Студопедия
Случайная страница | ТОМ-1 | ТОМ-2 | ТОМ-3
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатика
ИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханика
ОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторика
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансы
ХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

Reducing end

Читайте также:
  1. Groups. The carbonyl groups originate from the reducing endgroups and oxidized
  2. Peeling Reactions Starting from the Reducing End-Groups
  3. Steam side of the heating element and adversely affect heat transfer by reducing

Non-reducing end n-3 repeating unit

.)_ ___ &__ _______ _ __ ___ __ _________

___ __ ___ ____ __ ________ _ ________ ________ __ ___ /A _____(_

_____ _ ____________ ___ ___________ __ ___;8% __ ___ _______ _ ____ _

____ __ __ ____ __ ___ A/_ _____ __ ___ ___________ ___ ____ _____(_

_____ __ __ _______ ___________ _____ ___ ________ ___ __ _____ __ (__

__ _____ _

/_____________ __ __ ______ __ _____________ "EH# __ >@D __ "_____# _____

_______ __ ___ _________ _____ _ _______ ____ _____ ___ EH_ -_____ ______

___ "EH J<2# _____ ____ __ ____________ _ _____ _ _______ ____ _____ __

_____ ______ _____ _________ _

/______ _ ____ ____ ____ _____ ___ _______ ____ ___ K____L ________

_________ ___ _ _____ __ __ __ ___ _ ______ _________ "_______ __ ______

___#_ ____ _______ _ __ ______ ____ _ ___ ___________ ____ ____(__ _____

_______ _ _ ______ __ ___ _______________ __ ____ _ E_____ _______ __

________ ______ __ _____ _____________ _ ___ ____(__ __ _______

_____ _ __ ______ _ __ __________ "___ ____ _______ __ ________ __ _(______

________ ______ __ _______ __ __.______ 1_A#_

;_______ ___ ________ ________ __ _______ _ ____ __ __ _____ ______ ___

___________ __________ ___ _______ _ _ _(_______ ______(__ ____

__ __________ _______ ____ _ ________ ______ __ ____ _________ ____ __

________ ____ _ ______ ______ ___ __ _______ _ ____ "____________# __ ___

_____ _________ ____ "_____________#_ ___ ___ ____ __ ____________ ________

____ _ __ ____ _______ ____ _____ __ ____ ______ __ ___________ _D__2 _

_____________ ____ __ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ ________ __ ___________ _____

___ _ ___ ___ ______ _____ __ ______ "+___ 1_1#_

________' "__ ________ "_ ____ _

___ ____ ____ __ _____________ ________ ____ __ _______ _ __ ___ __ ___

______(__________ _____ __ ____ _ __ ___ ____ ___ _F_____ __ __ _________ _

___ ___________ _______ _ ________ __ __ __ ______ __ _ __ ___ _ _ __ _____

______ ________ _ ______ _ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ ___ _________ ____ ____

_____________ ________ ____ _ _____ __ _ _____ ____ ________ __ _______ ____

_________ __ ___ ______ _ ___ _ __ _______ __ ___________ ________ __

_______ _ __1 _.___ ______ _______ _____ __ ________ __ K___ ______L_ ____

____ _(_____ __ _____ M___ ______) __ ________ ______ __ __ ______ K____

____ L_ _______ _ _ ______ _______ ___ ____ ______ ______ __ _____

__ ______ _____ ____ "______ _______ _______ _# __< _ +________ _____

_/

_ __ ________ ___ ____

.)_ ___ (_ _$ __ __ _________ _____ __ _____ __

________ (____ # __ ________ ((___ _ # ______ _ ____#_

__ ___ _______ _ ___ __ ________ ____ ______ ___ ______ ___ _?<2 __A __ ___

____ ______ ___ _?>2 __= _

*___ ___ ______ _______ _ _____ __ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _ __

___ _ ____ __ ________ ___ ______ ___________ _________ ______ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ _______ ____ ___ ____ (_ _ _____ _ ___ __ ___ _@__A_______ __

___ _______ _ ______ _ +__ _ __ ______ __ _?DA __3 _______ _ ___ _ __ ____

________ __ _</_/H$;. *$G ______ ___ __ _ ___(_ _ ______ ____ _______ _ __

_____ __ __ __ __> _ ___ ____ __ __N__ __ ___ ____ ___ _ ______ __ ___ _____

_________ _____ ___ __ __ _ __________ __ ______ __ _____ __ __ __

___ ______ __ ___________ ________ __ _______ _ ___ _____ _ ___ ________

________ __ ______ __ ____;_ __ ______ ____ _______ __ ______ __ ______

____ _______ _ ____ ___ ______ _____ __ _______ _ __ __ ____ ________

__ ___ __ _____ __ ___ _ __ _____ __ ______ ______ __ _____ __ ___ ____ ____

____ __D _

/______ _ __ __ __ _______ __ __________ ___ _____ H1_ _________ ___

_______ ___ ______________ __ _____ ____ __? _ ___ _______ _ __ ____ _ _______

__ __ _ _________ ____ _____ ___ _____(_______ _____ __ ______ _____"

____ "__#_ ______ __ ____________ ________ ____ _______ '_1"-# __ '_3_

______ ___ _____ _ ____ _ '____ -_____ __ ______ _______ '_<"-# __ '_=_

____ _______ '_3"-# __ '_<_ ___ _______ _ _________ "_____ ___ ___ __ _____

_0

___ ____

____ __ ____ ____ ____# _ ___ _____ _______ __ ___ __________ _____ __ ___ ______

__ _ _________ G________ ___ ___ __ ________ __ _______ _ _ ____ ___ ________

____ ______ __ ____ _(___ ____ ___ ______ _12_1_ %

/______ _ ___ ___ ____ ____ _________ __ __ _______ __ ___ _________ ____

__ _! ____________ __ ___________ ____ ________ G__________ _____

______ ___ __ _______ __ _______ _ __ _ _________ _____ __ ___ ________ __

______ ___ ____ ________ ____ __ _____ _____ _______ _ __ ____ ___________

_ ____ __ _______ ______ ___________ $___________ __ _______ _ _ @ ___ _ _

________ ____ _____ _____ _____(___ @ ____ _____ _______ _ _ _ ______

_______ _____ _ __ ________ ________ __ _______ _ __ ____ _____________ $___

_________ _____ _______ ______ _______ __ ___________ _____ _____ ___

___(____ ________ __ _ ____ __ _____ _________ _1_ _ & __ __ _______ _______

__________ M___ __ ___ _ 5___ __ __ _1_ ____ ___ ___ __________ _______ _ _

__________ ____ _________ __ __________ ____ ____ ____ _________ ________

____ __ ___ ____ _ ___ ____ ___ _____(_______ _____ __ ____ ____ ________

_____ ___ ___ __ ____________ E__ __ ___ ______ ___ _______ __ _________

___ ______ ____ __ _______ _ _ ____ ___ _________ ____ _______ __ _______ _

__ ______ __ _____________ __ _ _ _ _____ __ ___ _______ _ __ _ ______

________ _11_1< _,__ ______ ___ _________ _____ ____ _____ ___ _________

_____ _ @ ___ @ __ ____ _ ___ __ ___ _ ___

___ ________ ____ _______ __ _______ _ __ _ ____ ______(_______ __ ___

__ _______ _ _ " __ _ _ +___ 1_1#! +___ _______ __________ ___ _ _ _ _________

____ ____________ ________ ____ _ __ ____ __ ____ ____ _______ '< ___

_____ __ '= __ '3 ___ _______ _ _____________ ________ ____ __ ___

____ _______ '1 __ '3_ +__________ -_____ _______ ___ ______ __ ______

____ __ _ _ _____ __ _1A _

___ _____ _______ _ _________ "_____ ______ _7__ __ _7__# __ _______ __ _____

________ __ _______ _ __ __ __ __ ____ _____ __________ ___ ________ __ ____

____ _ __ __ _________ _ ____ _________ ____ _______ _1= _ +_____ 1_<

___ ______ __ __ ___ ______ __ ___ ___ ______ ______ __ _______ _ __ __ __

____ _______ _______ _ _____ _________

(a) (b) (c)

