Higher Medical Education in Ukraine

Students can get higher medical education in Ukraine at institutions called medical universities, which are separate from traditional universities. Ukrainian students do not need any preliminary higher education to enter a medical university. The procedure of admission to medical universities has changed greatly recently. Nowadays, Ukrainian school-leavers do not take any entrance exams. Medical universities admit their students on the basis of the results of the External Independent Testing, which students take after their final school year. They have to pass tests in Ukrainian Language and Literature, Biology or Chemistry successfully to enter a medical university.

The course of studies lasts 6 years. For two years medical students learn so-called pre-clinical subjects, such as Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Human Anatomy, Histology. They also learn a foreign language, as well as philosophy, psychology and the fundamentals of economics. From the third to the fifth year the students have clinical subjects. They learn to diagnose different diseases, to carry out laboratory analyses and treat people for different diseases.

After their third year of studies medical students have a practical training, during which they work as nurses. After the fourth year they have another practical training. This time they work as doctors’ assistants at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals. During their 6-th year they gain more experience in one of the 3 main clinical subjects: Therapy, Surgery or Obstetrics. After the 6^th year of studies they work as interns at a large hospital for two years, specializing in one of the fields of medicine. So, the course of medical studies is long, but it allows future doctors to get a good knowledge of medicine and practical experience, necessary for treating people.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions:

1. Where can Ukrainian students get higher medical education?

2. How do medical universities admit their students?

3. When do Ukrainian school-leavers usually take External Independent Testing?

4. What tests do medical students have to pass successfully to enter a medical university?

5. How long does the course of studies at Ukrainian Medical Universities last?

6. When do medical students learn pre-clinical subjects?

7. What do medical students do during their sixth year?

8. When do future doctors start working as interns?

Exercise 7. Find corresponding equivalents in the text:

Здобувати хороші знання з медицини, вчитися діагнозувати різні хвороби, приймати студентів на основі результатів зовнішнього незалежного тестування, проводити різні лабораторні аналізи та лікувати людей від різних хвороб, здобувати більш досвіду, дозволяти здобути хороші знання, працювати асистентами лікарів, складати вступні іспити, українські випускники.

Exercise 8. Match the words with their definitions:

1. school-leaver   2. external independent testing   3. pre-clinical subjects   4. clinical subjects   5. practical training   6. entrance exams

a) subjects, such as Biology, Physics, chemistry and others, which medical students study in their 1^st -3^rd years of Medical University; b) subjects, such as Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, which medical students study in their 4^th -6^th years of Medical University; c) a person, who has finished school; d) part of studies, during which medical students get practical experience; e) exams, school-leavers take after finishing school in order to enter a higher educational institution; f) subjects, such as Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, which medical students study in their 4^th -6^th years of Medical Universit.

Exercise 9. Translate into English:

1. Як вони лікували його від грипу?

2. Вони не дозволили йому складати вступні іспити.

3. Його не було там 5 хвилин.

4. З першого по третій рік студенти вивчають доклінічні предмети.

5. Вона здобула великого досвіду під час її практики.

6. Після четвертого року навчання студенти будуть працювати асистентами лікарів у лікарнях.

7. Під час практичних занять студенти проводять лабораторні роботи та вчаться діагнозу вати різні хвороби.

8. Українські медичні університети відокремлені від традиційних університетів.

Exercise 10. Read the following numerals in English:

1. Cardinal numerals: 10, 12, 37, 91, 16, 245, 1568, 7, 21, 56, 982, 11, 67, 130, 3468 15 43, 786, 39, 347, 45, 2600, 2574, 59, 73, 82, 671, 83, 8945, 592

2. Change the cardinal numerals into ordinal ones: one, two, three, seventy-eight, twelve, nine, eleven, ninety, thirty-five, fifteen, twenty

3. Years: 2000, 1463, 1348, 1980, 1370, 2004, 1961, 1583, 1848, 1981, 1420, 1994, 2001, 1234, 1212, 1533, 1289, 1920, 2010

4. Dates: 22/09/2000; 01/12/1998; 03/10/2010; 17/08/2006; 30/04/1990

5. Time: 2.15, 3.20, 8.45, 10.35, 6.30, 7.15, 1.10, 2.40. 1.30, 7.05, 8.40, 7.50, 6.10, 9.20, 12.05, 3.15, 4.40, 8.10, 7.35

6. Fractions: 3/8, 1 1/2, 2/5, 4 1/3, 3/4, 1/2, 0.1, 2.35, 32.305

7. Percentage: 10%; 99%;12,5%; 55%; 3,9%; 88%

Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps with in, on or at:

……. September	……Christmas	……Saturday night
…….. March 25th	……spring	……night
............the afternoon	……New Year's Day	……noon
………1983	……10 o'clock	……the weekend
………Friday	…… midnight	……a summer day
………the evening	…… Sundays	……Friday morning
………9o'clock	…….Easter	. ……autumn
………a hot day	…… the 19th century	……a winter night

Exercise 12. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. He is twenty-seven now.

