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1. The theory of relativity of Einstein explaining the Universe mathematically is a powerful tool of physics.

2. The atom contains a number of electrons revolving around the nucleus.

3. (While) making one of his experiments, Yablochkov was seriously injured as a result of the explosion.

4. (When) speaking of water, we must remember that it is composed of tiny particles — its molecules.

5. Knowing harmful effects of gamma rays, we took special precautions.

6. Applying force, we produce motion.

7. Using semiconductors scientists transform solar energy into electric energy.

8. We communicated with the Arctic expedition using short radio-waves.

9. Electrons being negative move from lower to higher potential.

10. Having stated the laws of gravity, Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe.

11. Having studied nuclear reactions, we turn to the question of how these radiations interact as they go through matter.

12. Having designed a car radar, the engineers started complex tests.

13. A gas placed in a vessel fills it completely.

14. Carbon atoms bound together form a chain.

15. Organic compounds called hydrocarbons have only hydrogen and carbon.

16. Electrical energy produced on board of spacecraft from chemical, nuclear or solar energy is not efficient enough.

17. The described method is widely used in electroplating.

18. A detailed discussion of the exact nature of all fundamental particles dealt with physics is unnecessary in his book.

19. When heated solids expand little as compared with liquids.

20. When passed through a motor, electric current can do work.

Тема 22. Независимый причастный оборот

  Основные формальные признаки НПО: 1. Существительное (местоимение в именительном падеже), стоящее перед причастием; 2. Наличие запятой, которая всегда отделяет НПО.   Когда НПО стоит в начале предложения, он переводится с помощью союзов «когда», «так как», «после того, как», «если», «поскольку». The professor being ill, the lecture was put off. Так как профессор болел, лекцию отложили. The experiment having been finished, the conference started. Когда эксперимент был завершен, началась конференция. The device tested, the scientists left the lab. После того, как прибор протестировали, ученые вышли из лаборатории.   Когда НПО стоит в конце предложения, он переводится с помощью союзов «и», «а», «но», «причем». The inventor demonstrated his new device, the students watching its operation very attentively. Изобретатель продемонстрировал свой новый прибор, а студенты наблюдали за его работой очень внимательно.

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