.)_ __$)*__ __ __ ___ _____ _ __ __ _#+ _____ __$

_____,_$_$__$_$_$-__. ___,#$_$_$-__/__ _____ _#!

__# ________ (_! __ _# ________ (_ __0__

_1

_ __ ________ ___ ____

_______ #___________

-__________ _ __ __________ _______ _ __ ______ ____ _______ _ __ ___ ____

___ _ _ __ ____ ___ _______ _ __ __ ___ ________ __ __ _____ ________

_ _ ____ EH __ =2___122_ ___ ___ ____ "_______ ___ # _____ __ ___

___________ ________ __ ___________ _ "______ ___ ___ ________ _____ #

__ __ ________ ____ _____ ___ _____ _ "_ (___ _ __ _____ _ ____ #_

__(_ _ "_ _____ _ __ ____ _ ____ #_ __(______ ___ "_ __________ ___# __

___(____(_ _ "_ _____ _ ____ #_ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ ___________ _ __

___ _ _ __ ____ ___ ____ "___________) _____ (___ #_ __ __ ___ __ ____ ____ "____

__________) _____ _________ # "+___ 1_A#_.___ __ ___ ____ __ ___ "__ ____

____ # ___ _____ __ ___ ____ "_______#_ ___ _(____ A_&_________________

____ _____ __

HO

O O

O

O O

RO O O

OR

HO OH HO HO OH OH

O

O

OH

HO

MeO

COOH

OH O

HO

HO

O

O O

O

O O

RO O O

OR

HO OH HO HO OH OH

O

O

OH

HO

MeO

COOH

O O

O

O O

RO O O

OR

OH

HO HO

OH

HO

OH

OH OH OH OH

OH HO

O

HO

OH

OH

HO

O

HO

OH

OR

O O

O

O O

RO O O

OH

HO HO

OH

AcO

OH

OH OH OH

AcO HO

O

O

OH

Hardwood xylan (a)

Softwood xylan (b)

Hardwood glucomannan (c)

Softwood glucomannan (d)

.)_ __- _______ _ __ ___ __ 1____ __ ________ __

___$ __ ___ ______ _# 2______ 1___! __# ___ ____ 1___!

_# _______ _______! __# ___ ____ ________

_2

___ ____

_____ __ _ _ _________ __________ _______ _______ __ _______ __ ____

____ __ ___ ____ __ _______ __ ___ ____ ___________ _ __ ___ ____ ____ ___ _

4___ _____ __ ___ ________ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ _____ __ _ ______ ___

_______ __ ____ __________ __ ____ _ ____ __ ____ _____ _ ____

___ _______ _ ____ _ _______ __ ____ __________ __ (___ _ ____ __

____ _____ _____ ___ _______ "___ 1_=#_

____ __/ 3__ _____ ___ _ __ __ _____________ __ ______ _____ ____ __ ____ _0_#_

"_____ ___

_!

3+_

_!

*__

_!

4 _

_!

5 __ ___

_!

___

_!

4___+_____

_!

._______

_____ ________ _2 =_1 __2 ___ A_D @ __A

_____ _____ ___= =__ 3__ 1_2 1_1 @ @

___ _____ _<_3 =_3 1_D __1 __D 2_< @

___ _______?_A 3_2 1_2 __= =__ @ __<

___ ______ D__ >_2 <_D __> =_1 __1

___ __________ _1_A >_3 __? __= =_2 @ __3

____ _________ _2_3 <_< __D __2 A_> @ __A

-______

___ ____ <_< _D__ __2 __2 A_? <_3

_____ _______ <_1 1A_? 2_> 2_A <_3 2_3 @

____ ________ 2_? _?_2 __A 2_> A_D 2_= @

_______ ________ <_D _D_< 2_? 2_3 3_2 2_= @

____ __________ <_= 1__1 ___ 2_? <_> @ <_?

'___ ________ <_A _=__ 2_? 2_A A_> @ <_2

__ A_&_$_______________ ____

__ _______ _ ___ _____ ____ __ ____ _ ________ ______ ____ _____ __

A_&_________________ ___ ____ _ __"__1#______ ____ ______ _ ___ (___ _ ____

"+___ 1_A# _1> _ +___________ ___ __ ___ '-______ _ /1 __ /< __ ___ (___ _

____ __ __ _______ __ &______ _____ _________ &_______A_&_______________

__(____ ___ ___ ___________ _ _________ __ _______ "_2@<=C#_ &_ ___ ___

___ ____ _ _______ (___ ______ ___ _____ __ _____ _ __ ________

___ ____ +______ _____ _____ ___ ___ ________ ___ __ (___ ___ _ _ __ ____

_______ __ (___ __ _____ _ __ __________ ___ ____ _____ _ ___ __ __

_6

_ __ ________ ___ ____

__ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ __ _ ____ __ ___ (___ _________ ___ __________ ___

___ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ __ ___ ________ (___ _ ____ _1D _ __ _______ ____

____ (___ ______ ____ _______ (___ __ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ __ __ ___

___ ____ __ _____ _ ____ ______ __ __"__<#______ ____ ____ __ ___ (___ ____

____ "+___ 1_A_#_ ___ _ ___ _______ (___ __ ______A_&________________(__

__ __ _ _____ _____ ____ _2 __ _=C_

(______ ____ ____ __ ___________ __ _____________ _______ ___ _ ____

__ ____ _ __ _____ _ ____ " _______ _________ #_ ___ _____ _ ________

_ ____ __ _______ _________ _ ____ ___ _ _ ____ __ _____ _ __ ___

__ _ ____ ______ __ "__"__A# _____ ____ ____ _______ _______ _______ ____

"+___ 1_A_#_._______ ______ ____ _=@12C "1=C# ____ ___ ___ _ _ __ ____

______ _______ __ _____ _____ _____ __ _____ _ __ ____ __ _______

_______ &____________________ "+___ 1_A_# _3 _

__ _______ __ _______ _ __ ___________ _ _ ____ ______ _____ ____ ____

____ _ _____ ____ ____ _____ ____ __ _______

)_____ ___ ___ __ ___ ____ _______ __ _____ ___ _ _ __ ___ _________!

"# ___ _____ ____ _) __ "_# ___ _______ ___________ ____ __ ___ ____ ______

___ _______ __ ___ _ _ __ __________ ___ _______ ______ ___ ___ __ _______ __

___ _____ _ ____ __ ____ _ __ ______ __ __"__A#______ ____ ____) __ ________

___ __"__3#______ ____ ______ __ _ _ ___ ____ ___ _______ ____ ______ __ _ ___

__ _____ ___ _____ _ ________ ___ ___________ ______ ________ _____ _ _

E__ __ ___ ______ ___ _____ _ ____ __ ______ _ _ ____ __ ____ _12O __ __ _

__ ___ __ ___ __ ______ ________ __ ___ ____ ________ ____ _(_____ _

____ ___ _____.____ _________ _(_ _ ____ __ ____ __ ______ __ ___ ______

_3 _ *________ _ ___ ____ ____ _ __ ___ __ ___ ______ _1? _

____ _ ____ ______ __ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ __ _ ______ ____ ______

___ ______ ___ __ ____ ___________ '_ _______ _ _ ______ _ ____ ___ ____

_______ ___ __ _____ ________ __ _____ _ __ _____ __ ___ ______ _____

____ __ ___ ______ _______ ___ _ _ __ _____________ _____ ____ ______

___ __ ____ ______ _______ __________ ____ _ ___ _______ __ _____ _ ____

__ __ __ _____ __ _____ _ _____ __ __________ _____ ______ __

'_A __ _____ __ __ ____ _ H_____ __ ____ __ _____ ______ _ ___ _ _______

__ _____ __ _______ ____ ___ ____ ___ __ _______ ____ ________ _<2 _ $_______

____ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ __ _____ ____ _ ___ ____ __ _ _

________ __ ___ ___ _ ___ __ ____ ______________ _<__<1 _

______' ()__

______'__ ")_______ ___,___ ____

___ _____ _F__ ____ ___ _______ _ _______ *_(_ __ _______ __ ______ _ ___ __ _

______ __ ________ _________ ______ __ ____ __ ____ _ __ _ ________ _

___ _______ __ ____________ _________ __ ___ __ __ __ ______ ____ ___

____________ __ ___________ "_____ ____ __ ____ ____ #_ _____ __

________ _____ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _________ ___ ______ ___ ____ __ ______

$7

___ ____

___ _______ _3 _ ___ _____ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _________ ____ _ _____ ___

____ 4___ _ __ ____ _____ ___ ______ _______ ____ ____ 12 __ A2C_ _____

__ ________ ____ ____ ____ ___ _____________ __ __ _________

_<< _;___________ ___ __ _________ __ ______ ______ ___ ____ ___ __ ___ ______ ____

