Читайте также: |
|
Non-reducing end n-3 repeating unit
.)_ ___ &__ _______ _ __ ___ __ _________
___ __ ___ ____ __ ________ _ ________ ________ __ ___ /A _____(_
_____ _ ____________ ___ ___________ __ ___;8% __ ___ _______ _ ____ _
____ __ __ ____ __ ___ A/_ _____ __ ___ ___________ ___ ____ _____(_
_____ __ __ _______ ___________ _____ ___ ________ ___ __ _____ __ (__
__ _____ _
/_____________ __ __ ______ __ _____________ "EH# __ >@D __ "_____# _____
_______ __ ___ _________ _____ _ _______ ____ _____ ___ EH_ -_____ ______
___ "EH J<2# _____ ____ __ ____________ _ _____ _ _______ ____ _____ __
_____ ______ _____ _________ _
/______ _ ____ ____ ____ _____ ___ _______ ____ ___ K____L ________
_________ ___ _ _____ __ __ __ ___ _ ______ _________ "_______ __ ______
___#_ ____ _______ _ __ ______ ____ _ ___ ___________ ____ ____(__ _____
_______ _ _ ______ __ ___ _______________ __ ____ _ E_____ _______ __
________ ______ __ _____ _____________ _ ___ ____(__ __ _______
_____ _ __ ______ _ __ __________ "___ ____ _______ __ ________ __ _(______
________ ______ __ _______ __ __.______ 1_A#_
;_______ ___ ________ ________ __ _______ _ ____ __ __ _____ ______ ___
___________ __________ ___ _______ _ _ _(_______ ______(__ ____
__ __________ _______ ____ _ ________ ______ __ ____ _________ ____ __
________ ____ _ ______ ______ ___ __ _______ _ ____ "____________# __ ___
_____ _________ ____ "_____________#_ ___ ___ ____ __ ____________ ________
____ _ __ ____ _______ ____ _____ __ ____ ______ __ ___________ _D__2 _
_____________ ____ __ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ ________ __ ___________ _____
___ _ ___ ___ ______ _____ __ ______ "+___ 1_1#_
________' "__ ________ "_ ____ _
___ ____ ____ __ _____________ ________ ____ __ _______ _ __ ___ __ ___
______(__________ _____ __ ____ _ __ ___ ____ ___ _F_____ __ __ _________ _
___ ___________ _______ _ ________ __ __ __ ______ __ _ __ ___ _ _ __ _____
______ ________ _ ______ _ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ ___ _________ ____ ____
_____________ ________ ____ _ _____ __ _ _____ ____ ________ __ _______ ____
_________ __ ___ ______ _ ___ _ __ _______ __ ___________ ________ __
_______ _ __1 _.___ ______ _______ _____ __ ________ __ K___ ______L_ ____
____ _(_____ __ _____ M___ ______) __ ________ ______ __ __ ______ K____
____ L_ _______ _ _ ______ _______ ___ ____ ______ ______ __ _____
__ ______ _____ ____ "______ _______ _______ _# __< _ +________ _____
_/
_ __ ________ ___ ____
.)_ ___ (_ _$ __ __ _________ _____ __ _____ __
________ (____ # __ ________ ((___ _ # ______ _ ____#_
__ ___ _______ _ ___ __ ________ ____ ______ ___ ______ ___ _?<2 __A __ ___
____ ______ ___ _?>2 __= _
*___ ___ ______ _______ _ _____ __ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _ __
___ _ ____ __ ________ ___ ______ ___________ _________ ______ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ _______ ____ ___ ____ (_ _ _____ _ ___ __ ___ _@__A_______ __
___ _______ _ ______ _ +__ _ __ ______ __ _?DA __3 _______ _ ___ _ __ ____
________ __ _</_/H$;. *$G ______ ___ __ _ ___(_ _ ______ ____ _______ _ __
_____ __ __ __ __> _ ___ ____ __ __N__ __ ___ ____ ___ _ ______ __ ___ _____
_________ _____ ___ __ __ _ __________ __ ______ __ _____ __ __ __
___ ______ __ ___________ ________ __ _______ _ ___ _____ _ ___ ________
________ __ ______ __ ____;_ __ ______ ____ _______ __ ______ __ ______
____ _______ _ ____ ___ ______ _____ __ _______ _ __ __ ____ ________
__ ___ __ _____ __ ___ _ __ _____ __ ______ ______ __ _____ __ ___ ____ ____
____ __D _
/______ _ __ __ __ _______ __ __________ ___ _____ H1_ _________ ___
_______ ___ ______________ __ _____ ____ __? _ ___ _______ _ __ ____ _ _______
__ __ _ _________ ____ _____ ___ _____(_______ _____ __ ______ _____"
____ "__#_ ______ __ ____________ ________ ____ _______ '_1"-# __ '_3_
______ ___ _____ _ ____ _ '____ -_____ __ ______ _______ '_<"-# __ '_=_
____ _______ '_3"-# __ '_<_ ___ _______ _ _________ "_____ ___ ___ __ _____
_0
___ ____
____ __ ____ ____ ____# _ ___ _____ _______ __ ___ __________ _____ __ ___ ______
__ _ _________ G________ ___ ___ __ ________ __ _______ _ _ ____ ___ ________
____ ______ __ ____ _(___ ____ ___ ______ _12_1_ %
/______ _ ___ ___ ____ ____ _________ __ __ _______ __ ___ _________ ____
__ _! ____________ __ ___________ ____ ________ G__________ _____
______ ___ __ _______ __ _______ _ __ _ _________ _____ __ ___ ________ __
______ ___ ____ ________ ____ __ _____ _____ _______ _ __ ____ ___________
_ ____ __ _______ ______ ___________ $___________ __ _______ _ _ @ ___ _ _
________ ____ _____ _____ _____(___ @ ____ _____ _______ _ _ _ ______
_______ _____ _ __ ________ ________ __ _______ _ __ ____ _____________ $___
_________ _____ _______ ______ _______ __ ___________ _____ _____ ___
___(____ ________ __ _ ____ __ _____ _________ _1_ _ & __ __ _______ _______
__________ M___ __ ___ _ 5___ __ __ _1_ ____ ___ ___ __________ _______ _ _
__________ ____ _________ __ __________ ____ ____ ____ _________ ________
____ __ ___ ____ _ ___ ____ ___ _____(_______ _____ __ ____ ____ ________
_____ ___ ___ __ ____________ E__ __ ___ ______ ___ _______ __ _________
___ ______ ____ __ _______ _ _ ____ ___ _________ ____ _______ __ _______ _
__ ______ __ _____________ __ _ _ _ _____ __ ___ _______ _ __ _ ______
________ _11_1< _,__ ______ ___ _________ _____ ____ _____ ___ _________
_____ _ @ ___ @ __ ____ _ ___ __ ___ _ ___
___ ________ ____ _______ __ _______ _ __ _ ____ ______(_______ __ ___
__ _______ _ _ " __ _ _ +___ 1_1#! +___ _______ __________ ___ _ _ _ _________
____ ____________ ________ ____ _ __ ____ __ ____ ____ _______ '< ___
_____ __ '= __ '3 ___ _______ _ _____________ ________ ____ __ ___
____ _______ '1 __ '3_ +__________ -_____ _______ ___ ______ __ ______
____ __ _ _ _____ __ _1A _
___ _____ _______ _ _________ "_____ ______ _7__ __ _7__# __ _______ __ _____
________ __ _______ _ __ __ __ __ ____ _____ __________ ___ ________ __ ____
____ _ __ __ _________ _ ____ _________ ____ _______ _1= _ +_____ 1_<
___ ______ __ __ ___ ______ __ ___ ___ ______ ______ __ _______ _ __ __ __
____ _______ _______ _ _____ _________
(a) (b) (c)
