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– black liquor 967
– kraft cooking extractives 182–183
– softwoods 36
Fe2+ ion concentration 815
Feed consistency 529
– centrifugal cleaning operating parameters
– in relation to relative pressure washer
Capacity 533
– pulp washing parameter 532–533
– screening operating parameters 577
Feeding hydraulics, chain grinder 1092
Feedwater, kraft recovery boiler 985
Fenton-type reactions 854
– hydrogen peroxide 710
– superoxide-driven 669
Fiber analyzers, pulp 1274
Fiber bundle, kraft cooked 60
Fiber concentration
– in relation to permeability, porosity and
Specific surface 514
– in relation to specific drainage resistance
Fiber content, minimum recycled 1196
fiber–fiber bonding 473
fiber fractionation 591–592
– screening 1274
– tensile index 1139
Fiber length 1273
– concept of Bouchard 799
– fractionation 1051
– in relation to fiber passage ratio 571, 578
– spruce pulp 1020
Fiber loss
– grinding 1083
– relation to contaminant removal efficiency
598–599
Fiber passage
– screening theory 566–570
– selective 570–572
Fiber passage ratio 566
– as function of aperture velocity 576
– as function of fiber length 571, 578
– as function of hole size 578
– as function of screening zone length 569
Fiber removal
– efficiency 590–591
– from black liquor 371, 380
Fiber saturation point 126, 1053
Fiber slurry, pulp 1281
Fiber strength 1019
– pulp viscosity 842
Fiber swelling, limitation 934
Fiber tenacity, hemicellulose concentration
Fiber wall
– hemicelluloses distribution 1048–1051
Index 1311
– model of contact with external solution
– thickness distributions after centrifugal
Cleaning 585
Fibers
– agricultural fibers 4
– cell components 46
– cell dimensions and chemical
Composition 4
– cellulose 1047
– commercial paper pulp 1021
– compression forces 1275
– defibration 1083
– deflocculation 562
– deformation 1137
– deliberation 1113
– dimensions 1021, 1272–1275
– dry 1267, 1277
– Fagus sylvatica 45
– FSP see fiber saturation point
– hardwoods 4, 123–124
– heterogeneity 123
– hornification 1284
– identification 1269–1271
– material consumption, paper production
– morphology 180–181, 1051–1052,
1269–1271
– nano-structure 59–61
– native fibers 1047
– nonwood 9, 13
– oxygen 688
– ozone 807
– pits 123
– polymer components 1257
– polynosic-type 1027
– properties 1269–1280
– rattan 50
– recycled 1147–1210
– regenerated 7, 1047
– selective passage (screening theory)
570–572
– single see single fibers
– softening 1080–1083
– softwoods 4, 123
– specific surface 514, 1267
– strength properties 1036–1037
– stress-strain characteristics 1277
– suspended 1272
– viscose 1036–1037, 1061
– wet 1275–1277
– width 1273–1274
– wood cells 49
– X-ray diagrams 1264
– xylan 180–181
– see also pulp fibers
Fibrillar morphology, pulp 1047
fibrillar structure, cellulose 41–42
Fibrous bark, ring debarkers 77
Fick’s laws of diffusion
– first 142–143, 220, 517
– second 138, 152, 219, 518
Field emission-SEM 60
Filtrate concentration
– degree of closure 892–893
– open bleaching stage 892
Filtrate separator 990
Filtration behavior, pulp 1281
Filtration pressure, in relation to relative
Pressure washer capacity 536
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