____ __ _________ ___ __ ____ __ ___ ________ +__ _(_____ ____ _____ __

______ __ ________ ___ ___ _______ ______ __ ______ ___ ____ _<A _

__ __ _ _ _ __ ____ ___________ ______ _ _ __ _ _________ ___ __ ____

____ ___ _ '___ __ ___ _ _ __ _______ __ ________ _ ______ ____ __ __

____ __ ____ ____ __ _______ __ ______ ____ _ _____ ______ ____ ________

_____ _____ ___ _______ __ ______ _____ _ _

______'__ "_ ____ _ _ ()__

5_____ _ ______(________ _______ ______ __ _____ ________ _______ __

_____ _____ _____(________ ______ __ __________ "+___ 1_=#! _________

"A______(_________#_ _________ "<______(__A______(_________#_ __ _____ "<_=_

_______(__A______(_________# _______ _____ __ _____ ____ _ ___ __________

_____ _____ _<=_<3 _ ___ ______(________ __ ______ __ _ ____ __ ___ _____

_ _ _ __ _____ ___ _ _ ___ _ ____________ _____ ____________ __ _____(_

_____ __ __________ ________ __ _________ ______ _ ___ _____ _ __ ___

__________ "______ __ # __ ___ ________ __ ______ ____________ ______ _

__________ __________ __ _______ _______ _____ __ ____ _(___ ____

______ __ _________ _______ _<<_<3@<D _;________ __ ___ ___ _<? _ ___ _____

_________ __ ___ __________ _ ___ ______ __ _______ ________ _ ___ _________

___! "# ___ ________ __ __________ _____ __ ________ ____(___ __ ____(__

_ _ __ ___ _ __ _(____ _A2) "_# ___ __________ __ ________ __ ________ ____

____ _______ __ ________ __ ___ _____) "_# _______ __ _____ ______ __ _______

____ __ ___ _______ _______ _<<_A_) __ "_# ________ __ ______ _____ __

______ __ __________ __ ________ ____ __________ _____ __ _____ ___ ___

___________ ___ ____ __ _____________ __ __ _______ __ ______ _____ __ ___

___ ____ ___________ __ ___ ________ ___ ___ _ _______ __ ___ ________ __ _____

______ _____ __ __'_A_ __=_ __ ___ _____ "+___ 1_=_#_ _____ __ ___ __(_

___ __ _____________ _________ ________ __ _____ _ _______ __ _______

; __ ____ _______ ____________ _ ______ _____ _ _____ __ __ ____ _____

___ __ ___ __ _____ _ _______ __ ___ _____ ___ _A1 _

7______ __ ___ _______ ________ __ ______ __ _ __ __ ___ __________ __

___ _____ __________ ________ ____ _______ "8#_ _______ ".# __ _______(_____

___ "-# ____ "+___ 1_=#_ __ _________ ____ _____ ____ __ _________ __ __

__ ___ ____ ___ ____ _ 4____ _________ ______ ___ _ _ _____ __ _______

______ "A______(__<______(_____________# ____ "8#_ _______ ______ _ _

______ __ __ =2C _______ "<_=________(__A______(_______# _____ ".#_ 8_____ ____

___ "8_______ # __ ____________ ___________ __ _________ ____________ _______

______________ "8._______ # __ _____ __ __ _____ ___ __ ___ ______ ______

______ __ _______ __ _______ __ ___ _____ __ _______(_______ ____ _

$_

_ __ ________ ___ ____

& __ __ _(___ __ _</_*$G ______ _____ ___ _______ _ ___ ______ __ _________

_____ __ __ _ ______ __ __ <2C_______(_____________ "-# ____ _ __ __ __ _

______ ___ 8.- ______ ____ ___ ______ __ ___________ "8._______ # _<= _

OH

OMe

OH OH

MeO OMe

p -hydroxyphenylpropane

Unit

Guaiacylpropane

Unit

Syringylpropane

Unit

O

OMe

O

O

OH

O

O HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

HO

OMe

OMe

OMe

MeO

OMe

á -O-4

â â ' â -O-4

â -1

O-5

â -5

5-5.

(a)

(b)

.)_ __/ _# _______ _ __ ___ __ __ ___ ____________

_______ ___*_ __ __ ____ __# _____ __ _____ _ __ ___

___* __ _________ _____ ___ __ ____ _,'_#_

$_

___ ____

;_______ _______ "_________ # ______ __ ________ __ ______ _____ ____

_____ __ ______ 8!.!- ____ __ __ ____ ___ _________ _______ _____ _ E_ _____

____ ____ ____ ________ ___ _____ " ___ _____# "8!.!- P?=!_!=# __ ___ ____

" ___ _____# ______ "8!.!- P D3!1!_<# _AA _ ___ _______ ____ __ _______ "____

___ ___ ____# _ ___ ____ ______ ______ _______ ___ _____ ____ ___ _ _

___ _______ ______ _________ __ - ____ "__ __ >2C# ___ _____ _______

8_______ _ __ __ _________ __ __ _____ 8-_______ _3_<A _

-______ __ ___________ __ ______ ________ __ ______ _____ _____ ___

_______ _ ___ _______ _______ __ ___ ______ _______ 8._______ ___ _______

12 __ 32C_ __ ___ ____ _ ___ _____ __ ________ ____ __ ________

"_2@3=C#_; __ _____ ____ ___ _____ "____ ________# ______ _ ____ __ *___ _A=

"8!.!- P =3!A2!A#_ '____ _(____ __ ______ _____________ __ ___ ______ _______

_______ _____ __ ___ ________ __ _______ _______ __ ___ _____ _______

_____ _A3 __ ___ ______ ______ _______ __ ____ ______ __ ______ __ ____

___ _____ _______ ___ ______ __ ______ ___ _____ _____ __ ______ _ _ _ ______

_____ __ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _ _ __ _____ ____ " ____ _____# _A> _ ___

____ __ ____________ __ ______ _______ __ ____________ _(______ _ ____ __

___ _____ (____ __ _____ __ __ ___ _______ (____ __ __ ___ _______ ___

______ (____ _______ ____ _______

___ _______ __ ___ ______ ____ ____ _______ __ _______ _____

___ ___ _______ ___ ______ __ ______ 8_______ ____ _____ __ _____ __

-_____ _______ __ ___ _____ _______ ____ ______ _ ___ _______ ___ ____

___ __ 8._______ ____ ______ _______ __ 8_____ ___ ___ ____ ______ _3 _

; ___ ________ ____ __ ______ _____________ _ ________ __ +____ __

8_____ _AD _ ___ ____ ___ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ _____ _____ __ _____ ______ ______

_________ __ __ ________ %________ _____ ____ ______ __ ________ ______

______ ___ ___ ______ __ ___ _______ ___ __ ___ _ __ __ __ ___ ______

______ _ ____________ 8________ ___ _______ ___ ______ __ _____ __ __

_________ _______ _ _____ _____ __ __ _______ ____ _ 5_____ ____ ___ ____

___ ______ __ ____ ______ __ ___ _____ __ __ ____ __ __ _ ______ __(__ 8._

_______ $_ _ __ 8_____ _A? _(______ ___ _ __ ___ __ __________ ___ __ ______

____ __._ __ 8___ ____ __ _______ ______ ____ _________ ____________

______ ____ ___ ____ __ _____(__ _____ ___ /? ____ "'/-<N/?# __ ___ _____

____ _______ ___ ________ _______ ____ _________ __ __ ___ _______ __ _ ___

____ __ _____________ __ ______ _______ _____ __ ______ ____ ___ ______

_=2 _ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _ ___________ ___ _____ _ __ ______ _<? _