.)_ __$)*__ __ __ ___ _____ _ __ __ _#+ _____ __$
_____,_$_$__$_$_$-__. ___,#$_$_$-__/__ _____ _#!
__# ________ (_! __ _# ________ (_ __0__
_1
_ __ ________ ___ ____
_______ #___________
-__________ _ __ __________ _______ _ __ ______ ____ _______ _ __ ___ ____
___ _ _ __ ____ ___ _______ _ __ __ ___ ________ __ __ _____ ________
_ _ ____ EH __ =2___122_ ___ ___ ____ "_______ ___ # _____ __ ___
___________ ________ __ ___________ _ "______ ___ ___ ________ _____ #
__ __ ________ ____ _____ ___ _____ _ "_ (___ _ __ _____ _ ____ #_
__(_ _ "_ _____ _ __ ____ _ ____ #_ __(______ ___ "_ __________ ___# __
___(____(_ _ "_ _____ _ ____ #_ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ ___________ _ __
___ _ _ __ ____ ___ ____ "___________) _____ (___ #_ __ __ ___ __ ____ ____ "____
__________) _____ _________ # "+___ 1_A#_.___ __ ___ ____ __ ___ "__ ____
____ # ___ _____ __ ___ ____ "_______#_ ___ _(____ A_&_________________
____ _____ __
HO
O O
O
O O
RO O O
OR
HO OH HO HO OH OH
O
O
OH
HO
MeO
COOH
OH O
HO
HO
O
O O
O
O O
RO O O
OR
HO OH HO HO OH OH
O
O
OH
HO
MeO
COOH
O O
O
O O
RO O O
OR
OH
HO HO
OH
HO
OH
OH OH OH OH
OH HO
O
HO
OH
OH
HO
O
HO
OH
OR
O O
O
O O
RO O O
OH
HO HO
OH
AcO
OH
OH OH OH
AcO HO
O
O
OH
Hardwood xylan (a)
Softwood xylan (b)
Hardwood glucomannan (c)
Softwood glucomannan (d)
.)_ __- _______ _ __ ___ __ 1____ __ ________ __
___$ __ ___ ______ _# 2______ 1___! __# ___ ____ 1___!
_# _______ _______! __# ___ ____ ________
_2
___ ____
_____ __ _ _ _________ __________ _______ _______ __ _______ __ ____
____ __ ___ ____ __ _______ __ ___ ____ ___________ _ __ ___ ____ ____ ___ _
4___ _____ __ ___ ________ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ _____ __ _ ______ ___
_______ __ ____ __________ __ ____ _ ____ __ ____ _____ _ ____
___ _______ _ ____ _ _______ __ ____ __________ __ (___ _ ____ __
____ _____ _____ ___ _______ "___ 1_=#_
____ __/ 3__ _____ ___ _ __ __ _____________ __ ______ _____ ____ __ ____ _0_#_
"_____ ___
_!
3+_
_!
*__
_!
4 _
_!
5 __ ___
_!
___
_!
4___+_____
_!
._______
_____ ________ _2 =_1 __2 ___ A_D @ __A
_____ _____ ___= =__ 3__ 1_2 1_1 @ @
___ _____ _<_3 =_3 1_D __1 __D 2_< @
___ _______?_A 3_2 1_2 __= =__ @ __<
___ ______ D__ >_2 <_D __> =_1 __1
___ __________ _1_A >_3 __? __= =_2 @ __3
____ _________ _2_3 <_< __D __2 A_> @ __A
-______
___ ____ <_< _D__ __2 __2 A_? <_3
_____ _______ <_1 1A_? 2_> 2_A <_3 2_3 @
____ ________ 2_? _?_2 __A 2_> A_D 2_= @
_______ ________ <_D _D_< 2_? 2_3 3_2 2_= @
____ __________ <_= 1__1 ___ 2_? <_> @ <_?
'___ ________ <_A _=__ 2_? 2_A A_> @ <_2
__ A_&_$_______________ ____
__ _______ _ ___ _____ ____ __ ____ _ ________ ______ ____ _____ __
A_&_________________ ___ ____ _ __"__1#______ ____ ______ _ ___ (___ _ ____
"+___ 1_A# _1> _ +___________ ___ __ ___ '-______ _ /1 __ /< __ ___ (___ _
____ __ __ _______ __ &______ _____ _________ &_______A_&_______________
__(____ ___ ___ ___________ _ _________ __ _______ "_2@<=C#_ &_ ___ ___
___ ____ _ _______ (___ ______ ___ _____ __ _____ _ __ ________
___ ____ +______ _____ _____ ___ ___ ________ ___ __ (___ ___ _ _ __ ____
_______ __ (___ __ _____ _ __ __________ ___ ____ _____ _ ___ __ __
_6
_ __ ________ ___ ____
__ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ __ _ ____ __ ___ (___ _________ ___ __________ ___
___ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ __ ___ ________ (___ _ ____ _1D _ __ _______ ____
____ (___ ______ ____ _______ (___ __ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ __ __ ___
___ ____ __ _____ _ ____ ______ __ __"__<#______ ____ ____ __ ___ (___ ____
____ "+___ 1_A_#_ ___ _ ___ _______ (___ __ ______A_&________________(__
__ __ _ _____ _____ ____ _2 __ _=C_
(______ ____ ____ __ ___________ __ _____________ _______ ___ _ ____
__ ____ _ __ _____ _ ____ " _______ _________ #_ ___ _____ _ ________
_ ____ __ _______ _________ _ ____ ___ _ _ ____ __ _____ _ __ ___
__ _ ____ ______ __ "__"__A# _____ ____ ____ _______ _______ _______ ____
"+___ 1_A_#_._______ ______ ____ _=@12C "1=C# ____ ___ ___ _ _ __ ____
______ _______ __ _____ _____ _____ __ _____ _ __ ____ __ _______
_______ &____________________ "+___ 1_A_# _3 _
__ _______ __ _______ _ __ ___________ _ _ ____ ______ _____ ____ ____
____ _ _____ ____ ____ _____ ____ __ _______
)_____ ___ ___ __ ___ ____ _______ __ _____ ___ _ _ __ ___ _________!
"# ___ _____ ____ _) __ "_# ___ _______ ___________ ____ __ ___ ____ ______
___ _______ __ ___ _ _ __ __________ ___ _______ ______ ___ ___ __ _______ __
___ _____ _ ____ __ ____ _ __ ______ __ __"__A#______ ____ ____) __ ________
___ __"__3#______ ____ ______ __ _ _ ___ ____ ___ _______ ____ ______ __ _ ___
__ _____ ___ _____ _ ________ ___ ___________ ______ ________ _____ _ _
E__ __ ___ ______ ___ _____ _ ____ __ ______ _ _ ____ __ ____ _12O __ __ _
__ ___ __ ___ __ ______ ________ __ ___ ____ ________ ____ _(_____ _
____ ___ _____.____ _________ _(_ _ ____ __ ____ __ ______ __ ___ ______
_3 _ *________ _ ___ ____ ____ _ __ ___ __ ___ ______ _1? _
____ _ ____ ______ __ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ __ _ ______ ____ ______
___ ______ ___ __ ____ ___________ '_ _______ _ _ ______ _ ____ ___ ____
_______ ___ __ _____ ________ __ _____ _ __ _____ __ ___ ______ _____
____ __ ___ ______ _______ ___ _ _ __ _____________ _____ ____ ______
___ __ ____ ______ _______ __________ ____ _ ___ _______ __ _____ _ ____
__ __ __ _____ __ _____ _ _____ __ __________ _____ ______ __
'_A __ _____ __ __ ____ _ H_____ __ ____ __ _____ ______ _ ___ _ _______
__ _____ __ _______ ____ ___ ____ ___ __ _______ ____ ________ _<2 _ $_______
____ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ __ _____ ____ _ ___ ____ __ _ _
________ __ ___ ___ _ ___ __ ____ ______________ _<__<1 _
______' ()__
______'__ ")_______ ___,___ ____
___ _____ _F__ ____ ___ _______ _ _______ *_(_ __ _______ __ ______ _ ___ __ _
______ __ ________ _________ ______ __ ____ __ ____ _ __ _ ________ _
___ _______ __ ____________ _________ __ ___ __ __ __ ______ ____ ___
____________ __ ___________ "_____ ____ __ ____ ____ #_ _____ __
________ _____ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _________ ___ ______ ___ ____ __ ______
$7
___ ____
___ _______ _3 _ ___ _____ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _________ ____ _ _____ ___
____ 4___ _ __ ____ _____ ___ ______ _______ ____ ____ 12 __ A2C_ _____
__ ________ ____ ____ ____ ___ _____________ __ __ _________
_<< _;___________ ___ __ _________ __ ______ ______ ___ ____ ___ __ ___ ______ ____
____ __ _________ ___ __ ____ __ ___ ________ +__ _(_____ ____ _____ __
______ __ ________ ___ ___ _______ ______ __ ______ ___ ____ _<A _
__ __ _ _ _ __ ____ ___________ ______ _ _ __ _ _________ ___ __ ____
____ ___ _ '___ __ ___ _ _ __ _______ __ ________ _ ______ ____ __ __
____ __ ____ ____ __ _______ __ ______ ____ _ _____ ______ ____ ________
_____ _____ ___ _______ __ ______ _____ _ _
______'__ "_ ____ _ _ ()__
5_____ _ ______(________ _______ ______ __ _____ ________ _______ __
