Exercise 9. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true to the text.

1. When a stone enters and obstructs the ureter, renal colic does not occur.

2. Intermittent or persistent obstruction to the flow of urine leads to stasis, infection, hydronephrosis and renal destruction.

3. Calcium oxalate stones usually are small, white, rough and not hard.

4. The pain in case of calculi originates in the back or flank and radiates across the abdomen and into the groin.

5. There may be only nausea and vomiting in calculi.

6. A mild infection develops in the cortex of the kidney.

7. Migration of a stone may cause obstruction.

Exercise 10. Give the English equivalents:

Повна втрата, випадок, дрібна галька, повторна закупорка, нестерпний біль, болючисть, ниркова різь, клінічні проявлення,, часте сечовипускання, ниркове руйнування, обстеження нирок, течия сечі, блювання, потіння, стегно, застій, поступово, сечовід, пах, черевні м’язи.

Exercise 11. Find antonyms to the following words:

1. acute hard

2. destruction to be absent

3. bilateral to regress

4. microscopic formation

5. soft lateral

6. to progress severe

7.to be present macroscopic

Exercise 12. Make the following sentences interrogative:

1. The manifestations of renal calculi are extremely variable.

2. In many instances stones are carried in the kidneys for years.

3. Persistent or repeated obstruction leads to pyonephrosis or hydronephrosis.

4. Calcium oxalate stones usually are small, dark, rough and hard.

5. Migration of a stone may cause obstruction with resultant stasis.

6. The excruciating pain originates in the back of flank.

7. A mild infection develops in the pelvis.

Exercise 13. Read the definition and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets:

1. Any non-inflammatory degenerative kidney disease - …..

2. Pain in a kidney - ….

3. A medical instrument for examination the urethra - ….

4. Inflammation of the urethra - ….

5. Surgical removal of a kidney - ….

6. Plastic surgery on the pelvis - ….

7. Any pelvis disease - ….

(Pyeloplasty, nephrosis, urethritis, nephralgia, urethroscope, pyelitis, nephrectomy)

Exercise 14. Insert modal verbs:

1. If the stone is large, the infection …. progress to pyonephrosis.

2. You … check up your kidneys. Your urinalysis is not good.

3. Examination of the kidneys … reveal slight soreness over the involved kidney.

4. If the obstruction to the flow of urine is bilateral, anuria and uremia … occur.

5. You … be hospitalized immediately because of renal colic.

6. … I take your temperature?

7. You … go for a walk every day to improve your health after uretoplasty.

Exercise 15. Explain the following terms in English:

a) pyelonephritis

b) haematuria

c) urine

d) albuminuria

Infertility

1. Topic vocabulary:

To refer to - стосуватися

To conceive - зачати

To bypass - обходити

Glue - клей

Volatile solvents –летючий розчинник

Fertilization - запліднення

2. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

Biological inability, to carry a pregnancy to a full term, medical intervention, thyroid disorders,

environmental factors, chemical dusts, common causes, tubal blockage, age-related factors, previous tubal ligation, in vitro fertilization, a full term pregnancy

4. Read and translate the text:

Infertility

Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a person to conceive. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological causes of infertility, some of which may be bypassed with medical intervention.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16