______, _%_ ___'__

__ _______ __ __ _F__ ________ _________ _ _______ __ ___________ _ __ ____

____ ____ ______ _ _ _ _(_________ ____ ______ __ _____ ____ __ ________

______ ______ "______# ________ _ ___ _______ _______ _______ __ _____"

_____ "___ 1_3#_ ___ _ ________ __ __ _(______ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___

___ "_______ _ __ _ _(_ _ __ ______ # __ ___ ____ "_____ __ ________

__ #_ __ ___ _ _ _ ____ __ _ _ __ _____ _______ _________ @ ___ _ _

$$

_ __ ________ ___ ____

_ __ _______ __ ___ ____ _______ __ ______ _________ __ ____ __ ___ _______

__ _____ _ _ E________ __ ___ _______ __ ___ __ __ _________ _____ __

_______ __ ___ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ___ _(_____ ___ _(______ _____ ___ ______

___ __________ ___ ____ __ ______ _________ __ ___ ____ __ _____ ______ _;

___ _______ __ ______________ __ __ ___________ _______ __ __________ __ __

____ ______ ___ _____ ____ _______ __ _________ __ _____ _____ _____ ______

__ __ ___ ___ _________ @ ___ _(_____ ______ ________ __ _______ _____

___ @ __ ________ _______ _=_ _

____ __0 _4__ _____ __ ____ _1 _ ____ ____ __ ____ ____#_

8_____ __ __ ____.___ ___ __%__

(_____ ____*____ (_____ ____*____ $_____ __ ___ 2_=C

__________ _ ___________ _

___________ ________

;_____ _________) __ __ __

_______ _ _ _ __ ___ ___

.______

_____ 5____ /_________

____*____ ___ ____*____ ____*____ ___ ____*____ ________ ____ ________

-__________ _____ _____ ____

_____ _ __ _____ ___) /_____ __

_____ _ _________ __

'_______ ____ ______ _____

"__________ ____ _____ ________

_____ #

___ _______ __ ___ ___ ________ __ ___ ____ __ ____ ____ ________ ____

_____ ____(______ ____ 1 __ =C_ ___ ___ ____________ __ __ ____ ______

__ ______ ___ __ _____ ___ _(_____ ___ _____ _ _ _ _________ ____ _ __

__ __ ___ __________ G_______ ____ _____ "__ __ 12C __ ___ _____# __

_(______ __ _____ __ ______ _______ __ _________ ____ _

;_______ ___ _______ __ _____ _____ __ _(______ __ ____ ___ ____ ___

___ "___ 1_>#_ _____ __ _ _ ______ _________ __ ___ __________ ___ __

_ __ _=_ _ __ _________ __ ______ ________ ___ __ __ ____ ___ __

_______ ______ ___ _______ _ ___ ___ ___ _ ________ ___ ___ __________ __

____ ______ _(______ __ ___ _ ____ __ __ _ ______ __ _________ "_____

_______ # __ _________ __ ___ _____,(______ __ _ _ _________ ___ _______ __

_______ _____ ___ ______ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ______ _______

$-

___ ____

____ __1)____ _ __ __ _1 _ ____ __ __ __$ __ ___ ____

__ _____ __________ __ ____ __ _____ _____ __ ___ ____#

____ __ ____ __'_#_

_____ ____ ____ __ ___ _____ _%_ ___'__

"____ #__ ___ "____ #__ ___

H________ _____ 1_12 D_32 2__= 2__= +___ ____ ___ _ ____________ _

______ _________ _ ________

________ _ __ __ _(_

,____ 2_23 2_D2 2_<= 2__= +___ ____ ___ _ _______

__ __ ___ _ ________

________

;______N____

"?N_#

2_<2 2_>2 =_D2 <_32 $______ __________ _

________ ________ _

___________ _____

,_____N____

"DN1#

2_A2 2_A2 __D2 2_?2 /_______ ___________ _____ _

___ _______________ ______

4____ @ @ 2_3= 2_A2.______ ___________ _

__ ___ ________ _(_______ "__________ 32 O/#_

______,__ 4_____ + _______ _ "_____

/________ ____ ______ _____ _______ _ _____ __ __ _______ ____ ____ __

__ __________ __ ___ _____ ____ __ __________ "___________ # __ ___ ___ "______

____ _ __ __ ___ # ____ ____ " _____# _______ ________ _ ___ ______ _______

________ ___ __ _______ _ _____ _____ _____ __ _ ______ "1_______ ________#

____ _=A _;________ __ ___ ______ __ _ ______ ____ ______ __ ________ ___ ____

____ __ ________ ____ ____ __ _! "# ___________ "1 ____ #) "_# _ ____

_______ "< ____ #) "_# _________ "A ____ #) "_# _ __________ "= ____ #) __ "_# ____

_______ "3 ____ #_ ___ ___________ __ __ ________ ____ _______ ___________

__ ________ ________ _ ___ __ _ ________ ___ __ _@ __ ________ __ _____

_____ _____ __ ________ ___ ___ __ __ _______ _ +______ _________ __ ___

______ _______ ___ __ ___ _ _________ __ ___ _ __________ _;____ ___ _ __

___ ______ __________ ___ __________ __________ ___ ________ _______ __ ____

____ __ ___ ____ ______(___________ __ ____________ ___ _ ________ __

___ ___ __ ____ __ _____ _____ _3 _._ ___________ _________ ______ _____

________ __ _______________ ____ _ _____ ____ _(______ __ $_______ $__"

_________ __ _______ _____ _== _ +___________ ___ ______ __ __ _______ ___

___ ______ ________ ____ _________ __ _________ __ _____________ ___

___ ____ __ _ ____ ___ _ __ ______ _ ___ ______ _________ ___ _ _ __ ______

_____ "___________#_ _(___ "_______(___#_ ______ "_______ ________#_ __

_______ "________#_ ___ __ __ ___ __ __ ___ _________ ________ _3) _____

$/

_ __ ________ ___ ____

____ _____ _ __ ___ ____ __ 2_1@2_DC "_ __ __ ___ ____# __________ ___

____ ____ _____ __ ______ ___ _____ _____ __ ___ __ __ ___ _______ __ __

___ _______ _ ________ __ ____ 1_D_ __ _ ____ ___ _____ __ _ _ ______

__ ___ _____ _____ __ ___ __ __ ___ __ _____ __ _________

____ __2 _______ ___ __ __ _____ __ __ ___ __ ______ ___ _____ ____ __ ____ _0_#_

_&_____

_&_____

_$&__ ___

________

(_____

_&_+____

__ _____

_+ ____

__ ______

"______

_&________ ___

__ ______ _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _!

_____ ____ <?_2 <_2 A_= ____ =<_= @ @ @ ____ @ ____

_____ _______ _<_2 _D_= 2_= <A_= =_2 @ @ @ 2_= @ 13_2

___ _____ =D_2 1A_2 1__ <_2 A_= 2_= @ 2_A @ @ @

___ ________ 31_3 12_3 @ __A __> @ @ 2_A __> @ D__

___ __________

@ _____ A3_2 1_2 <_2 __2 >_2 @ =_2 A_2 11_2 @ D_2

@ ________ 3>_2 1_2 @ __2 <_2 @ __2 __2 12_2 @ <_2

___ ______ 3>_2 _D_2 @ 1_? 2_? @ @ 2_= 2_? @ 2_=

___ _____ 3A_2 1D_2 @ __< __= @ @ @ 1_2 @ 2_=

________ _________ <__2 <3_2 _2_2 2_= =_2 @ @ =_= __2?_= __=

;____ _____ ________ ___ __ __ ___ __ ________ __ ___ ___ _____ _ ______

____ ____ _______

5________ ____ ___ __ _ _ ___ ___ __ ___ ____ __ __ _ ____ __ __ _(_

__ ___ _____ ____ __ _______ _ ___ __ ______ _______ ___ "____ ___ # ____

_________ _____ *____ __ _ ___ __ ____ ___ ____ ______ ______ _ +_ __

_(_ __ _(_______ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ "_______ ______ _________

______ ______#_ ___ _______ __ __ _ ____ 2_<@2_AC_ ___ __ _(_ ____

2_2D@2_2?C "_ __ __ ___ ____#_ __________ ___ ___ _____ __ ___ __________

_3 _;___ ____ __ __ _(_ _ ____ ____ ___ __ ______ __ _ _ _________ __

___ ____ _(______ _ __ _______ ____ ___ 12 _________ ____ ___ __ ____

___________ __ ______ ____ __ _______ __________ ______ __ _______ ___ ____

_3@11 _____ ___ _ ___ _____ ___ "/_2@/_A#_ ______ ___ "/1A@/<2# __ ________

___ ____ _ _ _________

___ _(______ __ _______ _ _ ______ ____ ______ __ ____ _______

_______ _____ __ _______ __ __ __ ____ __ _________ __ ______ ___ _____

$0

___ ____

_ _ _;____ ___ _____ ______ _____ __ __ _ _____ ____ _____ _(______ __

_______ _______(_____________ _________ ________ ______________ __ ________

_______ ____ _________ __ _______ _=3 _ &_ ___________ ___ _(______

_______ __ ___________ _ _(_______ __ _____ _____ _______ ________ _ ____

______ ___ __ __ _______ ______ ____ _ _ ___________ -______ ____ _ __ ___

____ __________ ______ __ ___ _____ ___ _ ________ _______ _____ ____

____ ___ __ ______ _________ _3 _

; _____ _____ __ ___ _______) ___ _ __ ________ ___ _ ____ __ ___ _______

______ ____ ______ __ _________ ______.___ __ ___ _ ________ _____ ___

_______ ________ _____ __ _ _ ___ ___ __ ___ ______ ________ " __ __ <1#_ $__

_____ _ __________ __ ___ _(____ __ ____ ____ ______ ______ __ ____ _____ _

______ _____________ _____ ___ ______ _____ _______ _____ __ ___________

_=3 _ ___ _______ __ _____ __ ___ _____ ____ __ _______ ___ _____ ___ _____ _

_______ ___ ____ _ ___ _____@________ _______ ______ ________ ____

______

; _______ _____ __ ___ ______ ________ __ _______ __ ___ __________

_____ __ __________ ___ ___ __ ___ ________ __ ____ _ ___ _ ________ @

_____ A______(_ ________ A______(_ ________ ____ _____ __ ____ ____ _____

__ _______ @ __ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ _____________ ________ __ ___ ____ ____

___ ___________ ______ _____ _______ _3 _

; ____ _____ __ ____ _______ _(______ __ ________ _______ _

_____ ______ _ _______ ___ _____ _ ____ _ ______ _ __ _ ______ _

__ _______ _ ____ _______ __ ____ __________ ___ ____ __ __ _(______

_=_ _ /______ _ _ _ ________ ____ __ ______ __ _____ __ __________

_____ __ __ _(______ ____ ___ ________ __ ____ _______ __ _____ __ 2_1 __

3C_ ___ _ _(______ _ _______ ___ ____ _______ __ _____(___ _____ __ __

_(______ __ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ _______ _____ __ _______ ___ ___ ____ __