_____ _____ _____(________ ______ __ __________ "+___ 1_=#! _________
"A______(_________#_ _________ "<______(__A______(_________#_ __ _____ "<_=_
_______(__A______(_________# _______ _____ __ _____ ____ _ ___ __________
_____ _____ _<=_<3 _ ___ ______(________ __ ______ __ _ ____ __ ___ _____
_ _ _ __ _____ ___ _ _ ___ _ ____________ _____ ____________ __ _____(_
_____ __ __________ ________ __ _________ ______ _ ___ _____ _ __ ___
__________ "______ __ # __ ___ ________ __ ______ ____________ ______ _
__________ __________ __ _______ _______ _____ __ ____ _(___ ____
______ __ _________ _______ _<<_<3@<D _;________ __ ___ ___ _<? _ ___ _____
_________ __ ___ __________ _ ___ ______ __ _______ ________ _ ___ _________
___! "# ___ ________ __ __________ _____ __ ________ ____(___ __ ____(__
_ _ __ ___ _ __ _(____ _A2) "_# ___ __________ __ ________ __ ________ ____
____ _______ __ ________ __ ___ _____) "_# _______ __ _____ ______ __ _______
____ __ ___ _______ _______ _<<_A_) __ "_# ________ __ ______ _____ __
______ __ __________ __ ________ ____ __________ _____ __ _____ ___ ___
___________ ___ ____ __ _____________ __ __ _______ __ ______ _____ __ ___
___ ____ ___________ __ ___ ________ ___ ___ _ _______ __ ___ ________ __ _____
______ _____ __ __'_A_ __=_ __ ___ _____ "+___ 1_=_#_ _____ __ ___ __(_
___ __ _____________ _________ ________ __ _____ _ _______ __ _______
; __ ____ _______ ____________ _ ______ _____ _ _____ __ __ ____ _____
___ __ ___ __ _____ _ _______ __ ___ _____ ___ _A1 _
7______ __ ___ _______ ________ __ ______ __ _ __ __ ___ __________ __
___ _____ __________ ________ ____ _______ "8#_ _______ ".# __ _______(_____
___ "-# ____ "+___ 1_=#_ __ _________ ____ _____ ____ __ _________ __ __
__ ___ ____ ___ ____ _ 4____ _________ ______ ___ _ _ _____ __ _______
______ "A______(__<______(_____________# ____ "8#_ _______ ______ _ _
______ __ __ =2C _______ "<_=________(__A______(_______# _____ ".#_ 8_____ ____
___ "8_______ # __ ____________ ___________ __ _________ ____________ _______
______________ "8._______ # __ _____ __ __ _____ ___ __ ___ ______ ______
______ __ _______ __ _______ __ ___ _____ __ _______(_______ ____ _
$_
_ __ ________ ___ ____
& __ __ _(___ __ _</_*$G ______ _____ ___ _______ _ ___ ______ __ _________
_____ __ __ _ ______ __ __ <2C_______(_____________ "-# ____ _ __ __ __ _
______ ___ 8.- ______ ____ ___ ______ __ ___________ "8._______ # _<= _
OH
OMe
OH OH
MeO OMe
p -hydroxyphenylpropane
Unit
Guaiacylpropane
Unit
Syringylpropane
Unit
O
OMe
O
O
OH
O
O HO
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OH
HO
OMe
OMe
OMe
MeO
OMe
á -O-4
â â ' â -O-4
â -1
O-5
â -5
5-5.
(a)
(b)
.)_ __/ _# _______ _ __ ___ __ __ ___ ____________
_______ ___*_ __ __ ____ __# _____ __ _____ _ __ ___
___* __ _________ _____ ___ __ ____ _,'_#_
$_
___ ____
;_______ _______ "_________ # ______ __ ________ __ ______ _____ ____
_____ __ ______ 8!.!- ____ __ __ ____ ___ _________ _______ _____ _ E_ _____
____ ____ ____ ________ ___ _____ " ___ _____# "8!.!- P?=!_!=# __ ___ ____
" ___ _____# ______ "8!.!- P D3!1!_<# _AA _ ___ _______ ____ __ _______ "____
___ ___ ____# _ ___ ____ ______ ______ _______ ___ _____ ____ ___ _ _
___ _______ ______ _________ __ - ____ "__ __ >2C# ___ _____ _______
8_______ _ __ __ _________ __ __ _____ 8-_______ _3_<A _
-______ __ ___________ __ ______ ________ __ ______ _____ _____ ___
_______ _ ___ _______ _______ __ ___ ______ _______ 8._______ ___ _______
12 __ 32C_ __ ___ ____ _ ___ _____ __ ________ ____ __ ________
"_2@3=C#_; __ _____ ____ ___ _____ "____ ________# ______ _ ____ __ *___ _A=
"8!.!- P =3!A2!A#_ '____ _(____ __ ______ _____________ __ ___ ______ _______
_______ _____ __ ___ ________ __ _______ _______ __ ___ _____ _______
_____ _A3 __ ___ ______ ______ _______ __ ____ ______ __ ______ __ ____
___ _____ _______ ___ ______ __ ______ ___ _____ _____ __ ______ _ _ _ ______
_____ __ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _ _ __ _____ ____ " ____ _____# _A> _ ___
____ __ ____________ __ ______ _______ __ ____________ _(______ _ ____ __
___ _____ (____ __ _____ __ __ ___ _______ (____ __ __ ___ _______ ___
______ (____ _______ ____ _______
___ _______ __ ___ ______ ____ ____ _______ __ _______ _____
___ ___ _______ ___ ______ __ ______ 8_______ ____ _____ __ _____ __
-_____ _______ __ ___ _____ _______ ____ ______ _ ___ _______ ___ ____
___ __ 8._______ ____ ______ _______ __ 8_____ ___ ___ ____ ______ _3 _
; ___ ________ ____ __ ______ _____________ _ ________ __ +____ __
8_____ _AD _ ___ ____ ___ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ _____ _____ __ _____ ______ ______
_________ __ __ ________ %________ _____ ____ ______ __ ________ ______
______ ___ ___ ______ __ ___ _______ ___ __ ___ _ __ __ __ ___ ______
______ _ ____________ 8________ ___ _______ ___ ______ __ _____ __ __
_________ _______ _ _____ _____ __ __ _______ ____ _ 5_____ ____ ___ ____
___ ______ __ ____ ______ __ ___ _____ __ __ ____ __ __ _ ______ __(__ 8._
_______ $_ _ __ 8_____ _A? _(______ ___ _ __ ___ __ __________ ___ __ ______
____ __._ __ 8___ ____ __ _______ ______ ____ _________ ____________
______ ____ ___ ____ __ _____(__ _____ ___ /? ____ "'/-<N/?# __ ___ _____
____ _______ ___ ________ _______ ____ _________ __ __ ___ _______ __ _ ___
____ __ _____________ __ ______ _______ _____ __ ______ ____ ___ ______
_=2 _ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _ ___________ ___ _____ _ __ ______ _<? _
______, _%_ ___'__
__ _______ __ __ _F__ ________ _________ _ _______ __ ___________ _ __ ____
____ ____ ______ _ _ _ _(_________ ____ ______ __ _____ ____ __ ________
______ ______ "______# ________ _ ___ _______ _______ _______ __ _____"
_____ "___ 1_3#_ ___ _ ________ __ __ _(______ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___
___ "_______ _ __ _ _(_ _ __ ______ # __ ___ ____ "_____ __ ________
__ #_ __ ___ _ _ _ ____ __ _ _ __ _____ _______ _________ @ ___ _ _
$$
_ __ ________ ___ ____
_ __ _______ __ ___ ____ _______ __ ______ _________ __ ____ __ ___ _______
__ _____ _ _ E________ __ ___ _______ __ ___ __ __ _________ _____ __
_______ __ ___ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ___ _(_____ ___ _(______ _____ ___ ______
___ __________ ___ ____ __ ______ _________ __ ___ ____ __ _____ ______ _;
___ _______ __ ______________ __ __ ___________ _______ __ __________ __ __
____ ______ ___ _____ ____ _______ __ _________ __ _____ _____ _____ ______
__ __ ___ ___ _________ @ ___ _(_____ ______ ________ __ _______ _____
___ @ __ ________ _______ _=_ _
____ __0 _4__ _____ __ ____ _1 _ ____ ____ __ ____ ____#_
8_____ __ __ ____.___ ___ __%__
(_____ ____*____ (_____ ____*____ $_____ __ ___ 2_=C
__________ _ ___________ _
___________ ________
;_____ _________) __ __ __
_______ _ _ _ __ ___ ___
.______
_____ 5____ /_________
____*____ ___ ____*____ ____*____ ___ ____*____ ________ ____ ________
-__________ _____ _____ ____
_____ _ __ _____ ___) /_____ __
_____ _ _________ __
'_______ ____ ______ _____
"__________ ____ _____ ________
