Medical education in great Britain and in the United States

HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

1. Translate the following word combinations into your language:

Gain practical experience, work as doctors' assistants in hospitals, the procedure of admission to medical universities, allow future doctors to get a good knowledge of medicine and practical experience, Ukrainian school leavers, take entrance exams, results of the External Independent Testing, separate from traditional universities, learn to diagnose different diseases, carry out laboratory analyses and treat people for different diseases.

The text

Students can get higher medical education in Ukraine at institutions called medical universities, which are separate from traditional universities Ukrainian students do not need any preliminary higher education to enter a medical university. The procedure of admission to medical universities has changed greatly recently. Nowadays Ukrainian school-leavers do not take any entrance exams. Medical universities admit their students on the basis of the results of the External Independent Testing, which students take after their final school year. They have to pass tests in Ukrainian Language and Literature, Mathematics or the History of Ukraine and Biology or Chemistry successfully to enter a medical university.

The course of studies lasts 6 years. For two years medical students learn so-called pre-clinical subjects, such as Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Human Anatomy, Histology. They also learn a foreign language, as well as philosophy, psychology and the fundamentals of economics. From the third to the fifth year the students have clinical subjects. They learn to diagnose different diseases, to carry out laboratory analyses and treat people for different diseases.

After their third year of studies medical students have apractical training, during which they work as nurses. After the fourth year they have another practical training. This time they work as doctors' assistants at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals. During their 6-th year they gain more experience in one of the 3 main clinical subjects: Therapy, Surgery or Obstetrics. After the 6^th year of studies they work as interns at a large hospital for two years, specializing in one of the fields of medicine. So, the course of medical studies is long, but it allows future doctors to get a good knowledge of medicine and practical experience, necessary for treating people.

3. Pay attention to the use of prepositions:

on the basis of - на основі

for two years - на протязі

from the third to the fifth year - з третього поп'ятий рік

treat for - лікувати від

4. Answer the questions:

a) Where can Ukrainian students get higher medical education?

b) Do Ukrainian students need any preliminary higher education to enter a medical university?

c) Do Ukrainian school -leavers have to take any entrance exams nowadays?

d) How do medical universities admit their students?

e) When do Ukrainian school-leavers usually take External Independent Testing?

f) What tests do they have to pass successfully to enter a medical university?

g) How long does the course of studies last at Ukrainian Medical Universities?

h) When do medical students learn pre-clinical subjects?

i) When do they have clinical subjects?

j) What do they do during their sixth year?

k) When do future doctors start working as interns?

5. Find the equivalents of the following word combinations in the texts:

Здобувати хороші знання з медицини, вони вчaться діагнозувати різні хвороби, приймати студентів на основі результатів зовнішнього незалежного тестування, проводити різні лабороторні аналізи та лікувати людей від різних хвороб, здобувати більш досвіду, дозволяти здобути хороші знання, працювати аcистентами лікарів, складати вступні іспити, українські випускники.

6. Read the following numerals in English:

a) 10, 12, 37, 91, 16, 245, 1568, 7, 21, 56, 982, 11, 67, 130, 3468 15 43, 786, 39, 347, 45, 2600, 2574, 59, 73, 82, 671, 83, 8945, 592

b) Years: 2000, 1463, 1348, 1980, 1370, 2004, 1961, 1583, 1848, 1981, 1420, 1994, 2001, 1234, 1212, 1533, 1289, 1920, 2010

c) Time: 2.15, 3.20, 8.45, 10.35, 6.30, 7.15, 1.10, 2.40. 1.30, 7.05, 8.40, 7.50, 6.10, 9.20, 12.05, 3.15, 4.40, 8.10, 7.35

d) Fractions: 3/8, 1 1/2, 2/5, 4 1/3, 3/4, 1/2, 0.1, 2.35, 32.305

e) Dates: 22/09/2000: 01/12/1998: 03/10/2010; 17/08/2006: 30/04/1990

f) Percentage: 10%; 99%; 12.5%; 55%; 3.9%; 88%

g) Change the cardinal numerals into ordinal ones: one, two, three, seventy-eight, twelve, nine, eleven, ninety, thirty-five, fifteen, twenty

7. Put questions to the underlined words:

a) He is twenty seven now.

b) It is the tenth of September today.

c) He woke up at 6 a.m. this morning.

d) She was born on the 11^lhof February.

e) It is half past five.

f) He died two years ago.

MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IN THE UNITED STATES

1. Translate the following word combinations into your language:

To specialise in one field, after completion of medical school, entry to British medical schools, the course lasts five years, a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree, relevant exams, work independently as a GP, highly supervised jobs, followed by clinical experience at a teaching hospital, commence medical studies, two distinct styles, aim to develop a mature and self-sufficient style of learning, graduate as a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, encourage students to work on solving clinical scenarios, training in General Medicine and General Surgery, occur one year after graduation, with little input from tutors in the form of lectures.

2. Read the text about medical education in Great Britain:

British students generally commence their medical studies without any preliminary higher education, typically at the age of eighteen or nineteen. This contrasts with the U.S. system, where a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree is required for entry to medical school. Entry to British medical schools is very competitive. In Britain the course lasts five years, including 2 years of preclinical training, followed by clinical experience at a teaching hospital for additional 3 years. After successful completion of clinical training they graduate as Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery.

In Great Britain the delivery of medical education is traditionally divided into two distinct styles. Problem Based Learning aims to develop a mature and self-sufficient style of learning by encouraging students to work on solving clinical scenarios with little input from tutors in the form of lectures. Traditional Courses are classically lecture-intensive with much more time devoted to didactic teaching.

In the final year of medical school medical students become Pre-registration house officers. Before obtaining full registration with the General Medical Council (which occurs one year after graduation), trainees are legally only able to work in certain highly supervised jobs and cannot legally practice independently.

After completion of medical school, junior doctors go through a vocational training phase, during which they practicein a variety of different specialities. These must include training in General Medicine and General Surgery but can also include other fields such as Paediatrics or General Practice. After that a doctor can choose to specialise in one field. The majority of doctors the UK work in the community as General practitioners (GPs). To train as a GP, one completes two years of posts as a Senior House Officer (SHO) in a variety of hospital specialties - often including paediatrics, psychiatry, care of the elderly and obstetrics & gynaecology. After completing this training and the relevant exams, the doctor can work independently as a GP.

3. Pay attention to the use of prepositions:

At the age of,- у віці

Entry to - вступ до

Devote to - присвятити (чомусь)

in the final year - на останньому курсі

Obtain registration with - здобути реєстрацію у

Go through a phase - пройти через фазу

Training in General Medicine - тренування з загальної медицини

Work as General Practitioners - працювати терапевтами

4. Answer the questions:

1) Do British students have to get any preliminary higher education before entering a medical school?

2) How long does a course of studies at a British Medical School last?

3) What parts does the course of studies at a British Medical school consist of?

4) What degree do British medical students get after successful completion of clinical training?

5) What are the two main styles of delivery of medical education in Britain?

6) What do British medical students become in the final year of medical school?

7) In which jobs are trainees legally able to work before obtaining full registration with the General Medical Council?

8) What do junior doctors do after completion of medical school?

9) What does the vocational training phase include?

10) When can a doctor work independently as a GP?

5. Put questions to the underlined words:

a) He is the smartest in his group.

b) It was a very unpleasant journey.

c) He told the funniest stories of all.

d) It will take a long time to understand it.

e) He is very hard-working, so he has good results.

6. Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of the adjectives in brackets:

a) It is... (important) for future medical specialists to learn Anatomy than Literature.

b) Who is... (young) in your family?

c) This article is... (long), but that one is... (long), I think, it is... (long) article in the newspaper.

d) A: It was a... (good) day.

B: Yes, it was... (good) day in my life.

e) It was really... (cold) in the morning.

f) It was... (beautiful) place he had ever seen before.

g) Look! It is very... (important)! Don't forget about it! h) What is the... (fast) way to the station?

i) No, it is too... (strange) to be true. j) Why is he so... (unhappy) today?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30