_______ __ ___ ______ __ __ _ ___ __ __ __ ___ ____ ___ __ _________ _ ___

________ _ ___ __ ____ ____________ _______ ____ _______ ________ _=> _

______,__ 4_____ + _______ _ #_ ____

___ _______ ______ _____ _______ __ _______ __ ______ __ __ ___ ____

____ _ $_ ____ __________ "_____ ______# __ ________ ______ _________ __

_____ ____ "_____ ___# __ _______ __ __(____ __ __ _____ "+___ __%#

__ ____ __________ _3 _ $_______ __ _______ ____ ___ ______ _ ____ __

_________ __ __ _________ '__ __ ___ __ _ _________ ___________ _ ______

____ ___ ____ __________ "$________ _______#_,(____ __ _ _______

____ __ _@ __ __ ______ _____ ______ _ ____ ___?2C __ ___ ___ ____ __

______ ")______ ____#_ __ ___ _________ ______ ________ _____ _ _____

__,__________ _____ _=_ _ 5___ _______ _ _______ _ _ ______ ______ _ __

_____ __ ______ _____ +___ __ '____ ______ @ _____ __ ___ _____ @

____ ______.___ __ ___ ______ ___ ___ __ ____ __ _ ________ ____ ____ ___ _

___ __________ __ ______ __ ____ ___ _______ _____ __ __ _______

______ _________ ___ __ ______ _______ __ ___ __ __ F______ __ ___ ____ ___ ___

$1

_ __ ________ ___ ____

_________ __ ____ _ +___________ ___________ "________ _________ ____ ___

_(_ ______ ____ # __ ___ ___ __ ___ _______ _______ _ ___ _(_____ __ ___

____ __ ____ __ _________ "______ ________!____ _________#_ ____ _____

_______ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ ____________ 4____ ___ _ ______ ____ __

____ __ ______ __ ___ K___ L _____ ___ _ __ _________ __ ______ __ K__ L

_____ __ ____ ________ ___ _ ______ ____ __ ______ _____ __ __A_____) ____

___ _________ _ ______ __ <_A ____ _ -______ ______ __ _ _(_ _ ____

___ __ ______ _____ __ ___ _ _____ __ _______ _ $_ _ __ ___ ____ ___ _ __

____ ____ ______ ____ __ +___ ____ _____ ____________ _ _____ ____

_ ____ __ ________ __ __________ ___ _3 _

___ _(____ __ _______ _ _ ______ ___ _______________ ______ _ ___ __

____ _______ _________ _______ __ ________ _____ __ _ ___ __ ______

_____ ______ _(_______ __ ___ __ _________;____ ___ _ __ _______(_________

_______ ________ _______ ____ ______ __ ____________ __ ____ __)____

_____ _ __ _____________ ________________ ____________ __ _______(_____

________ __ ___ _(____ __ +___ _____ _; _______ _____ ___ _________

____ ___ _______ _(______ __ _____ _ +___ _______ @ __________ _____

+___ __ '___ _____ @ _____ ___ _______ ____ __ _______ ____ __

____ _ _____ _3 _.___ __ ____ __ ______ ____ _____ _ __ (___ _ _____ ___ _

,_____ _____ _ _ ______ ___ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ____ _____ ____

__ ______ __ _________ __ _______ ____ _=D _

; _F__ _____ __ _(______ "________ ________ # __ _______ __ ___ ___

___ __ _______ _ ______ ____ _____ ______ __ ______ __ _______ _ _

___ _ ___ _______ __ ________ ____ ___________ _____ __ ______________

__ ______ __ _____ "__________ #_ ___ ___________ _____ __ _ ___ __ ___

___ ___ __ __ _____ "________ ______ ___# ____ ____ _______ _ _____ ____

__ __ ____ __ _____ ________ ____ _________ ________ _____ ___ ____ ________

_ _ __ __________ ________ ______ ___ ____ _______ _ _3 _ ___ ____ __ ___ ___

____ __ __________ ____ ____ _____ ____ _____ ___ _________ __ ____ __

__ ______ __________ ________ ___ _____ __ ______ __ _ ___ _== _ %____

_________ ________ __ ____ __ __ ________ ___ ______(______ __ _____ __

______ ___ _ ___ _F__ ________ ___ ___ _________ __ ___ ______ __ _____

__ ___ _______ "____<___ # __ ___ ________________ "____<_A_____ #_

___ _ ________ ______ __ ___ _____ __ _______ _ ___ _______ __ __ ___

____ ____ _____ _____ __ ___ _ ___________ 1_______ ____________ __ _____

__ _________ _______ _____ ____ __ _____ ____ _ '____ ______ __ ___

_ __ _____ ________ __ ___ ______ __ ___ _ ______ _.________ _______

___ _ ____ ______ ____ __ _____ _______ _ __ ___ _ ____ _______ ____ ___

___ _3 _.___ __ ___ _______ __ ______ ________ _________ ___ _____ __

___ __ ______ ____ "_____ __ _____ ______ ___#_ _____ _____ "_____ _______ ______

_____ ____ __# __ __ ___ ____ ___ _______ ____ __ ____ ____ _______ ____ _

____ __ _____ ___ ___ __ ____ _______ ______________ _ __ ___ _____ __ _

__ ________ __ __________ __ _______ _______ _=> _ ___ _____ __ __ ____

____ __ __ __________ __ _______ ________ ____ ___ _ _____ __ ____ __ _ 7__

___ _____ __ _________ ____ ___ __________ __ ______ __ _____ _3 _,(_____

$2

___ ____

____ __ ____ _________ ________ _____ ______ __ __ ___ _____ _ _ __

___ __ ___ _______ __ ___________ __ _________ _____ ______ ____ ____

____________ __ __________

'_ ___ _______ _____ ___ _(______ __ ___________ __ ___ _________ ____

__ ___ __ __ ___) _____ ________ __ _ _ _____ __ ___ ______ _______

____________ __ ____ ___ __ _______ __ _________ _____ _=>_=? _

_______ 9_)___ ________

___ ________ ___ _______ __ ____ __ ________ ________ __ ___ __ ___ __ ____

________ ____ _______ ___ ______ ______ ___ _______ __ ___ ________ ______

____ _ ____ __ _____ __ ____ __ ________ ____ ______ _ 2__ __ __2C __

___ _ _1) __ ______ ___ __ ____ __ _______ __ _________ ____ ___ _____

____ _________ ______ _ __ __ =C __ ___ _ _3 _ _____ _ ______ __________

__ ___ ______ _______ __ _____ _____ __ ___________ _________ " ____ ____

____ ___# __ __ ___ _______ ______ ___ ____ _A_32 _ 4___ _____ __ ___ _____

_____ ___ _____ _ _______ __ ________ _________ _ _____ __ ___ ___ __ ____

___ _ __ _________ ___ _______ __ _____ ___ _ _______ _ _ __ ________! ____

____ _ ______ _ __ ____;___ _ __ ___ ________ __ _________ ___ ___ __

_____ "____ ________# _____ _ _____ _ __ ___ ______ _______ ____ ___ _____

___ __ ___ _____ _____ ___ ________ "___ ____# "+___ 1_3#_ ___ ______

S 3

S 5

S 7

S 9

S 11

S 13

S 15

S 17

S 19

S 21

U 23

K 25

K 27

fraction

mineral components [ppm]

Ca K Mg P S sapwood heartwood

.)_ __0 5___ ___ __ 6__ _ ___ ___ ____ ___ __ ______

_______ _ __7 87 _ 7)7 9# __ ______ __ ___ ____

_____ __ ________ ___ __ _______ _# __ _______ __ (_)$/_9

______ _0___

$6

_________ __ ____ __ _____ _(___ _ _______ __ __________ __ ______

"A2@>2C#_ ___ ___ "_2@<2C#_ ____ ___ "=@_2C#_ ____ "__ __ _2C#_ __

_____ "___ 1_?#_ /_________ ___ _______ ________ ___ _________ __ ___ _

___ ___ ___ ____ __________ "_ ___________# ______ ______ ___ ________ __

______________ (____ ____ _A_3_ _ /_____ _ ______ __ ___ _____ _ __ _______ _

__ ___________ _ _ __ _ _ __ ___ ____________ __ ___ ____ ____ $__ _____ ____

____ ___;__ Q__ /__ __ *_ __ _ _ _____ ___ ___ __ ____________ __

__ ___ =2 ____ ___ _ __ _ __ _______ ____ _______ _ __ __ ________ ___

____ __________ _____ _ _ &_ _ ___ ________ _____ ____ ________ ____ _____

__ __ ___ __ M___ ______ ____ ".,$N_,$_,EM;#_ __ __ __ ____ ___ ___

______ __ ___ ____ ___________ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ _ _ ____ ____ __ ___

_____ __ _________ ____ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ __ ______ _(____ ______ ___

_____ "__ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ __ __________ ___ __ #_ __ ______ ______ _______

____ __6 (___ __ ______ ___ __ ______ ___ _____ __

________ _________ __ ___ __ ____ _0_#_

"_____ __

_!