_____ #
___ _______ __ ___ ___ ________ __ ___ ____ __ ____ ____ ________ ____
_____ ____(______ ____ 1 __ =C_ ___ ___ ____________ __ __ ____ ______
__ ______ ___ __ _____ ___ _(_____ ___ _____ _ _ _ _________ ____ _ __
__ __ ___ __________ G_______ ____ _____ "__ __ 12C __ ___ _____# __
_(______ __ _____ __ ______ _______ __ _________ ____ _
;_______ ___ _______ __ _____ _____ __ _(______ __ ____ ___ ____ ___
___ "___ 1_>#_ _____ __ _ _ ______ _________ __ ___ __________ ___ __
_ __ _=_ _ __ _________ __ ______ ________ ___ __ __ ____ ___ __
_______ ______ ___ _______ _ ___ ___ ___ _ ________ ___ ___ __________ __
____ ______ _(______ __ ___ _ ____ __ __ _ ______ __ _________ "_____
_______ # __ _________ __ ___ _____,(______ __ _ _ _________ ___ _______ __
_______ _____ ___ ______ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ______ _______
$-
___ ____
____ __1)____ _ __ __ _1 _ ____ __ __ __$ __ ___ ____
__ _____ __________ __ ____ __ _____ _____ __ ___ ____#
____ __ ____ __'_#_
_____ ____ ____ __ ___ _____ _%_ ___'__
"____ #__ ___ "____ #__ ___
H________ _____ 1_12 D_32 2__= 2__= +___ ____ ___ _ ____________ _
______ _________ _ ________
________ _ __ __ _(_
,____ 2_23 2_D2 2_<= 2__= +___ ____ ___ _ _______
__ __ ___ _ ________
________
;______N____
"?N_#
2_<2 2_>2 =_D2 <_32 $______ __________ _
________ ________ _
___________ _____
,_____N____
"DN1#
2_A2 2_A2 __D2 2_?2 /_______ ___________ _____ _
___ _______________ ______
4____ @ @ 2_3= 2_A2.______ ___________ _
__ ___ ________ _(_______ "__________ 32 O/#_
______,__ 4_____ + _______ _ "_____
/________ ____ ______ _____ _______ _ _____ __ __ _______ ____ ____ __
__ __________ __ ___ _____ ____ __ __________ "___________ # __ ___ ___ "______
____ _ __ __ ___ # ____ ____ " _____# _______ ________ _ ___ ______ _______
________ ___ __ _______ _ _____ _____ _____ __ _ ______ "1_______ ________#
____ _=A _;________ __ ___ ______ __ _ ______ ____ ______ __ ________ ___ ____
____ __ ________ ____ ____ __ _! "# ___________ "1 ____ #) "_# _ ____
_______ "< ____ #) "_# _________ "A ____ #) "_# _ __________ "= ____ #) __ "_# ____
_______ "3 ____ #_ ___ ___________ __ __ ________ ____ _______ ___________
__ ________ ________ _ ___ __ _ ________ ___ __ _@ __ ________ __ _____
_____ _____ __ ________ ___ ___ __ __ _______ _ +______ _________ __ ___
______ _______ ___ __ ___ _ _________ __ ___ _ __________ _;____ ___ _ __
___ ______ __________ ___ __________ __________ ___ ________ _______ __ ____
____ __ ___ ____ ______(___________ __ ____________ ___ _ ________ __
___ ___ __ ____ __ _____ _____ _3 _._ ___________ _________ ______ _____
________ __ _______________ ____ _ _____ ____ _(______ __ $_______ $__"
_________ __ _______ _____ _== _ +___________ ___ ______ __ __ _______ ___
___ ______ ________ ____ _________ __ _________ __ _____________ ___
___ ____ __ _ ____ ___ _ __ ______ _ ___ ______ _________ ___ _ _ __ ______
_____ "___________#_ _(___ "_______(___#_ ______ "_______ ________#_ __
_______ "________#_ ___ __ __ ___ __ __ ___ _________ ________ _3) _____
$/
_ __ ________ ___ ____
____ _____ _ __ ___ ____ __ 2_1@2_DC "_ __ __ ___ ____# __________ ___
____ ____ _____ __ ______ ___ _____ _____ __ ___ __ __ ___ _______ __ __
___ _______ _ ________ __ ____ 1_D_ __ _ ____ ___ _____ __ _ _ ______
__ ___ _____ _____ __ ___ __ __ ___ __ _____ __ _________
____ __2 _______ ___ __ __ _____ __ __ ___ __ ______ ___ _____ ____ __ ____ _0_#_
_&_____
_&_____
_$&__ ___
________
(_____
_&_+____
__ _____
_+ ____
__ ______
"______
_&________ ___
__ ______ _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _! _!
_____ ____ <?_2 <_2 A_= ____ =<_= @ @ @ ____ @ ____
_____ _______ _<_2 _D_= 2_= <A_= =_2 @ @ @ 2_= @ 13_2
___ _____ =D_2 1A_2 1__ <_2 A_= 2_= @ 2_A @ @ @
___ ________ 31_3 12_3 @ __A __> @ @ 2_A __> @ D__
___ __________
@ _____ A3_2 1_2 <_2 __2 >_2 @ =_2 A_2 11_2 @ D_2
@ ________ 3>_2 1_2 @ __2 <_2 @ __2 __2 12_2 @ <_2
___ ______ 3>_2 _D_2 @ 1_? 2_? @ @ 2_= 2_? @ 2_=
___ _____ 3A_2 1D_2 @ __< __= @ @ @ 1_2 @ 2_=
________ _________ <__2 <3_2 _2_2 2_= =_2 @ @ =_= __2?_= __=
;____ _____ ________ ___ __ __ ___ __ ________ __ ___ ___ _____ _ ______
____ ____ _______
5________ ____ ___ __ _ _ ___ ___ __ ___ ____ __ __ _ ____ __ __ _(_
__ ___ _____ ____ __ _______ _ ___ __ ______ _______ ___ "____ ___ # ____
_________ _____ *____ __ _ ___ __ ____ ___ ____ ______ ______ _ +_ __
_(_ __ _(_______ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ "_______ ______ _________
______ ______#_ ___ _______ __ __ _ ____ 2_<@2_AC_ ___ __ _(_ ____
2_2D@2_2?C "_ __ __ ___ ____#_ __________ ___ ___ _____ __ ___ __________
_3 _;___ ____ __ __ _(_ _ ____ ____ ___ __ ______ __ _ _ _________ __
___ ____ _(______ _ __ _______ ____ ___ 12 _________ ____ ___ __ ____
___________ __ ______ ____ __ _______ __________ ______ __ _______ ___ ____
_3@11 _____ ___ _ ___ _____ ___ "/_2@/_A#_ ______ ___ "/1A@/<2# __ ________
___ ____ _ _ _________
___ _(______ __ _______ _ _ ______ ____ ______ __ ____ _______
_______ _____ __ _______ __ __ __ ____ __ _________ __ ______ ___ _____
$0
___ ____
_ _ _;____ ___ _____ ______ _____ __ __ _ _____ ____ _____ _(______ __
_______ _______(_____________ _________ ________ ______________ __ ________
_______ ____ _________ __ _______ _=3 _ &_ ___________ ___ _(______
_______ __ ___________ _ _(_______ __ _____ _____ _______ ________ _ ____
______ ___ __ __ _______ ______ ____ _ _ ___________ -______ ____ _ __ ___
____ __________ ______ __ ___ _____ ___ _ ________ _______ _____ ____
____ ___ __ ______ _________ _3 _
; _____ _____ __ ___ _______) ___ _ __ ________ ___ _ ____ __ ___ _______
______ ____ ______ __ _________ ______.___ __ ___ _ ________ _____ ___
_______ ________ _____ __ _ _ ___ ___ __ ___ ______ ________ " __ __ <1#_ $__
_____ _ __________ __ ___ _(____ __ ____ ____ ______ ______ __ ____ _____ _
______ _____________ _____ ___ ______ _____ _______ _____ __ ___________
_=3 _ ___ _______ __ _____ __ ___ _____ ____ __ _______ ___ _____ ___ _____ _
_______ ___ ____ _ ___ _____@________ _______ ______ ________ ____
______
; _______ _____ __ ___ ______ ________ __ _______ __ ___ __________
_____ __ __________ ___ ___ __ ___ ________ __ ____ _ ___ _ ________ @
_____ A______(_ ________ A______(_ ________ ____ _____ __ ____ ____ _____
__ _______ @ __ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ _____________ ________ __ ___ ____ ____
___ ___________ ______ _____ _______ _3 _
; ____ _____ __ ____ _______ _(______ __ ________ _______ _
_____ ______ _ _______ ___ _____ _ ____ _ ______ _ __ _ ______ _
__ _______ _ ____ _______ __ ____ __________ ___ ____ __ __ _(______
_=_ _ /______ _ _ _ ________ ____ __ ______ __ _____ __ __________
_____ __ __ _(______ ____ ___ ________ __ ____ _______ __ _____ __ 2_1 __
3C_ ___ _ _(______ _ _______ ___ ____ _______ __ _____(___ _____ __ __
_(______ __ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ _______ _____ __ _______ ___ ___ ____ __
