a bank …………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
10) loans to be repaid ………………………………………………………………
11) short-term loans ………………………………………………………………..
12) a number of important decisions ………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
13) to manufacture products ……………………………………………………….
14) raw materials …………………………………………………………………..
15) people to be employed ………………………………………………………..
16) equipment to be installed ……………………………………………………..
17) to require financing ………………………………………………………….
18) to start the process as soon as possible ………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………
19) to succeed in selling the product ………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Form nouns from the following words and translate them into the Russian language.
Noun translation
1) develop ……………………………. …………………………….
2) manage ……………………………. ……………………………
3) survive ……………………………. ……………………………..
4) ray …………………………….. …………………………….
5) form ……………………………. ……………………………..
6) manufacture ……………………………. ………………………………
8) appear ……………………………… ………………………………
9) require ……………………………….. ……………………………….
10) prosper ………………………………. ……………………………….
III. Explain in your own words the meaning of the following words and expressions used in the text.
1) entrepreneurs ………………………………………………………..
2) money breeds money ………………………………………………..
3) short-term loan ………………………………………………………..
4) long-term loan ………………………………………………………..
5) funds ………………………………………………………………….
6) to handle money ……………………………………………………..
7) manufacturing process ………………………………………………..
8) plant and machinery ………………………………………………….
9) to repay money ……………………………………………………….
10) would-be businessmen ………………………………………………
IV. Answer the following questions.
1) What is the object of running a business? …………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2) What is the first thing you need if you want to start up a new business? …….
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
3) What are personal savings invested in starting a business called? …………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
4) What alternative sources of funds might be used? ………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5) What is long-term loan? ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
6) What kinds of fixed assets can you name? …………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..
7) What do we call the materials from which the product is to be made? ……….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Why should the manufacturing process be started as soon as possible? ………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
IV. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
1. The aim of ………. any business is to make money.
a) run b) running c) manage
2. Money does not necessarily have to be a very large ………….
a) amount b) discount c) fortunes
3. You should know how to …….., if your business is to survive and prosper.
a) sell and buy products b) spend money c) manage money
4. The golden rule of any business is ………
a) to save money b) to manage money properly c) to never waste money
5. If a business is to be started, …….first be obtained from some source.
a) funds b) suppliers c) loans
6. The place you have chosen for your business is called ……….
a) premises b) department c) office
7. It is necessary to start the manufacturing process …………..
a) as late as possible b) as soon as possible c) in some years.
8. The business should always have a ………….. if it is successful.
a) demand for the product b) good equipment c) lot of employers
V. Give the English equivalent for the following words and expressions.
1. управлять компанией ………………………………………………….
2. выживать и процветать ……………………………………………….
3. управлять деньгами …………………………………………………...
4. брать заем в банке ……………………………………………………
5. устанавливать оборудование ………………………………………….
6. нанимать людей на работу …………………………………………….
7. производственный процесс ……………………………………………
8. сроки (условия) кредита ……………………………………………….
9. предприниматель………………………………………………………..
10.помещение……………………………………………………………….
11.долгосрочный заем………………………………………………………
12.важные решения ………………………………………………………..
VI Translate the following extract into the English language, using a dictionary.
Controlling stock.
There is always a leak of resources through the tap at the pool of stock. This is a controllable leak and its size depends upon the success or otherwise with which the raw materials are managed. If store facilities are poor, and the storeman is not interested in his job, the leak will be large. The loss can be minimized by a good system of stores control backed by well trained staff.
Part 2.
Read the text very carefully, looking up everything you do not understand. Then answer the following questions.
1) What is the benefit of selling the product as soon as possible?
2) What is the purpose of credit control?
3) What is the disadvantage of factoring debts?
4) Does a profitable business have to pay dividends?
The next step at which good management can greatly improve the resources available to the business is by selling and distributing the finished goods as quickly as possible and obtaining the money from the firm’s customers in the shortest possible time. There is a loss at the time of sale, which good procedures can largely eliminate, caused by damage, pilferage and below-standard items that are returned, as well as by items incorrectly delivered. It is here that the greatest potential loss
Occurs, that of bad debts – people who take delivery of goods but do not pay for them. Most business is conducted on credit, and, with difficulty in obtaining sales, credit has become easier to obtain. It is one element in the marketing mix and its terms depend on many things, including the custom and practice of the trade, and the pressures on the company to make a sale. Nearly all businesses suffer from bad debts, and, in order to keep them to a minimum, an efficient system of credit control is essential. The practice of factoring your debts, which entails employing a third person who obtains your money for you for a fee, is widespread in America and growing elsewhere. It has the advantage of giving the business money to use more quickly than would otherwise be the case. The criticism most usually levied against it is that it destroys the special relationship between the organization and its customers.
The money collected from the customers now replace some of that used in starting the business, but the ‘taps’ of dividends, tax and interest have to be considered. Shareholders’ dividends can be paid only out of profits, so if no profits have been made no dividends will be expected. If profits have been made, dividends may be paid at the discretion of the owners, but this is not a requirement.
If a business is continually making a profit but refuses to pay dividends, without good reason, it will find it difficult to obtain money from the public when it next needs it.
Interest has to be paid whether the business is profitable or not, which means that
Businesses have to ensure that they do not borrow so much that they cannot afford the interest charges.
Tax is chargeable on profits but is at a minimum in the early years of manufacturing businesses, because of capital allowances, as well as when any large capital investment programme has been taken.
UNDERSTANDING A LECTURE.
Listen to the lecture given on the tape. It is split into sections to make it easier to understand. Then look at the questions given below and listen again for answers.
Answer the questions in your own words:
1. What are three general reasons for failure cited by the lecturer?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What does he think is the most important?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. What does he say is the most important aspect of management?
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. What are the five lessons he draws from examples of bad management?
a)…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………
d)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………..
e)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What does he give as the golden rule?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Ex.1 Translate the following words and expressions into the Russian language.
1) to run a business …………………………………………………………………
to manage the business …………………………………………………………..
2) to stat up – to close down ………………………………………………………..
3) a number of little shops …………………………………………………………..
4) to start one’s own business ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
5) to succeed in doing something ………………………………………...................
……………………………………………………………………………………….
6) to contribute to something………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….
7) rapid disappearance ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….8) management of money …………………………………………………………...
9) to learn lessons …………………………………………………………………...
10) to be undercapitalized …………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….
11) money available ………………………………………………………………...
12) a real chance to succeed ………………………………………………………..
13) to be in trouble ………………………………………………………………….
14) to underestimate ………………………………………………………………...
15) to fail ……………………………………………………………………………
16) to make a living (to survive) …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………….……………………
17) labour relations …………………………………………………………………
18) excessive wage demands ………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….
19) officially called strikes ………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….20) suitable – unsuitable …………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
21) to operate inefficiently ………………………………………………………….
22) to settle on premises …………………………………………………………….
23) to be sure ………………………………………………………………………..
24) ambitious new businesses ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
25) to present a glossy image ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
26) to cost a great deal of money ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27) to be in demand …………………………………………………………………
28) to spend money on something ………………………………………………….
29) non-productive items …………………………………………………………..
30) to research a market ……………………………………………………………
31) to have in mind ………………………………………………………………….
32) to investigate ways of distributing ……………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………….
33) the finished products ……………………………………………………………
34) to get the product to the customers on profitable terms ………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
35) to produce the finest product ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
36) to enter the market ………………………………………………………………
37) to have a system of distribution ready …………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….
38) to take into account …………………………………………………………….
39) to install the right equipment …………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
40) to hire a suitable workforce ……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
41) to keep a close check on prices …………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
42) to deal with some problems ……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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