:

_!

_)

_!

__

_!

;_

_!

_

_!

4_

_!

._

_!

<_

_!

._______

_____ ________ D<2 >>2 1>2 _1> @ @ @ _< __

___ _____ _D22 1=2 _32 AA2 _22 =2 @ _A 12

___ ______ 1_2 1?2 >2 1D @ @ @ _2 __

___ __% >3A <? __2?> 1D @ 3 @ @

________ _________ 1?= @ A_ 1= AA @ _< @ @

____ __% >=2 A22 __2 _A= @ @ @ 3 1

-______

___ ____ D12 3?2 _12 >1 1? <2 1 __ 1?

_____ __________ >A2 1>2 _D2 <A _=2 1< _2 1D

____ ________ __=2 DD2 <12 1=2 _12 @ @ _2

____ __% __<2 _1<2 1>2 1? @ _22 @ _1 _>

+___ ____ 3>A >D2 __ 1 < D 3 @ @

_____ ________ __1= =A< __> __ >A @ _= @ @

-7 _ __ ________ ___ ____

_____

__ "_ ____ _ ___ _ ___)+

_______ 5__ ___ ____ _ ___ =__ ____ _ ____ ____ ________

___ ____ ____ ___ __ _____ __ __ ___ ______ ______ _____ _____ __ _____

____ __ ____ ________ _____________ __ ______ _____ __ __ _____ __ ________

_________ ____(_ __ _____ ____ ______ _ ___ ________ __ ____ _ ____

____ __ _____ _____ __ ___ ____ __ ___________ _ -__________ _ __ _____ _____

______ ______ "_(_______ _______ _# __ ___________ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___

____(__ ____ _ _____ ______ _ _____ ___ __ ___ ____________ ______ __ ___

____ ___ _

_________._ ___ "_ ____ _ _ ________

'_ ___ _____ ____ ___ _________ _ _______ _ _ _______ _______ ___ ______

_________ _____ ___ ___________ _ __ ______ __ _______ _ &___ _ __ _____

__ ________ ____ _ ___ _______ _ ____ __ _______ __ ____ __________ _______ ____

_______ __ ____ <_= __ __ _________ ___ ______ "_______ # __ _______

______ _3_3< _ G_____ ________ _____ _____ __ 4;M. "_________ M___ ______

___# __ _______ ___ ___ _______ __ _________ ______ __ ______ __ ___ ____ __

< __ <= __ _________ __ ___ _____ __ _______ __; ___ __(_ _____ ____________

_____ ___________ __ _____ __ __ _______ __ _________ ______ _______ __

______ ___________ _ ____ _ ___ _______ __ ___________ __ ____(______ _2

__ <2 ___ ___ ___________ ____ _______ ___________ _______ _____ ___ ______

__ ___ ___________ _ __ ____ _____ /______ ____ __ ______ _______ ___

Hemicelluloses

Cellulose

Lignin

Glucoseunit

Cell wall layers Fibrillar structure

(a) (b)

.)_ __1 _# 9___ _ _____ _ ___ __ __ _________ ___ ___ _____

__ ____ _____ ______ ___ ______ _ __ __)__ 2______#_

__# ____ ___ _____ __ _ __ ________ _ __ ___ __ __ ___ ___ ______

_:; ______ _____!);)_____ ___! 9; 9______ ___ _9_7 9_7 9'#!

<; <_ _ _____ _=___ __ ____ _0,__#

___ ____ -_

__/ ___ __ ______ __ ___ _____(__ _____ __ ___ ___________ _ "______ _____ #_

_____ ______ ___ _______ __ ______ ____ ___ ____ __ ______ ______ _____ _

________ ________ ____ _ _ _(_ _ _______ ___ _____(__ _____ __ _______ ___

___________ _ _ __ ___ _______ _ _______ _____ ___ __ ___ ________ _______ __

___ _____ _________ _ _______

_________ 5__ ___ ____ _ _ ___ ____ ____

___ ______ __ __________ _____ ___ ___ ___ ________ ____ __ ___ _______ _ _____

____ ___ ____________ _____ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ "+__ _ 1_> __ 1_D#_ ___ ____

_______ _________ __ ___ ________ ____ ___ ____ _ __ __ __ __________ __

___ _______ _____ _____ __ __ _________ __________ __ ___ ________ _______ _

_____ __ _____ ____ ______ ____ ___ ___ __ ____ ______________ _3= _ ___ ____

___ ________ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ _____ _______; _______ ____

______ ______ ___ _ _ ___ ________ ____ __ _____ ________ ___ _____

___ _ _ _____ __ ______ _______ ___ ______ _____ _____ _ ______ __ ____

_F____ ____ _ _ ______ ___ ______ _______ "$5# __ ________ K_________L

__ ____ _______ ___ ____ _

;_ ___ ____ ___________ ___ ___ ____ ____ _____ __ ____ __ ___ ___ ____

___ ___ _ ___ $5_ /______ __ ___ $5_ ___ ___ ____ ______ _______ __ ______

________ __ ______ __ ___________ _ _________ ____(_ ___ ____ _____ ___

___ ___ _ ______ ____ ___ ____ __ _ _____ ___ _______ *___ "H#_ ___ ____ ______

___ "_______ 2__ __# ___ _ _ __ ___ _ _________ __ ___________ ______

_______ __ ___ _____ _____ __ ________ ____ __ __ ___ __ _ __ ___ ____ (_

__ ___ _____ ______ ___ _______ _ ________ __ EH _______ 1222 __ _= 222

___________ _ ____ __ _____ __________ ____ _ ___ _ _______ _ ____ __

___ ___ ____ ___ (_ __ ___ _____ ____ "_D2O# __ ________ __ ________

____ _______ ___ ____ _D _;_ ___ ____ ______ _ ___ ______ ___ _ _____ ______

____ ____ ________ ________ ___ _(____ ____ ___ ______ __ ___ _____ &___ ___

______ _____ __ ______ ___ __ _(___ ____ __ ____ ____ _(__ ___ ______ ____

____________ /______ _ ______ __ ____(______ __ _________ __ ___________

____ ___ _______ ____ _________ __ ___ ___ ________

; ___ _________ ____ ____ ___ _______ ____ _______ _ ____ _____ __ ___

____ ________ *___ _____ "+___ 1_D#_._______ ___ __ __ _ _ _ ___ ______

___ ____ _____ ____ ".__.1_.<#_ ____ ___ _____._ "2__1@2_<= __# ___ ___ __

______ ____ __(_ __ ___ ______ ____ ___.1 ____ ________ _____ ______ ___

______ _ _______ "1@= __# "___ 1__2#_ __ ___ _______ _____ __ _________ ____

.< ____ "2__@2__A __# ___ ________ ___ ________ ____ ___ ______ _ __ _____ ____

__ ___ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ _ ___.1 ____ __ ___ _______ ___ __________

__ _ __ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ _______ ____ __ __ ___ ___ __ ________ _____

_____ _ __ _ ______ ______ ____ ____ ______ __ _______ _ __ ___ ___________ _

___ ______ __ ______ _____ ___ ___.1 __ __ ____ ___ <2 __ A2 __ _____

_____ __ ________ ____ __ _=2 __ ____ __ ___________ _______ _______ _ ___

.<_ ____ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ __ ________ ______ ___________ _____ __ ___

.__ _______ ___ _(_______ ___ __ _(______ __ _______ _

-_ _ __ ________ ___ ____

(a) (b)

