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1. diarrhea a) Do you prefer hot weather or cold?
2. eating more b) Is your weight steady?
3. heat intolerance c) What is your appetite like?
4. overactivity d) Are your bowels normal?
5. palpitations e) Are you able to sit and relax?
6. weight loss f) Do your hands shake?
7. tremor g) Have you ever felt your heart beating rapidly?
Exercise 16. Explain the following terms in English:
1. hormone
2. thyroid
3. deafness
4. weakness
O B E S I T Y (text 1)
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
| Due Due to To be due to burden succumb premature obese obesity curtail overindulgence injurious secured hazard to convince span | [dju:] [bə:dn] [sə 'kʌm] ['premətòə] [əu 'bi:s] [əu 'bi:siti] [kɜ: 'teɪl] [əuvərin 'dʌldʒəns] [ɪn 'dʒuərɪəs] [sɪ 'kjuəd] ['hæzəd] [kən 'vins] [spæn] | належний внаслідок обумовлюватися тягар;вага;ноша вмирти (від чогось) передчасний гладкий, ожирілий гладкість; ожиріння скорочувати, урізувати надмірне зловживання шкідливий забезпечувати, гарантувати безпеку шанс, ризик, ризикувати переконувати тривалість життя |
Exercise 2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones:
Heavy burden, shortening of the life span, premature death from, average or below average, obese individuals, retention of normal weight, preventive medicine, the energy requirement of the body, a daily caloric intake, a positive energy balance, dietary habits, excessive amounts of starchy food, compensative diminution, risk in overindulgence, normal gain of weight, consumption of food, to burn the excessive fat, to be due to the efforts.
Exercise 3. Choose the proper definitions for the terms:
| 1. fat 2. food 3. habit 4. retention 5. overweight 6. obesity | 1. Substance taken in to maintain life and growth. 2. A substance that contains one or more fatty acids and is the principal form in which energy is stored by the body. 3. The condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, mostly in the subcutaneous tissue. 4. Inability to pass urine, which is retained in the bladder. 5. Above the weight allowed or desirable. 6. A sequence of learned behavior occurring in a particular context or as a response to particular events. |
Exercise 4. Find the stem in the following words. Point out prefixes and suffices.
Physically, hopefully, necessity, extremity, shortening, blindness, sleeplessness, unnecessary, unfortunately, discomfort, in-patient, overweight, unalterable, treatment, punishment, decreased, inferiority, fatty, instigation, overindulgence, injurious, unknown, disinfection, irreversible, possibly.
Exercise 5. Form words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate into English.
Dis- like, function, connect, agree
Un- fortune, necessary, forgettable, reliable
In- different, human, visible, dissolution, effective
Im- possible, practical, mobile, moral
Ir- regular, responsible, relevant, resistible
Mis- understand, translate, place, pronounce, carriage
Mal- nutrition, formation, position, treatment
Exercise 6. Read the following words according to the rules of reading:
[òn] - sta tion, resolution, institution, dissolution, introduction, session, discussion;
[tòә] - na ture, picture, future, lecture, creature, rupture, puncture, fracture, mixture;
[әs] - danger ous, viscous, numerous, obvious, nervous, infectious, previous, serious.
Exercise 7. Revise grammar material. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the sentences with Complex Subject.
1. The patient is supposed to have been discharged from the hospital.
2. He is thought to suffer from pneumonia.
3. Leucocytosis is known to develop in inflammation.
4. They seem to study Biochemistry.
5. He appears to suffer from tuberculosis.
6. The pain proved to be sharp on physical exertion.
7. The doctor is likely to discharge this patient.
8. Acute appendix is sure to be removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis.
Exercise 8. Read and translate the text:
OBESITY
Overweight, particularly in individuals past middle life, is a burden which many persons carry about quite without necessity. In many instances, this heavy burden will result in a definite shortening of the normal life span; they are more likely to succumb to premature death from coronary thrombosis, from diabetes, or from infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis, as well as many other diseases, than persons in the same age group whose weight is average or below average. Furthermore, the obese individual suffers from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts, much more commonly than do persons of normal weight. Thus, the prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine.
The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body — in brief; the fat person eats too much rich food.
A positive energy balance may be due to a variety of causes: one of the important factors is dietary habits. Some people tend to eat excessive amounts of starchy or fatty foods. The overweight of persons past middle life is almost always the result of the decreased energy output of the individual, as the years advance, with no compensative diminution in diet intake. People over 50 eat as much as they did at 20, although their activities are greatly curtailed. Probably the most common cause of overweight is the fact that individuals overeat because they enjoy food, and do not realize that there is any risk in overindulgence.
Prevention of overweight centers is teaching each individual that overweight, particularly with increasing age, is an unnecessary hazard to a normal life. The person must be convinced that the "normal" gain of weight with increasing age is injurious, in a direct ratio to the degree of increase of weight to increasing age.
