Preface

Pulp is a fibrous material resulting from complex manufacturing processes that

involve the chemical and/or mechanical treatment of various types of plant material.

Today, wood provides the basis for approximately 90% of global pulp production,

while the remaining 10% originates from annual plants. Pulp is one of the

most abundant raw materials worldwide which is used predominantly as a major

component in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, and with increasing

importance also in the form of a wide variety of cellulose products in the textile,

food, and pharmaceutical industries.

The pulp industry is globally competitive and attractive from the standpoint of

sustainability and environmental compatibility. In many ways, this industry is an

ideal example of a desirable, self-sustaining industry which contributes favorably

to many areas of our daily lives. Moreover, there is no doubt that it will continue

to play an important role in the future.

Although the existing pulp technology has its origins in the 19th century, it has

still a very high potential of further innovations covering many areas of science.

Knowledge of the pulping processes has been greatly extended since Pulping Processes

– the unsurpassed book of Sven A. Rydholm – was first published in 1965.

Not only has the technology advanced and new technology emerged, but our

knowledge on structure–property relationships has also deepened considerably. It

is self-evident that the competitiveness of pulp and its products produced thereof

can only be maintained through continuous innovations at the highest possible

level.

A recent publication which comprised a series of 19 books on Papermaking

Science and Technology, and was edited by Johan Gullichsen and Hannu Paulapuro,

provided a comprehensive account of progress and current knowledge in pulping

and papermaking. The aim of the present book, however, is initially to provide a

short, general survey on pulping processes, followed by a comprehensive review

in certain specialized areas of pulping chemistry and technology. Consequently,

the book is divided into four part: Part I, Chemical Pulp; Part II, Mechanical Pulp;

Part III, Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers; and Part IV, the Analytical Characterization

of Pulps.

In Part I, Chapter 2 and 3 describe the fundamentals of wood structure and

woodyard operations, whilst in Chapter 4 emphasis is placed on the chemistry

Handbook of Pulp. Edited by Herbert Sixta

Copyright © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

ISBN: 3-527-30999-3

XXIV Preface

and technology of both kraft and sulfite pulping, the mass transfer of cooking

liquor into wood structure and chemical kinetics in alkaline pulping operations.

The current technologies of dissolving pulp manufacture are also reviewed, covering

both multi-stage alkaline and acid sulfite pulping. Considerable effort was

devoted in the subsequent chapters to present the fundamentals of pulp washing,

screening, cleaning, and fractionation. These important mechanical pulping

operations are followed by a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art bleaching

chemistry and technology. High-purity pulps are important raw materials for

the production of high added-value cellulose products, and the necessary purification

processes are introduced in a separate chapter. A short overview on chemical

recovery processes and pulp properties concludes Part I.

Parts II and III provide a survey of the latest technologies on mechanical pulp

and recovered paper and recycled fibers.

Finally, Part IV deals with the analytical characterization of pulps. Since the

wood and pulp components are closely associated within the cell wall, the analytical

characterization covers not only molecular but also supramolecular structures.

A project such as this could never have succeeded without input from contributors

of the very highest standard. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the

contributors, for the high quality of their work and for their enthusiasm and commitment.

Individual sections of the manuscripts have been reviewed in detail by several

friends and colleagues, and in this respect the suggestions and critical comments

of Josef Bauch of the University of Hamburg, Germany (Part I, Chapter 2), Hans-

Georg Richter of the BFH, Germany (Part I, Chapter 2), Rudolf Patt of the University

of Hamburg, Germany (Part I, Chapters 3, 4 and 7), Othar Kordsachia of the

BFH, Germany (Part I, Chapters 4, 7, 8 and 11), Richard Berry of Paprican, Point

Claire, Canada (chlorine dioxide bleaching peracetic acid in pulp bleaching, hot

acid hydrolysis and Chapter 10 in Part I, hydrogen peroxide bleaching in Part I

and II), Chen-Loung Chen and Michail Yu. Balakshin of NC State University,

USA (chemistry of kraft and sulfite pulping), John F. Kadla of the University of

British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (chemistry of oxygen-, ozone and hydrogen

peroxide bleaching), Adriaan R.P. van Heiningen of the University of Maine, USA

(oxygen delignification, ozone bleaching), James A. Olson of the University of

British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Part I, chapter 6), Andrea Borgards, R&D

Lenzing AG, Austria (Part I, Chapter 8), Hans Gr-stlinger of Lenzing Technik,

Austria (bleaching technology), Wojciech Juljanski of Lenzing Technik, Austria

(pulping technology) and Mikael Lucander, Ilkka Nurminen and Christoffer Westin

of the Oy Keskuslaboratorio, Espoo, Finland (Part II, Mechanical Pulping) are

gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, I am very indebted to Alois Ecker of Lenzing

Technik for his valuable support for the mathematical computations of kraft cooking

and oxygen delignification kinetics. I also owe sincere thanks to the management

of Lenzing AG for the assistance granted to me by their library services.

XXV

In addition to my gratitude to all of these people, I also thank my family for

their great patience, understanding, and inspiring support.

Last, but not least, I would like to thank the publishers for the attractive presentation

of this book, and the personnel at Wiley-VCH for their cooperation and skilful

editorial work.

Lenzing, H. Sixta

December 2005

Handbook of Pulp. Edited by Herbert Sixta

Copyright © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

ISBN: 3-527-30999-3

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