Ukraine. We live in Ukraine. Ukraine is a sovereign state

We live in Ukraine. Ukraine is a sovereign state. It has its own territory, government,national emblem, state flag and anthem. The geographical

position of Ukraine is very favourable for the development of its relations with

the countries of Europe.

Ukraine is situated in Europe. It borders on many countries:

-Russia in the east and North-East

-Belorus in the North

-Moldova and Romania in the South

Ukraine is washed By the Black sea and the Asov sea in the South. The Black sea coast and the Asov sea coast are very popular places in summer because many people go there for rest.

The climate in Ukraine is mostly warm, yet it differs from one part to another. It's much colder in the north than in the South. The climate in the west is very wet, with a lot of rains especially in autumn and winter while in the south it's very hot and dry in summer. Due to favourable climatic conditions, Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural country. Wheat, maize and other corns, vegetables, all kinds of fruit are grown here.

The relief of Ukraine is different in different regions. The mountains are situated in the west. They are called the Carpatheans. They are picturesque in all seasons, because they are covered with forests. The Carpatheans attract many tourists.

The Crimean mountains are situated in the South. They are not so high as the Carpatheans.

But the territory of Ukraine consists mostly of plains. The Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimean mountains make up only 5% of its area. It is a well-developed industrial and agricultural country. But in general the relief of Ukraine is flat. Steppes occupy a great territory of the country in the South.

Ukraine is rich in rivers and water resources. The main and the longest river is Dnipro.There are also the Dniester,the Donets,the Southern Bug and others. 6 hydro-electric power stations are situated on it.

The biggest cities are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhya, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Lviv, Mykolayiv and others.

Ukraine has an ancient history. It has its own original culture and arts.

Надання граматичного матеріалу

«The Present Perfect Tense»

(Теперішній завершений час)

Утворюється: Have

+ Participle II

Has (3 ос.одн.)

Приклад: to write – I have written a letter

She has written a letter

to ask – They have asked a question

He has asked a question

Вживається:

а)коли дія до теперішнього моменту завершена і результат наявний (час дії не вказаний ex. I have seen Dnipro hydro-electric power station

Я побачив Дніпрогес

б) коли дія до теперішнього моменту завершена але час, на протязі якого вона здійснювалась, ще продовжується

вживається зі словами-показниками:

(today, this week, this month,this year …).

Ex. My friend has read a very interesting article about

Zaporizhzhya today - Мій друг прочитав дуже

цікаву статтю про Запоріжжя

в) вживається із прислівниками неозначеного часу

(ever, never,just,already,yet)

Ex. I have never been to Lviv

Я ніколи не був у Львові

Питання:

змінюється порядок слів(допоміжне дієслово - на початок речення)

I have translated – Have I translated?

She has written – Has she written?

Заперечення: після допоміжного дієслова ставиться частка not

My brother has not returned home yet.

Запам’ятати: якщо не вказується час здійснення дії, але дія минула,

то вживаємо The Present Perfect Tense

Порівняйте:

I wrote f letter yesterday - Вчора я написав листа

I have written a letter - Я написав листа

He translated the text last week-Він переклав текст минулого тижня

He has translated the text today -Він переклав текст сьогодні (період часу продовжується навіть до даного моменту)

Дата добавления: 2015-10-16