The other essential educational feature that must be emphasized is that weight reduction can best be secured by maintaining a slow and gradually progressive negative energy balance. In other words, the daily consumption of food should be slightly less than the energy demands of the body. Thus, the body will burn the excess fat in place of food.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS:
Exercise 9. Answer the following questions.
1. At what age may overweight frequently occur?
2. What diseases does obesity usually result in?
3. What serious conditions does an obese individual suffer from?
4. What is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine?
5. Why is a daily caloric intake important factor in production of overweight?
6. What causes may a positive energy balance be due to?
7. What is the most common cause of overweight?
8. Why do the persons over 50 more frequently suffer from this heavy burden?
9. What do the prevention of overweigh centers teach obese individuals?
10. By what can weight reduction best be secured?
Exercise 10. Join the parts of the sentence in the column A with the correct ones in the column B.
| 1. Overweight will result in … 2. The obese individuals are more likely to succumb to premature death from … 3. Furthermore, they suffer from … 4. The prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is … 5. A daily caloric intake exceeds the … 6. A positive energy balance may be due to … 7. The overweight of persons past middle life is almost always the result of … 8. The person must be convinced that… 9. The daily consumption of food should be … 10. The body will … | 1. …the "normal" gain of weight with increasing age is injurious. 2. …the energy requirement of the body. 3. …unnecessary fatigue, heat intolerance, and arthritis, as well as other serious discomforts. 4. …a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine. 5. …burn the excess fat in place of food. 6. …slightly less than the energy demands of the body. 7. …a definite shortening of the normal life span. 8. …coronary thrombosis, diabetes, or infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis, as well as many other diseases. 9…. dietary habits. 10. …the decreased energy output of the individual. |
Exercise 11. Put questions to the underlined members of sentences.
1. In many instances, overweight will result in a definite shortening of the normal life span.
2. The obese individual suffers from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis, as well as from other serious discomforts.
3. The prevention of obesity and the retention of normal weight is a matter of importance in the field of preventive medicine.
4. The important factor in production of overweight is a daily caloric intake which exceeds the energy requirement of the body.
5. A positive energy balance may be due to a variety of causes.
6. The overweight of persons past middle life is almost always the result of the decreased energy output of the individual.
7. Probably the most common cause of overweight is the fact that individuals overeat because they enjoy food, and do not realize that there is any risk in overindulgence.
8. The body will burn the excess fat in place of food.
Exercise 12. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense. Translate them into Russian.
1. Overweight, particularly in individuals past middle life, is a burden which a person (to carry) about quite without necessity.
2. Positive energy balances (to be due to) a variety of causes.
3. Obese individuals are more likely (to succumb) to premature death from coronary thrombosis, from diabetes, or from infections, such as pneumonia or cholecystitis.
4. The obese individuals (to suffer) from unnecessary fatigue, from heat intolerance, and from arthritis.
5. It’s known that a daily caloric intake (to exceed) the energy requirement of the body.
6. They knew, that some people (to tend) to eat excessive amounts of starchy or fatty foods.
7. People over 50 eat as much as they did at 20, although their activity (to be greatly curtailed).
8. Preventions of overweight centers (to teach) each individual that overweight, particularly with increasing age, is an unnecessary hazard to a normal life.
Exercise 13. Match Russian word combinations in column A with English ones in the column B.
A B
надлишкова вага caloric food
тяжкий тягар (ноща) excessive amount
тривалість життя premature death
передчасна смерть overweight
нетерпимість тепла heavy burden
профілактика ожиріння dietary habits
калорійна їжа life span
дієтичні звички prevention of obesity
надмірна кількість heat intolerance
Exercise 14. Translate into English:
1. Відомо, що тучність зустрічається у людей після 40 років.
2. Напевне, що ожиріння зможе вплинути, в большій ступені, на скорочення тривалості життя.
3. Виявилось, що причиною раптової смерті цього гладкого пацієнта був коронарний тромбоз.
4. Навряд чи, людина з нормальною вагою, буде страждати від ожиріння.
5. Стверджують, що підтримка нормальної ваги та профілактика ожиріння є головним завданням превентивной медицини.
6. Безсумнівно, що у людини, котра споживає велику кількість жирной їжі, порушиться енергетичний баланс.
7. Вважають, что люди переїдають, тому, що вони насолоджуються їжею, при цьому, вони не усвідомлюють, що це може призвести до зловживання.
8. Певно, що цьому гладкому пацієту назначать низькокалорійну дієту, котра не буде вміщувати великої кількості жиру і крохмалю.
9. Навряд чи, організм зможе спалити таку велику кількість жиру самостійно.
10. Відомо що, для того, щоб дієта була сбалансованою людям, схильним до ожиріння, не рекомендують вживати висококалорійну їжу кожного дня.
Exercise 15. Explain the following diseases in English:
Diabetes
Pneumonia
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| Fill in prepositions where necessary. | | | Cholecystitis |