_______ __ ___ ______ __ __ _ ___ __ __ __ ___ ____ ___ __ _________ _ ___
________ _ ___ __ ____ ____________ _______ ____ _______ ________ _=> _
______,__ 4_____ + _______ _ #_ ____
___ _______ ______ _____ _______ __ _______ __ ______ __ __ ___ ____
____ _ $_ ____ __________ "_____ ______# __ ________ ______ _________ __
_____ ____ "_____ ___# __ _______ __ __(____ __ __ _____ "+___ __%#
__ ____ __________ _3 _ $_______ __ _______ ____ ___ ______ _ ____ __
_________ __ __ _________ '__ __ ___ __ _ _________ ___________ _ ______
____ ___ ____ __________ "$________ _______#_,(____ __ _ _______
____ __ _@ __ __ ______ _____ ______ _ ____ ___?2C __ ___ ___ ____ __
______ ")______ ____#_ __ ___ _________ ______ ________ _____ _ _____
__,__________ _____ _=_ _ 5___ _______ _ _______ _ _ ______ ______ _ __
_____ __ ______ _____ +___ __ '____ ______ @ _____ __ ___ _____ @
____ ______.___ __ ___ ______ ___ ___ __ ____ __ _ ________ ____ ____ ___ _
___ __________ __ ______ __ ____ ___ _______ _____ __ __ _______
______ _________ ___ __ ______ _______ __ ___ __ __ F______ __ ___ ____ ___ ___
$1
_ __ ________ ___ ____
_________ __ ____ _ +___________ ___________ "________ _________ ____ ___
_(_ ______ ____ # __ ___ ___ __ ___ _______ _______ _ ___ _(_____ __ ___
____ __ ____ __ _________ "______ ________!____ _________#_ ____ _____
_______ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ ____________ 4____ ___ _ ______ ____ __
____ __ ______ __ ___ K___ L _____ ___ _ __ _________ __ ______ __ K__ L
_____ __ ____ ________ ___ _ ______ ____ __ ______ _____ __ __A_____) ____
___ _________ _ ______ __ <_A ____ _ -______ ______ __ _ _(_ _ ____
___ __ ______ _____ __ ___ _ _____ __ _______ _ $_ _ __ ___ ____ ___ _ __
____ ____ ______ ____ __ +___ ____ _____ ____________ _ _____ ____
_ ____ __ ________ __ __________ ___ _3 _
___ _(____ __ _______ _ _ ______ ___ _______________ ______ _ ___ __
____ _______ _________ _______ __ ________ _____ __ _ ___ __ ______
_____ ______ _(_______ __ ___ __ _________;____ ___ _ __ _______(_________
_______ ________ _______ ____ ______ __ ____________ __ ____ __)____
_____ _ __ _____________ ________________ ____________ __ _______(_____
________ __ ___ _(____ __ +___ _____ _; _______ _____ ___ _________
____ ___ _______ _(______ __ _____ _ +___ _______ @ __________ _____
+___ __ '___ _____ @ _____ ___ _______ ____ __ _______ ____ __
____ _ _____ _3 _.___ __ ____ __ ______ ____ _____ _ __ (___ _ _____ ___ _
,_____ _____ _ _ ______ ___ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ____ _____ ____
__ ______ __ _________ __ _______ ____ _=D _
; _F__ _____ __ _(______ "________ ________ # __ _______ __ ___ ___
___ __ _______ _ ______ ____ _____ ______ __ ______ __ _______ _ _
___ _ ___ _______ __ ________ ____ ___________ _____ __ ______________
__ ______ __ _____ "__________ #_ ___ ___________ _____ __ _ ___ __ ___
___ ___ __ __ _____ "________ ______ ___# ____ ____ _______ _ _____ ____
__ __ ____ __ _____ ________ ____ _________ ________ _____ ___ ____ ________
_ _ __ __________ ________ ______ ___ ____ _______ _ _3 _ ___ ____ __ ___ ___
____ __ __________ ____ ____ _____ ____ _____ ___ _________ __ ____ __
__ ______ __________ ________ ___ _____ __ ______ __ _ ___ _== _ %____
_________ ________ __ ____ __ __ ________ ___ ______(______ __ _____ __
______ ___ _ ___ _F__ ________ ___ ___ _________ __ ___ ______ __ _____
__ ___ _______ "____<___ # __ ___ ________________ "____<_A_____ #_
___ _ ________ ______ __ ___ _____ __ _______ _ ___ _______ __ __ ___
____ ____ _____ _____ __ ___ _ ___________ 1_______ ____________ __ _____
__ _________ _______ _____ ____ __ _____ ____ _ '____ ______ __ ___
_ __ _____ ________ __ ___ ______ __ ___ _ ______ _.________ _______
___ _ ____ ______ ____ __ _____ _______ _ __ ___ _ ____ _______ ____ ___
___ _3 _.___ __ ___ _______ __ ______ ________ _________ ___ _____ __
___ __ ______ ____ "_____ __ _____ ______ ___#_ _____ _____ "_____ _______ ______
_____ ____ __# __ __ ___ ____ ___ _______ ____ __ ____ ____ _______ ____ _
____ __ _____ ___ ___ __ ____ _______ ______________ _ __ ___ _____ __ _
__ ________ __ __________ __ _______ _______ _=> _ ___ _____ __ __ ____
____ __ __ __________ __ _______ ________ ____ ___ _ _____ __ ____ __ _ 7__
___ _____ __ _________ ____ ___ __________ __ ______ __ _____ _3 _,(_____
$2
___ ____
____ __ ____ _________ ________ _____ ______ __ __ ___ _____ _ _ __
___ __ ___ _______ __ ___________ __ _________ _____ ______ ____ ____
____________ __ __________
'_ ___ _______ _____ ___ _(______ __ ___________ __ ___ _________ ____
__ ___ __ __ ___) _____ ________ __ _ _ _____ __ ___ ______ _______
____________ __ ____ ___ __ _______ __ _________ _____ _=>_=? _
_______ 9_)___ ________
___ ________ ___ _______ __ ____ __ ________ ________ __ ___ __ ___ __ ____
________ ____ _______ ___ ______ ______ ___ _______ __ ___ ________ ______
____ _ ____ __ _____ __ ____ __ ________ ____ ______ _ 2__ __ __2C __
___ _ _1) __ ______ ___ __ ____ __ _______ __ _________ ____ ___ _____
____ _________ ______ _ __ __ =C __ ___ _ _3 _ _____ _ ______ __________
__ ___ ______ _______ __ _____ _____ __ ___________ _________ " ____ ____
____ ___# __ __ ___ _______ ______ ___ ____ _A_32 _ 4___ _____ __ ___ _____
_____ ___ _____ _ _______ __ ________ _________ _ _____ __ ___ ___ __ ____
___ _ __ _________ ___ _______ __ _____ ___ _ _______ _ _ __ ________! ____
____ _ ______ _ __ ____;___ _ __ ___ ________ __ _________ ___ ___ __
_____ "____ ________# _____ _ _____ _ __ ___ ______ _______ ____ ___ _____
___ __ ___ _____ _____ ___ ________ "___ ____# "+___ 1_3#_ ___ ______
S 3
S 5
S 7
S 9
S 11
S 13
S 15
S 17
S 19
S 21
U 23
K 25
K 27
fraction
mineral components [ppm]
Ca K Mg P S sapwood heartwood
.)_ __0 5___ ___ __ 6__ _ ___ ___ ____ ___ __ ______
_______ _ __7 87 _ 7)7 9# __ ______ __ ___ ____
_____ __ ________ ___ __ _______ _# __ _______ __ (_)$/_9
______ _0___
$6
_________ __ ____ __ _____ _(___ _ _______ __ __________ __ ______
"A2@>2C#_ ___ ___ "_2@<2C#_ ____ ___ "=@_2C#_ ____ "__ __ _2C#_ __
_____ "___ 1_?#_ /_________ ___ _______ ________ ___ _________ __ ___ _
___ ___ ___ ____ __________ "_ ___________# ______ ______ ___ ________ __
______________ (____ ____ _A_3_ _ /_____ _ ______ __ ___ _____ _ __ _______ _
__ ___________ _ _ __ _ _ __ ___ ____________ __ ___ ____ ____ $__ _____ ____
____ ___;__ Q__ /__ __ *_ __ _ _ _____ ___ ___ __ ____________ __
__ ___ =2 ____ ___ _ __ _ __ _______ ____ _______ _ __ __ ________ ___
____ __________ _____ _ _ &_ _ ___ ________ _____ ____ ________ ____ _____
__ __ ___ __ M___ ______ ____ ".,$N_,$_,EM;#_ __ __ __ ____ ___ ___
______ __ ___ ____ ___________ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ _ _ ____ ____ __ ___
_____ __ _________ ____ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ __ ______ _(____ ______ ___
_____ "__ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ __ __________ ___ __ #_ __ ______ ______ _______
____ __6 (___ __ ______ ___ __ ______ ___ _____ __
________ _________ __ ___ __ ____ _0_#_
"_____ __
_!
