Causes in either sex

Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are:

· General factors

o Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disease

· Hypothalamic-pituitary factors

· Environmental factors

o Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides. Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.

Common causes of infertility of females include:

· ovulation problems

· tubal blockage

· age-related factors

· uterine problems

· previous tubal ligation

· endometriosis

The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality.

Medical treatments

Medical treatment of infertility generally involves the use of fertility medication, medical device, surgery, or their combination. If conservative medical treatment fails to achieve a full term pregnancy, the physician may suggest the patient undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF and related techniques are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques.

Prevention

· Some cases of infertility may be avoided by doing the following:

· Avoid drugs and medications known to cause fertility problems.

· Avoid excessive exercise.

· Avoid exposure to environmental hazards such as pesticides.

· Get early treatment for sexually transmitted diseases.

· Have regular physical examinations to detect early signs of infections or abnormalities.

· Keep diseases, such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, under control.

· Avoid smoking.

· Limit caffeine and alcohol intake.

· Practice stress management.

· Use birthcontrol to prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortion.

5. Answer the questions:

1. What is infertility?

2. What are the causes of infertility in either sex?

3. What are the causes of infertility in women?

4. What is the main cause of male infertility?

5. What does the medical treatment of infertility involve?

6. When is a couple considered to be infertile?

7. What does prevention include?

6. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Sometimes conservative medical treatment fails to achieve a full term pregnancy.

2. In vitro fertilization and related techniques are called assisted reproductive technology.

3. Many biological causes of infertility may be bypassed with medical intervention.

4. Many factors can cause infertility.

5. Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile.

6. Medical treatment of infertility involves the use of medications, medical device and surgery.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16