5 μm 10 μm

CML

S1

S2

S3

S2

Fibre

Parenchyma

Cell

Cell corner

CML

.)_ __2 &__________ ___ ___ ____ ____ __ __ _ ___ __$

____ __ __ ___ ___ _____ __ _# ___ ____ ______

___ __ _____# __ __ __# _______ _____ __ ________ ____

_!_____ ____# ____ ____ __ ______ ___ _____+ __:; __$

_____ ______ _____!); ______ ___! 9; _______ ___

_9_7 9_7 9'# _0%__

____ ___7 =___ _ __*____ __ _____ _ __ __ ___ _____ __

_____ ______ ___ __ _____# ___ __ ____ _00_#_

____ __+_ __ _+__ (_____

___! _! ___! _!

$5NH __22 <<__ __22 _?__

._ 2_13 D_3 2_<D >_<

.1 __33 ==_2 <_3? >2_D

.< 2__2 <_< 2__A 1_D

____ ___ <_21 @ =_1_ @

___ _ _____ ____ __ ___ _______ ___ __ ________ __ ____________ __

_________,________ __ ________ _____ _____ ____ _______ ___ ___ ___________

__ ___ _____ __ _____ ____ __ ________ ____ __ __ ____________ __ ___ _ __

___ ______ ____ ".1#_ __ ___._ _____ _____ ___ __ ________ __(_____ ___ ______

______ __________ ________ ____ ____ =2O __ >2O ______ __ ___ ____ (_ _ __ ___

.1_ ___ ____ __ ___________ __________ ___ _______ _2O __ <2O _________ __

___ ____ -$

___ ____ __ _____ ________ __ ________ __ __ ___.< ___ ___________ __ ________

_ _ ____ __ _______ 32O __?2O ______ __ ___ ____ (_ " __ +___ 1_>_#_ ___ _

_____ ______ __________ __ ___ ________ ____ _______ ________ _______

_______ ______ __ ___ ____ ______ __ ___ _____ ____ _3> _ __ ___ ____ _____ _

________ ________ __________ __ ______ __________ " ______ ______ _____ __

___________ ______ # __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ ____ ___ __ ______ ____ ___ _______

____ __ ___.< _____ ____ __ __ _______ ______ ____ ___.< ____ __ ____

_____ ______ __ ___ ___________ __________ __ ___ ___ _____.____ __________

__ ________ ___ ______ __ ___ _______ _____ _ ___ _(____ __ E____ ___

" ________ _________# __ -____ _____ " ___ _______#_ __ ____ ______ __

_______ _____ _ ___ _(____ __ _____ ___ ______ _ __ ______ _= _

_______ ()______ _ ___ ____ _____

___ ____________ __ ______ ______ ___ ____ _______ ____ ___ ________ _ ______

___ ___ ___ ____ __ _ __ ___ ______________ _____ __ ___ ______ _______

(____ ____ ____ G_ ___ ____ __________ ______ _____ __ _____ _____________

_____ _____ _____ _ ____ ____ ________ _____ _____ _____ _ __ _________

___ ______ _ __ _ _______ ____ ____ ________ __ ___ ____ ______ "+___ 1_?# ____

___ _____ __________ __ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ __ F_ _ ______ ___._ ___ __

________ ___ ____________ _______ __ ___ ____________ ____ "______ ______ $5#

__ ___ ______ ___ "H#_ ______ _ ___ ________ ___ __ _______ _________

____ _3? _ ___ ____________ __ ___ ________ ______ _____ "$5 __ _F____ ____

___ ___# ________ ______ ______________ __ ___._ __.1 ____ _ __ ___ _____

___ ________ __ ___ _______ ___ < ".<#_ 5___________ __ ___ _______ ___

____ _______ _____ __ ___ _ ____ ___ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________ __

___.< ___ _ ____ _________ _3? _ ___ _ _______ _______ ________ _________

____ _____ __________ ___ ______ ______ __ ____ ___ _______________ ____ ___ _____

___ ____ _____ ___ _____ _ __ _______ _ __ ___________ _ _

;________ __ __ _______ ____ _______ %7 ______ ____ __ _______ ____

_ _ ___ _ 32C __ ___ __ ____ __ ___ ________ $5 ___ _ _ __ _______ _____

____ 12C _ _____ __ ___ _______ ____ -______ ___ ____ __ ___ ______ "3<@

>AC# _ ___________ __.1_ ___ ____ _ ___ ______ _ ___ ____ __ _ _ ______

?2C __ ___ _______ _ __ >2@D2C __ ___ ___________ _ _

___ ____ _______ __ _____ _______ "+_____?# __ ________ __ __ ____

%7 _ ______ _ ___ ____ ______ __ ________ ______ ______ _______ __

___ _F____.1 ____ ____ ______ _______ _____ ______ __ __________; _____

__ +____ __ __ "_?3?# _>_ ___ ____ ______ _______ __ ___ ________ ______

_____ _ ____ _____ ___ __ ___.1 __ ___ _______ _ ___ _____ _____ _____ "+___

___?_# ___ _________ _ ______ ____ _______ __ ___ _______ _______ _

__ _________ ___ ____.1 ____ ____ _____ _ _______ ___ _______ ____ __

_ ______ __ ___ ___ ____ _____ ____ __ ______ __ ___ ________ __._ __

8_____ "_?DD# _>1 _ ___ _________ ______ __ _________ ___ ___ _____ __ ___ _____

.1 _____ __ __________ _ ___ ________ ______ _____ _ __ _____ ___ __

______ _ ______ ___ _______ __ ___ _ __ ___ _____ ________

-- _ __ ________ ___ ____

.)_ __6 >? ________ __ _ ________ __ _ _________ _# _____ __ __ __ _____ __ __# _____

__ __ __ _______ _ _____ __ _ ____ ___ ______ ___ __ @___ ____ &__ ____ ____ ____ _

__ ________ >?$_______ _____ ______ _ __ _"% __ ________ _1____ __ ___ $

____ __ ___# __ _"% __ ________ _1____ __ _______ __ ___# _"@___"@__

___ ____ -/

______'._______ ________ _ ___ _______) "+____

__ __ ____ ____ _ ___ _______ ___ ____ ___ _______ _______ __ __ _ ___ __

_____ ____ "+__ _ 1__2 __ 1___#_ ___ _ ___ ___ _______ ___ _ _______ ____

___ __ ____ _______ _F______ ____ "_____ ____ ____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ _____ ____

_______ __ ___ ______ _____ _______ ____ ________ ____ ___ __ ______ #_

H__ ________ __ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ ___________

__ _ _ ____ ___ ____ _____ __________ _____ _________ ____ __ ___ __ _ __

__ ______ ___!

_ _____ ___ __________ ___ _________ ____)

_ ________ ___ __________ ____ ____ "________ _______ ________#)

__

_ ____________ ___ __________ _________ ____ __ ____ ____

._____ ___ __ ____ __ _F____ ____ ___ _ ___________ __ _______ __ ___ ___

____ __ ___ ________ ______ ______._____ ___ ____ ____ __ __ _______

_________ ____ _ +__ ___ _(_____ __ __ ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ __

_________ ____ __ ____ _____ _ ___ _______ ______________

___ ________ ____ _________ __ ___ ____ ____ "_ __ _ _____ _ _______ # __

______ _________ _________ ___ _______ "_______ # __ ____ ____ ___ ______

_____ ___ ___ _______ _______ _____ ___ ___ __ ___ _______ __ ___

-0 _ __ ________ ___ ____

M

M

M

(a)

(b)

(c)

[F] [P]

.)_ ___7 &__ ______ ____ __ __ _ __ ___$

_____ __ ___ ______ >_ _ ___ __ ____7

__________ ___ ___ ____ _____

_# 9_____ __ _ __ ____ ________ ____ __

_* _____ __ _____#_ &__ ________ __

__ _____ __ _ _________ _ __# 2__$___$

_____ __ __ ____ ________ ___ _)# __

_____ _A# __ ____ _!_____ _______#_ = __

________ ____7 __ __ _______ __ __$

____ __ _ ___ _ ___ _____ _# B_______ __

__ ____ __ ______ __ _____ ___ __ _____#

__ ____ ____ _____ &__ ___*$__*_ ____ ____ __

__ __ __ __ __ ______ _=___ __ ____ _0%__#

(a) (b)