:
_!
_)
_!
__
_!
;_
_!
_
_!
4_
_!
._
_!
<_
_!
._______
_____ ________ D<2 >>2 1>2 _1> @ @ @ _< __
___ _____ _D22 1=2 _32 AA2 _22 =2 @ _A 12
___ ______ 1_2 1?2 >2 1D @ @ @ _2 __
___ __% >3A <? __2?> 1D @ 3 @ @
________ _________ 1?= @ A_ 1= AA @ _< @ @
____ __% >=2 A22 __2 _A= @ @ @ 3 1
-______
___ ____ D12 3?2 _12 >1 1? <2 1 __ 1?
_____ __________ >A2 1>2 _D2 <A _=2 1< _2 1D
____ ________ __=2 DD2 <12 1=2 _12 @ @ _2
____ __% __<2 _1<2 1>2 1? @ _22 @ _1 _>
+___ ____ 3>A >D2 __ 1 < D 3 @ @
_____ ________ __1= =A< __> __ >A @ _= @ @
-7 _ __ ________ ___ ____
_____
__ "_ ____ _ ___ _ ___)+
_______ 5__ ___ ____ _ ___ =__ ____ _ ____ ____ ________
___ ____ ____ ___ __ _____ __ __ ___ ______ ______ _____ _____ __ _____
____ __ ____ ________ _____________ __ ______ _____ __ __ _____ __ ________
_________ ____(_ __ _____ ____ ______ _ ___ ________ __ ____ _ ____
____ __ _____ _____ __ ___ ____ __ ___________ _ -__________ _ __ _____ _____
______ ______ "_(_______ _______ _# __ ___________ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___
____(__ ____ _ _____ ______ _ _____ ___ __ ___ ____________ ______ __ ___
____ ___ _
_________._ ___ "_ ____ _ _ ________
'_ ___ _____ ____ ___ _________ _ _______ _ _ _______ _______ ___ ______
_________ _____ ___ ___________ _ __ ______ __ _______ _ &___ _ __ _____
__ ________ ____ _ ___ _______ _ ____ __ _______ __ ____ __________ _______ ____
_______ __ ____ <_= __ __ _________ ___ ______ "_______ # __ _______
______ _3_3< _ G_____ ________ _____ _____ __ 4;M. "_________ M___ ______
___# __ _______ ___ ___ _______ __ _________ ______ __ ______ __ ___ ____ __
< __ <= __ _________ __ ___ _____ __ _______ __; ___ __(_ _____ ____________
_____ ___________ __ _____ __ __ _______ __ _________ ______ _______ __
______ ___________ _ ____ _ ___ _______ __ ___________ __ ____(______ _2
__ <2 ___ ___ ___________ ____ _______ ___________ _______ _____ ___ ______
__ ___ ___________ _ __ ____ _____ /______ ____ __ ______ _______ ___
Hemicelluloses
Cellulose
Lignin
Glucoseunit
Cell wall layers Fibrillar structure
(a) (b)
.)_ __1 _# 9___ _ _____ _ ___ __ __ _________ ___ ___ _____
__ ____ _____ ______ ___ ______ _ __ __)__ 2______#_
__# ____ ___ _____ __ _ __ ________ _ __ ___ __ __ ___ ___ ______
_:; ______ _____!);)_____ ___! 9; 9______ ___ _9_7 9_7 9'#!
<; <_ _ _____ _=___ __ ____ _0,__#
___ ____ -_
__/ ___ __ ______ __ ___ _____(__ _____ __ ___ ___________ _ "______ _____ #_
_____ ______ ___ _______ __ ______ ____ ___ ____ __ ______ ______ _____ _
________ ________ ____ _ _ _(_ _ _______ ___ _____(__ _____ __ _______ ___
___________ _ _ __ ___ _______ _ _______ _____ ___ __ ___ ________ _______ __
___ _____ _________ _ _______
_________ 5__ ___ ____ _ _ ___ ____ ____
___ ______ __ __________ _____ ___ ___ ___ ________ ____ __ ___ _______ _ _____
____ ___ ____________ _____ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ "+__ _ 1_> __ 1_D#_ ___ ____
_______ _________ __ ___ ________ ____ ___ ____ _ __ __ __ __________ __
___ _______ _____ _____ __ __ _________ __________ __ ___ ________ _______ _
_____ __ _____ ____ ______ ____ ___ ___ __ ____ ______________ _3= _ ___ ____
___ ________ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __ _____ _______; _______ ____
______ ______ ___ _ _ ___ ________ ____ __ _____ ________ ___ _____
___ _ _ _____ __ ______ _______ ___ ______ _____ _____ _ ______ __ ____
_F____ ____ _ _ ______ ___ ______ _______ "$5# __ ________ K_________L
__ ____ _______ ___ ____ _
;_ ___ ____ ___________ ___ ___ ____ ____ _____ __ ____ __ ___ ___ ____
___ ___ _ ___ $5_ /______ __ ___ $5_ ___ ___ ____ ______ _______ __ ______
________ __ ______ __ ___________ _ _________ ____(_ ___ ____ _____ ___
___ ___ _ ______ ____ ___ ____ __ _ _____ ___ _______ *___ "H#_ ___ ____ ______
___ "_______ 2__ __# ___ _ _ __ ___ _ _________ __ ___________ ______
_______ __ ___ _____ _____ __ ________ ____ __ __ ___ __ _ __ ___ ____ (_
__ ___ _____ ______ ___ _______ _ ________ __ EH _______ 1222 __ _= 222
___________ _ ____ __ _____ __________ ____ _ ___ _ _______ _ ____ __
___ ___ ____ ___ (_ __ ___ _____ ____ "_D2O# __ ________ __ ________
____ _______ ___ ____ _D _;_ ___ ____ ______ _ ___ ______ ___ _ _____ ______
____ ____ ________ ________ ___ _(____ ____ ___ ______ __ ___ _____ &___ ___
______ _____ __ ______ ___ __ _(___ ____ __ ____ ____ _(__ ___ ______ ____
____________ /______ _ ______ __ ____(______ __ _________ __ ___________
____ ___ _______ ____ _________ __ ___ ___ ________
; ___ _________ ____ ____ ___ _______ ____ _______ _ ____ _____ __ ___
____ ________ *___ _____ "+___ 1_D#_._______ ___ __ __ _ _ _ ___ ______
___ ____ _____ ____ ".__.1_.<#_ ____ ___ _____._ "2__1@2_<= __# ___ ___ __
______ ____ __(_ __ ___ ______ ____ ___.1 ____ ________ _____ ______ ___
______ _ _______ "1@= __# "___ 1__2#_ __ ___ _______ _____ __ _________ ____
.< ____ "2__@2__A __# ___ ________ ___ ________ ____ ___ ______ _ __ _____ ____
__ ___ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ _ ___.1 ____ __ ___ _______ ___ __________
__ _ __ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ _______ ____ __ __ ___ ___ __ ________ _____
_____ _ __ _ ______ ______ ____ ____ ______ __ _______ _ __ ___ ___________ _
___ ______ __ ______ _____ ___ ___.1 __ __ ____ ___ <2 __ A2 __ _____
_____ __ ________ ____ __ _=2 __ ____ __ ___________ _______ _______ _ ___
.<_ ____ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ __ ________ ______ ___________ _____ __ ___
.__ _______ ___ _(_______ ___ __ _(______ __ _______ _
-_ _ __ ________ ___ ____
(a) (b)
