Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец: Mr. Smith... (to go) home.

Mr. Smith may have gone home.- Мистер Смит, возможно, ушел домой.

1. The storm... (to delay) the plane.

2. I... (to be) John or It... (to be) Mary who told them about it.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальное сказуемое:

1. They might have already returned from the expedition.

2. She ought to have known this rule better.

4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия:

1. I remember having seen this device at our plant.

2. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him.

3. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey.

4. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.

5.The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily for having helped him.

6.We are looking forward to seeing you again.

7. He has always dreamt of visiting other countries.

5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя ге­рундий:

1. Я очень люблю рисовать.

2. Я не могла не согласиться с ним.

3.Он рассмеялся.

4.Мне что-то не хочется сегодня играть в лото.

5. Благодарю вас, что вы прислали мне такие красивые цветы.

6. Его обвинили в том, что он продал важные государственные секреты.

6. Замените придаточные предложения герундиальным оборотом, употребив пред­логи, данные в скобках:

Образец: Before we start an experiment, we collect the necessarv data, (before) - Before starting an experiment, we collect the necessary data.

1. You will never know mathematics well unless you work hard at it. (without)

2. When I complete my work, I shall inform you of the fact. (on)

7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герун­диальный оборот:

1.I had no idea of his leaving St Petersburg so soon.

2. The librarian did not object to the reader keeping the book one day longer.

3. I was surprised at her son having tidied up the room so quickly.

8. Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль­ными оборотами, вводя их, где необходимо, предло­гами, данными в скобках после предложения:

1. When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing. (on)

2.The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once. (on) 3.There was little hope that James would return on the same day. (of)

9. Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль­ными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо, соот­ветствующие предлоги:

1. Tom was afraid that he might be late.

2. When the young man graduat­ed from Harvard, he returned to Russia.

3. After we had passed our exams, we had a very entertaining evening.

10. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия:

1. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle.

2. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the perform­ance had already begun.

3. Hearing the sounds of music, we stopped talking.

4.Nobody saw the things kept in that box.

5. We stopped before a shut door.

6. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room.

11. Замените придаточные предложения времени причастными оборотами:

1. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the marketplace.

2. He has no lan­guage problems, because he has been studying En­glish for a long time.

3. After I had written this exer­cise, Ibegan to doubt whether it was correct.

12. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причас­тия:

1. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.

2. "How do you like the film?" he asked, (turning, turned) towards me.

3. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (coming, come) towards us.

4. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.

13. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:

1. College courses finished, all the graduates get work according to their speciality.

2. The new methods having been introduced, the productivity of labour at the plant went up.

3. Pale-lipped, his heart beating fast, Andrew followed the secretary.

4. Jack sat silent, his long legs stretched out.

14. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя не­зависимый причастный оборот:.

1. Было очень темно, так как на небе не было ни одной звездочки.

2. Когда солнце село, туристы развели костер.

3. Так как было очень поздно, собрание было закрыто.

15. Определите, чем в предложении является ing-форма (причастием, герундием, отглагольным существительным):

1. I shall look forward to seeing you again.

2. The building of this house will cost much money.

3. Sleeping is neces­sary.

4. We felt so disappointed at your having missed nearly half the programme.

16. Употребите сказуемое в следующих предложениях в Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не has worked at the plant for many years.

He has been working at the plant for many years.

Он работает на этом заводе в течение многих лет.

1. They have been discussing the matter all day long.

2. You have been studying English a long time.

3. It has been raining like this for an hour.

17. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на времена группы Perfect Continuous (Progressive):

1. Have you been looking through these magazines long?

2. They will have been working at this problem not less than two years if they complete it this year.

18. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, об­ращая внимание на времена группы Indefinite (Simple):

Образец: They build many new houses every year.

Many new houses are built every year.

1. They did not adopt the resolution yesterday.

2. The teacher will examine the students next week.

19. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на времена группы Continuous (Progressive):

Образец: They are building a new house in our street.

A new house is being built in our street.

1. They were discussing this problem when we came in.

2. The students are writing a dictation now.

20. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, об­ращая внимание на времена группы Perfect:

Образец: They have built a new house in our street.

A new house has been built in our street.

1. Russian scientists have made many wonderful discoveries.

2. They will have published this book by the end of the year.

21. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глагола should:

1. You should learn as many new words as possible.

2. You should ask permission before doing it.

3. He should take more physical exercises.

22. Переведите текст, составьте 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

Metal Cutting

Cutting is one of the oldest arts practiced in the stone age, but the cutting of metals was not found possible until the 18th century, and its detailed study started about a hundred years ago.

Now in every machine-shop you may find many ma­chines for working metal parts, these cutting machines are generally called machine-tools and are extensively used in many branches of engineering.

Fundamentally all machine-tools remove metal and can be divided into the following categories:

1. Turning machines (lathes).

2. Drilling machines.

3. Boring machines.

4. Milling machines.

5. Grinding machines.

Machining of large-volume production parts is best accomplished by screw machines. These machines can do turning, threading, facing, boring and many other opera­tions. Machining can produce symmetrical shapes with smooth surfaces and dimensional accuracies not general­ly attainable by most fabrication methods.

Screw-machined parts are made from bar stock or tub­ing fed intermittently and automatically through rapidly rotating hollow spindles. The cutting tools are held on turrets and tool slides convenient to the cutting locations. Operations are controlled by cams or linkages that posi­tion the work, feed the tools, hold them in position for the proper time, and then retract the tools. Finished pieces are automatically separated from the raw stock and dropped into a container.

Bushings, bearings, nuts, bolts, studs, shafts and many other simple and complex shapes are among the thousands of products produced on screw machines. Screw machining is also used to finish shapes produced by other forming and shaping processes.

Most materials and their alloys can be machined — some with ease, others with difficulty. Machinability involves three factors:

1. Ease of chip removal.

2. Ease of obtaining a good surface finish.

3. Ease of obtaining good tool life.

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