3 μm 3 μm

.)_ ____ _____$__ ___ __ ________ __ _ __ _# ________ __

__# _ _____ __ __ __ ______ &__ __ _______ __ ________

_____ ___ _____ ____ __ ______ __ __ __ __ &__ __ ___$

____ __ __ ___________ _ _____ _____ _ _1 ______

_____ __ _ ______ ___ ___ ____ ____# _"___

________ ___ __ __ ___ _________ _________ __ ___ _____ _ ___ ____ _____ _____

____ __ ________ ____ ___ ___ _______ _ ______ __ ___ ______ ____ ___ __

____ _F______ ____ __ ___ ________ ______ ______ __ _ ____ __ ______ __

__________ __ _______ _ ___________ _ E_____ ____ ___ ______ __ _______ _ ___ ____

___ _______ __ ___ _______ _ ______ _______ __________ __ ___ ___ _____

___________ _____ ____ ___ _______ _____ ____ __ ____ __ ______ ______

___________ "___ ____# _____ _ ______ ___ ___ _(_ ____ ______ ___ "+___ 1___#_

.__ _________ ___ _______ ____(__ ___ ____ _ _______ __ ____________ ____

_____ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____ ____ _______ ___ _F______ ____ _ 4___ _______

______ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ _______ ___ _______ ___ ____ __ ____ _ _____

___ ___ ___ _______ ___ ________ ________ __ _______ ________ ___ _ ______

___ ___ _______ _ _____ _________! __ ____ _ ________ __ __ __ _______ __

______ ___ _________ _ _ _____

___ ____"________ ____ _______ _________ ____ __ ____ ____ _ '_ ___ ___

______ ____ ____ ___ _ _ __ _____ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___

__ ________ ___ _ _______ __ _______ _ ____________ ___ __ ______ ______

_____ "____ # _ ___ _______ ____._____ ____ __ ____________ ___ __ ___

K___________L __ K______L ___ ______ ___ _______ __ _________ ____ __

___________ _______ ____ ____ _______ _ ____ _______ __ ___ ______

_><_>A _

/__ ___ " _______# __ ___ ___ _ __ __ __ __F_____ ___ _____ __ ______ ___

____ _ __ _____ ________ _________ ___ ___ ____ ____ __ _____ _______

__ __ ___ __________ ___ __ __ ___ ___ __________ _______ _F____ ____ _ &_

___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _ ___ ________ ___ ___ _ ___ __ ______ _____ E_____ ___

_____ ___ _____ ___ __ ___ ____ _ ________ __ ___ ____________ __ ___

______ _____ __ ________ __ ____ _ E_____ ________ _________ ___ ____

___ ____ -1

(a) (b)

M

.)_ ____ A___ ___ __ ______ __ ________ __ _# _______

_______ _ __ __ __# __ __ _______ _ ____ ___ #_ &__ ______

___ __ __ ____ _ _4__ __ __ 1__ ________ ___

____ _ __ __ ______ ___7 __ ____ __ _____ ___ ___*__

__ ______ ______

__ __ _____ ___ ____ _______ ______ "________ _(______ # _ ___ ____

____ _____ ___ _______ _ __ ______ __ ____ _>3 _

___ _______ __ ____ ______ ___ _ __ __ ____ _______ __ __ _______

__ ___ ________ __ ________ ___ ________ __ _____ _ _____ ___ ________ ____

__ ______ __ ________ ________ __ __ ___ ____ __ _____ _____ ____ _

__ _________ __ __ _ _ __ ________ __ ________ ____ __ _____ __ ___

_________ _>> _ ____ _ "_________ ____# __ ____ _______ _ ___ ______ __ _____

___ _ ___ ___ _________ ___ ______ _________ ____ _ __ ____ _(____ ____

______ ____ ___ _ __ "+___ 1__1#_ ___ ____ _ ___ ___ _ _ __ ___ __ ____ ____ _

_________ _______ __ ___________ _ __ _______ __ __ __ _____ ___ ____ _

___ __ __ ______ ______ __________ ____ ____ _____ ___ __ ________

_______ _____

____'

___ __ ____ "_ ____ _ _ __

____'__ ____ _+___

___ ______ __ __ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ ____ _____ __ __ ______ __ ____ _

____ ___ _____ __ ________ _____ _____ ____ "+___ 1__<#_ E_____ ______ __

_________ ____ ___ __ _____ ______ ____ _____ __ ____ ___ __ ________ __

_______ _______ ___________ __ _____ __________ _____________ ________ __ ___ ___

___ ____ "+___ 1__A#_;________ __ _____ ________ __________ __ _________ ____

_____ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ______ ___!

-2 _ __ ________ ___ ____

(a) (b)

300 μm 300 μm

.)_ ___$ &________ __ ____ __ _# ___ ____ ___ __ _____#

__ __# _______ ___ __ _______ _# ______ __ ____ ___

__ ____ ________ __ _ _____ __ ___ __ ____ ___ _

9____ ___ ___ ____ _____

_ _________ ____

_ _______

_ _____

_ _ __ _

_________ ____ __ _____ ____ ______ ______ _ __ __ ______ __ ____ ____

__ _ ___ ________ _____ _ _______ ____ ___ _____ __ _____) ____

____ _________ ___ "__ # ____ (____ ________ ____ _;(__ ________

_ ____ ____ ________ __ _______ _ _____ __ ____ __ ____ __ _______ ______ _

__________ __ _______ ______ _____ _ ___ _ ____ _ ____ __ ____ _______

___ _

________ __ ___ __________ (__ ____ _______ __ _______) ____ ______

____ ____ __________ __ ________ _______ _______ _ _ _____ __ ___

_______ _ ____ __ ______ _F____ __ ___ _ __ " ________ _______ #_ __ ____

__ _____ _ __ " ____ _______ # ____ ___ ___ ________ __ ____ ___ _____ __

_______ _ ___ _ ____ ___ __________ ___ "__________ ________ _______ #

__ ______ ___ ____ __ ________ ______ "___________ _______ _______ #_

______ _____ _(___ ____ __ _______ _ __ _____ ___ _________ _______ ___

________ _______._____ __________ __ __________ __ ____ __ _ __ _______

________ _______ K_______________ L __ K_____________ L_ -______ ____ ________

__ ___________ _(_ _ _______ _____ ___ ______ ____ _____ _ ________

________ _>D _

___ ____ -6

#______ __ _________ _______ ___ ___ _______ ____ ___ ____ __ ____ __

______ _____ __ _______) ____ __ _____ __ __ ________ _ __ ______

___ __ ______ __ ____ _________ ____ ____ ______ __ =2@32 __ __ ___

_____ " _____ ____# __ ___ _______ __ __ "+___ __%#_ E_____ _____

____ __ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ________ ______ _______ __ _____

______ ___ __ _____ __ ______ _____ __ ________ __ ________ _____) ___

_____ __ ___ __ _____ _________ _______ __ ___ _______ _ __ __________

____ _

_______ __ _ __ ____ ____________ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ _____ ______ __

+____ __ _ _ ________ ____ ___ ______ __ __ ___ ____ _ ___ __ ___ _____

___ ____ _____ _____ ______ _ ___ ____ ______ ____ __________ __ ___ ______

_____) __ ___ _(_____ _ _ _____ ________ _________ ___ _ _____ __ ______ ___

___ _____ _ __ __ ____ _____

____'__ "____ ___ #_ ___ "_ ____ _

___ _F__ _______ __ ________ _______ _______ __ _______ _ _ __ __

___ ________ __ _____ ____ __ ____ _______ _

)___*____ "_________ ____ # _(_____ ______ ________ ___ ___ ____ __

____ _______ "________ ____ #_ ____ __ _ _____ _____ __ __ _______

___ ________ ____ ____ "__?2@?=C __ ____ _____# "+__ _ 1__< __ 1__=#_ ___"

_____ __ _______ __ _____ ________ __ ___ ___________ __________ ____ ____

___ _____ _____ ______ ________ ______ ___ __ _ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ __

/7 _ __ ________ ___ ____

(a) (b)

M

[P]

[V]

[F]

[P]

[V]

[F]

M

.)_ ___- _# &________ __ ___ __ _______

_____ _______ ___ __ _______ _#_ &__ ___

_____ __ ___ ______ ________ _______

_?#7 ________ ____ _)# __ ______ _A#_

__# ________ _ __ ___ _ ________ __ ___#

__ _____ _______ __ _# __ _ __ ___ ___

____+ _______ _?#7 ________ ____ _)# __

______ _A#_

(a) (b)

.)_ ___/ ________ _ __ ___ __ ___ ____ ___ __ _____# __

_# ________ __ __# ____ ____ _____

___ ___________ _______ _ ____ _22!_ __ ___ ______ "______ __ <@A ___ ___

_____ __ 1=@A= __# "___ 1___#_ /___ ____ ___ _______ __ _____ _______

__ _______ ____ ____ ___ __ ____ _____ __ ________ _______ __ _(_____

___ __________ __ _____ _____ __ ___ _______ _______ _ ___ _____ ________

___ _____ __ ________ ________ _____ ___ ________ _______ __ _______

___ _____ ___ _________ _______ _

_______ __ _ _ __ ___________ _________ _______ _____ __ _____ _____

__ ___ __ __ ___ _____ __ H______ ___ ____ ___ _ _ ________ ______ __ _______

___ ____ "___________ __#_ __ ____ __ ________ __ __ _______ "_______

_______ __#_ '_ ________ _____ _ ___ ___ __ ___ __ __ _____ ____ ______

___ __ F_ _ ___ __ ___ ____" # __ _____ "________ - ________ ____# __ ____ ___ __


Дата добавления: 2015-10-21; просмотров: 93 | Нарушение авторских прав


Читайте в этой же книге: Contents | Volume 2 | Preface | List of Abbreviations | Chemical Pulping | The History of Papermaking | Technology, End-uses, and the Market Situation | Total 3.65 | Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers | Outlook |
<== предыдущая страница | следующая страница ==>
References| Log. absorption

mybiblioteka.su - 2015-2024 год. (0.183 сек.)