5 μm 10 μm
CML
S1
S2
S3
S2
Fibre
Parenchyma
Cell
Cell corner
CML
.)_ __2 &__________ ___ ___ ____ ____ __ __ _ ___ __$
____ __ __ ___ ___ _____ __ _# ___ ____ ______
___ __ _____# __ __ __# _______ _____ __ ________ ____
_!_____ ____# ____ ____ __ ______ ___ _____+ __:; __$
_____ ______ _____!); ______ ___! 9; _______ ___
_9_7 9_7 9'# _0%__
____ ___7 =___ _ __*____ __ _____ _ __ __ ___ _____ __
_____ ______ ___ __ _____# ___ __ ____ _00_#_
____ __+_ __ _+__ (_____
___! _! ___! _!
$5NH __22 <<__ __22 _?__
._ 2_13 D_3 2_<D >_<
.1 __33 ==_2 <_3? >2_D
.< 2__2 <_< 2__A 1_D
____ ___ <_21 @ =_1_ @
___ _ _____ ____ __ ___ _______ ___ __ ________ __ ____________ __
_________,________ __ ________ _____ _____ ____ _______ ___ ___ ___________
__ ___ _____ __ _____ ____ __ ________ ____ __ __ ____________ __ ___ _ __
___ ______ ____ ".1#_ __ ___._ _____ _____ ___ __ ________ __(_____ ___ ______
______ __________ ________ ____ ____ =2O __ >2O ______ __ ___ ____ (_ _ __ ___
.1_ ___ ____ __ ___________ __________ ___ _______ _2O __ <2O _________ __
___ ____ -$
___ ____ __ _____ ________ __ ________ __ __ ___.< ___ ___________ __ ________
_ _ ____ __ _______ 32O __?2O ______ __ ___ ____ (_ " __ +___ 1_>_#_ ___ _
_____ ______ __________ __ ___ ________ ____ _______ ________ _______
_______ ______ __ ___ ____ ______ __ ___ _____ ____ _3> _ __ ___ ____ _____ _
________ ________ __________ __ ______ __________ " ______ ______ _____ __
___________ ______ # __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ ____ ___ __ ______ ____ ___ _______
____ __ ___.< _____ ____ __ __ _______ ______ ____ ___.< ____ __ ____
_____ ______ __ ___ ___________ __________ __ ___ ___ _____.____ __________
__ ________ ___ ______ __ ___ _______ _____ _ ___ _(____ __ E____ ___
" ________ _________# __ -____ _____ " ___ _______#_ __ ____ ______ __
_______ _____ _ ___ _(____ __ _____ ___ ______ _ __ ______ _= _
_______ ()______ _ ___ ____ _____
___ ____________ __ ______ ______ ___ ____ _______ ____ ___ ________ _ ______
___ ___ ___ ____ __ _ __ ___ ______________ _____ __ ___ ______ _______
(____ ____ ____ G_ ___ ____ __________ ______ _____ __ _____ _____________
_____ _____ _____ _ ____ ____ ________ _____ _____ _____ _ __ _________
___ ______ _ __ _ _______ ____ ____ ________ __ ___ ____ ______ "+___ 1_?# ____
___ _____ __________ __ ___ ____ _ ____ ____ __ F_ _ ______ ___._ ___ __
________ ___ ____________ _______ __ ___ ____________ ____ "______ ______ $5#
__ ___ ______ ___ "H#_ ______ _ ___ ________ ___ __ _______ _________
____ _3? _ ___ ____________ __ ___ ________ ______ _____ "$5 __ _F____ ____
___ ___# ________ ______ ______________ __ ___._ __.1 ____ _ __ ___ _____
___ ________ __ ___ _______ ___ < ".<#_ 5___________ __ ___ _______ ___
____ _______ _____ __ ___ _ ____ ___ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________ __
___.< ___ _ ____ _________ _3? _ ___ _ _______ _______ ________ _________
____ _____ __________ ___ ______ ______ __ ____ ___ _______________ ____ ___ _____
___ ____ _____ ___ _____ _ __ _______ _ __ ___________ _ _
;________ __ __ _______ ____ _______ %7 ______ ____ __ _______ ____
_ _ ___ _ 32C __ ___ __ ____ __ ___ ________ $5 ___ _ _ __ _______ _____
____ 12C _ _____ __ ___ _______ ____ -______ ___ ____ __ ___ ______ "3<@
>AC# _ ___________ __.1_ ___ ____ _ ___ ______ _ ___ ____ __ _ _ ______
?2C __ ___ _______ _ __ >2@D2C __ ___ ___________ _ _
___ ____ _______ __ _____ _______ "+_____?# __ ________ __ __ ____
%7 _ ______ _ ___ ____ ______ __ ________ ______ ______ _______ __
___ _F____.1 ____ ____ ______ _______ _____ ______ __ __________; _____
__ +____ __ __ "_?3?# _>_ ___ ____ ______ _______ __ ___ ________ ______
_____ _ ____ _____ ___ __ ___.1 __ ___ _______ _ ___ _____ _____ _____ "+___
___?_# ___ _________ _ ______ ____ _______ __ ___ _______ _______ _
__ _________ ___ ____.1 ____ ____ _____ _ _______ ___ _______ ____ __
_ ______ __ ___ ___ ____ _____ ____ __ ______ __ ___ ________ __._ __
8_____ "_?DD# _>1 _ ___ _________ ______ __ _________ ___ ___ _____ __ ___ _____
.1 _____ __ __________ _ ___ ________ ______ _____ _ __ _____ ___ __
______ _ ______ ___ _______ __ ___ _ __ ___ _____ ________
-- _ __ ________ ___ ____
.)_ __6 >? ________ __ _ ________ __ _ _________ _# _____ __ __ __ _____ __ __# _____
__ __ __ _______ _ _____ __ _ ____ ___ ______ ___ __ @___ ____ &__ ____ ____ ____ _
__ ________ >?$_______ _____ ______ _ __ _"% __ ________ _1____ __ ___ $
____ __ ___# __ _"% __ ________ _1____ __ _______ __ ___# _"@___"@__
___ ____ -/
______'._______ ________ _ ___ _______) "+____
__ __ ____ ____ _ ___ _______ ___ ____ ___ _______ _______ __ __ _ ___ __
_____ ____ "+__ _ 1__2 __ 1___#_ ___ _ ___ ___ _______ ___ _ _______ ____
___ __ ____ _______ _F______ ____ "_____ ____ ____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ _____ ____
_______ __ ___ ______ _____ _______ ____ ________ ____ ___ __ ______ #_
H__ ________ __ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ ___________
__ _ _ ____ ___ ____ _____ __________ _____ _________ ____ __ ___ __ _ __
__ ______ ___!
_ _____ ___ __________ ___ _________ ____)
_ ________ ___ __________ ____ ____ "________ _______ ________#)
__
_ ____________ ___ __________ _________ ____ __ ____ ____
._____ ___ __ ____ __ _F____ ____ ___ _ ___________ __ _______ __ ___ ___
____ __ ___ ________ ______ ______._____ ___ ____ ____ __ __ _______
_________ ____ _ +__ ___ _(_____ __ __ ____ _______ ___ ___ _______ __
_________ ____ __ ____ _____ _ ___ _______ ______________
___ ________ ____ _________ __ ___ ____ ____ "_ __ _ _____ _ _______ # __
______ _________ _________ ___ _______ "_______ # __ ____ ____ ___ ______
_____ ___ ___ _______ _______ _____ ___ ___ __ ___ _______ __ ___
-0 _ __ ________ ___ ____
M
M
M
(a)
(b)
(c)
[F] [P]
.)_ ___7 &__ ______ ____ __ __ _ __ ___$
_____ __ ___ ______ >_ _ ___ __ ____7
__________ ___ ___ ____ _____
_# 9_____ __ _ __ ____ ________ ____ __
_* _____ __ _____#_ &__ ________ __
__ _____ __ _ _________ _ __# 2__$___$
_____ __ __ ____ ________ ___ _)# __
_____ _A# __ ____ _!_____ _______#_ = __
________ ____7 __ __ _______ __ __$
____ __ _ ___ _ ___ _____ _# B_______ __
__ ____ __ ______ __ _____ ___ __ _____#
__ ____ ____ _____ &__ ___*$__*_ ____ ____ __
__ __ __ __ __ ______ _=___ __ ____ _0%__#
(a) (b)
3 μm 3 μm
.)_ ____ _____$__ ___ __ ________ __ _ __ _# ________ __
__# _ _____ __ __ __ ______ &__ __ _______ __ ________
_____ ___ _____ ____ __ ______ __ __ __ __ &__ __ ___$
____ __ __ ___________ _ _____ _____ _ _1 ______
_____ __ _ ______ ___ ___ ____ ____# _"___
________ ___ __ __ ___ _________ _________ __ ___ _____ _ ___ ____ _____ _____
____ __ ________ ____ ___ ___ _______ _ ______ __ ___ ______ ____ ___ __
____ _F______ ____ __ ___ ________ ______ ______ __ _ ____ __ ______ __
__________ __ _______ _ ___________ _ E_____ ____ ___ ______ __ _______ _ ___ ____
___ _______ __ ___ _______ _ ______ _______ __________ __ ___ ___ _____
___________ _____ ____ ___ _______ _____ ____ __ ____ __ ______ ______
___________ "___ ____# _____ _ ______ ___ ___ _(_ ____ ______ ___ "+___ 1___#_
.__ _________ ___ _______ ____(__ ___ ____ _ _______ __ ____________ ____