2. It is the tenth of September today.

3. He woke up at 6a.m. this morning.

4. She was born on the 11^th of February.

5. It is half past five.

6. He died two years ago.

7. It was Sunday yesterday.

8. He will be here in ten minutes.

Exercise 13. Put the sentences into the correct order to explain the term “clinical subjects”:

__It allows future doctors to see how the knowledge they got in the classroom can be applied in treating patients.

__Medical students study these subjects in their 4^th -6^th years of Medical University.

__Clinical subjects are such subjects as Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics and others.

__Studying clinical subjects is usually followed by a clinical practice.

__They learn to diagnose different diseases, to carry out laboratory analyses and treat people for different diseases.

Exercise 14. Fill in the gaps with the words from the table below to get an explanation of what is a practical training:

future doctors; practical training; a part of studies; doctors’ assistants; during which they work as nurses

Practical training is … for medical students.

After their third year of studies medical students have a practical training, ….

After the fourth year they have another ….

This time they work as … at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals.

Practical training allows … to see how the knowledge they got in the classroom can be applied in treating patients.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

I. Перекладіть словосполучення: випускник школи вступні іспити діагнозувати хворобу проводити лабораторні аналізи набувати досвіду зовнішнє незалежне тестування здобувати глибокі знання лікувати від різних хвороб складати вступні іспити працювати асистентами лікарів   II. Дайте відповіді на питання: How do medical universities admit their students? What tests do Ukrainian school-leavers have to pass successfully to enter a medical university? How long does the course of studies at Ukrainian Medical Universities last? When do medical students have clinical subjects? When do future doctors start working as interns?   III. Розкрийте поняття: клінічні предмети практика

Higher Medical Education in Great Britain and in the United States

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

bachelor's degree	[ˈbætʃələz dɪˈgriː]	ступінь бакалавра
completion, n	[kəmˈpli:ʃən]	закінчення
entry, n	[ˈɛntrɪ]	вступ
General practitioner (GP)	[ˈdʒɛnrəl prækˈtɪʃənə]	лікар широкого профілю
input, n	[ˈɪnˌpʊt]	надання інформації
mature, adj	[məˈtjʊə]	зрілий
obtain, v	[əbˈteɪn]	здобувати
pre-registration house officer	[preˌredʒɪsˈtreɪʃən haʊz ˈɒfɪsə]	незареєстрований сімейний лікар
relevant, adj	[ˈrɛlɪvənt]	відповідний
Senior House Officer	[ˈsiːnjə haʊz ˈɒfɪsə]	старший сімейний лікар
trainee, n	[treɪˈniː]	практикант
tutor, n	[ˈtjuːtə]	викладач
vocational training	[vəʊˈkeɪʃən^əl ˈtreɪ nɪŋ]	професійна підготовка

Exercise 2. Read the word combinations and sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:

Entry: entry permit; multiple entry visa; park car at the entry; no entry.

In the USA a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree is required for entry to medical school.

Completion: completion of education; completion of test; upon completion.

After successful completion of clinical training they graduate as Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery.

Trainee: undergraduate trainee; work as a trainee; trainee doctor; trainee teacher.

Traineescannot legally practice independently.

Tutor: scientific tutor; form tutor; private tutor. Students work on solving clinical scenarios with little input from tutors in the form of lectures.

Exercise 3. Complete the table with the missing words (you may need a dictionary):

VERB	NOUN	ADJECTIVE
complete
	addition
		educational
depend
		practical
	care
		special
succeed

Exercise 4.Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian:

To specialize in one field; after completion of medical school; entry to British medical schools; the course lasts five years; a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree; relevant exams; work independently as a GP; highly supervised jobs; followed by clinical experience at a hospital; two distinct styles; graduate as a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery; training in General Medicine and General Surgery; occur one year after graduation.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

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