_____ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____ ____ _______ ___ _F______ ____ _ 4___ _______
______ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ _______ ___ _______ ___ ____ __ ____ _ _____
___ ___ ___ _______ ___ ________ ________ __ _______ ________ ___ _ ______
___ ___ _______ _ _____ _________! __ ____ _ ________ __ __ __ _______ __
______ ___ _________ _ _ _____
___ ____"________ ____ _______ _________ ____ __ ____ ____ _ '_ ___ ___
______ ____ ____ ___ _ _ __ _____ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___
__ ________ ___ _ _______ __ _______ _ ____________ ___ __ ______ ______
_____ "____ # _ ___ _______ ____._____ ____ __ ____________ ___ __ ___
K___________L __ K______L ___ ______ ___ _______ __ _________ ____ __
___________ _______ ____ ____ _______ _ ____ _______ __ ___ ______
_><_>A _
/__ ___ " _______# __ ___ ___ _ __ __ __ __F_____ ___ _____ __ ______ ___
____ _ __ _____ ________ _________ ___ ___ ____ ____ __ _____ _______
__ __ ___ __________ ___ __ __ ___ ___ __________ _______ _F____ ____ _ &_
___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _ ___ ________ ___ ___ _ ___ __ ______ _____ E_____ ___
_____ ___ _____ ___ __ ___ ____ _ ________ __ ___ ____________ __ ___
______ _____ __ ________ __ ____ _ E_____ ________ _________ ___ ____
___ ____ -1
(a) (b)
M
.)_ ____ A___ ___ __ ______ __ ________ __ _# _______
_______ _ __ __ __# __ __ _______ _ ____ ___ #_ &__ ______
___ __ __ ____ _ _4__ __ __ 1__ ________ ___
____ _ __ __ ______ ___7 __ ____ __ _____ ___ ___*__
__ ______ ______
__ __ _____ ___ ____ _______ ______ "________ _(______ # _ ___ ____
____ _____ ___ _______ _ __ ______ __ ____ _>3 _
___ _______ __ ____ ______ ___ _ __ __ ____ _______ __ __ _______
__ ___ ________ __ ________ ___ ________ __ _____ _ _____ ___ ________ ____
__ ______ __ ________ ________ __ __ ___ ____ __ _____ _____ ____ _
__ _________ __ __ _ _ __ ________ __ ________ ____ __ _____ __ ___
_________ _>> _ ____ _ "_________ ____# __ ____ _______ _ ___ ______ __ _____
___ _ ___ ___ _________ ___ ______ _________ ____ _ __ ____ _(____ ____
______ ____ ___ _ __ "+___ 1__1#_ ___ ____ _ ___ ___ _ _ __ ___ __ ____ ____ _
_________ _______ __ ___________ _ __ _______ __ __ __ _____ ___ ____ _
___ __ __ ______ ______ __________ ____ ____ _____ ___ __ ________
_______ _____
____'
___ __ ____ "_ ____ _ _ __
____'__ ____ _+___
___ ______ __ __ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ ____ _____ __ __ ______ __ ____ _
____ ___ _____ __ ________ _____ _____ ____ "+___ 1__<#_ E_____ ______ __
_________ ____ ___ __ _____ ______ ____ _____ __ ____ ___ __ ________ __
_______ _______ ___________ __ _____ __________ _____________ ________ __ ___ ___
___ ____ "+___ 1__A#_;________ __ _____ ________ __________ __ _________ ____
_____ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ______ ___!
-2 _ __ ________ ___ ____
(a) (b)
300 μm 300 μm
.)_ ___$ &________ __ ____ __ _# ___ ____ ___ __ _____#
__ __# _______ ___ __ _______ _# ______ __ ____ ___
__ ____ ________ __ _ _____ __ ___ __ ____ ___ _
9____ ___ ___ ____ _____
_ _________ ____
_ _______
_ _____
_ _ __ _
_________ ____ __ _____ ____ ______ ______ _ __ __ ______ __ ____ ____
__ _ ___ ________ _____ _ _______ ____ ___ _____ __ _____) ____
____ _________ ___ "__ # ____ (____ ________ ____ _;(__ ________
_ ____ ____ ________ __ _______ _ _____ __ ____ __ ____ __ _______ ______ _
__________ __ _______ ______ _____ _ ___ _ ____ _ ____ __ ____ _______
___ _
________ __ ___ __________ (__ ____ _______ __ _______) ____ ______
____ ____ __________ __ ________ _______ _______ _ _ _____ __ ___
_______ _ ____ __ ______ _F____ __ ___ _ __ " ________ _______ #_ __ ____
__ _____ _ __ " ____ _______ # ____ ___ ___ ________ __ ____ ___ _____ __
_______ _ ___ _ ____ ___ __________ ___ "__________ ________ _______ #
__ ______ ___ ____ __ ________ ______ "___________ _______ _______ #_
______ _____ _(___ ____ __ _______ _ __ _____ ___ _________ _______ ___
________ _______._____ __________ __ __________ __ ____ __ _ __ _______
________ _______ K_______________ L __ K_____________ L_ -______ ____ ________
__ ___________ _(_ _ _______ _____ ___ ______ ____ _____ _ ________
________ _>D _
___ ____ -6
#______ __ _________ _______ ___ ___ _______ ____ ___ ____ __ ____ __
______ _____ __ _______) ____ __ _____ __ __ ________ _ __ ______
___ __ ______ __ ____ _________ ____ ____ ______ __ =2@32 __ __ ___
_____ " _____ ____# __ ___ _______ __ __ "+___ __%#_ E_____ _____
____ __ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ________ ______ _______ __ _____
______ ___ __ _____ __ ______ _____ __ ________ __ ________ _____) ___
_____ __ ___ __ _____ _________ _______ __ ___ _______ _ __ __________
____ _
_______ __ _ __ ____ ____________ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ _____ ______ __
+____ __ _ _ ________ ____ ___ ______ __ __ ___ ____ _ ___ __ ___ _____
___ ____ _____ _____ ______ _ ___ ____ ______ ____ __________ __ ___ ______
_____) __ ___ _(_____ _ _ _____ ________ _________ ___ _ _____ __ ______ ___
___ _____ _ __ __ ____ _____
____'__ "____ ___ #_ ___ "_ ____ _
___ _F__ _______ __ ________ _______ _______ __ _______ _ _ __ __
___ ________ __ _____ ____ __ ____ _______ _
)___*____ "_________ ____ # _(_____ ______ ________ ___ ___ ____ __
____ _______ "________ ____ #_ ____ __ _ _____ _____ __ __ _______
___ ________ ____ ____ "__?2@?=C __ ____ _____# "+__ _ 1__< __ 1__=#_ ___"
_____ __ _______ __ _____ ________ __ ___ ___________ __________ ____ ____
___ _____ _____ ______ ________ ______ ___ __ _ ___ ______ __ _____ ____ __
/7 _ __ ________ ___ ____
(a) (b)
M
[P]
[V]
[F]
[P]
[V]
[F]
M
.)_ ___- _# &________ __ ___ __ _______
_____ _______ ___ __ _______ _#_ &__ ___
_____ __ ___ ______ ________ _______
_?#7 ________ ____ _)# __ ______ _A#_
__# ________ _ __ ___ _ ________ __ ___#
__ _____ _______ __ _# __ _ __ ___ ___
____+ _______ _?#7 ________ ____ _)# __
______ _A#_
(a) (b)
.)_ ___/ ________ _ __ ___ __ ___ ____ ___ __ _____# __
_# ________ __ __# ____ ____ _____
___ ___________ _______ _ ____ _22!_ __ ___ ______ "______ __ <@A ___ ___
_____ __ 1=@A= __# "___ 1___#_ /___ ____ ___ _______ __ _____ _______
__ _______ ____ ____ ___ __ ____ _____ __ ________ _______ __ _(_____
___ __________ __ _____ _____ __ ___ _______ _______ _ ___ _____ ________
___ _____ __ ________ ________ _____ ___ ________ _______ __ _______
___ _____ ___ _________ _______ _
_______ __ _ _ __ ___________ _________ _______ _____ __ _____ _____
__ ___ __ __ ___ _____ __ H______ ___ ____ ___ _ _ ________ ______ __ _______
___ ____ "___________ __#_ __ ____ __ ________ __ __ _______ "_______
_______ __#_ '_ ________ _____ _ ___ ___ __ ___ __ __ _____ ____ ______
___ __ F_ _ ___ __ ___ ____" # __ _____ "________ - ________ ____# __ ____ ___ __
Дата добавления: 2015-10-21; просмотров: 93 | Нарушение авторских прав
<== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
References | | | Log. absorption |