III. Match the words and word combinations with their definitions.

A	B
1. to fall foul of the law	a. a report of or cause for compensation, especially of unjust treatment.
2. to make amends	b. to tell a lie on purpose.
3. grievance	c. the body of written laws established by Parliamentjudging and finding guilty of an offence.
4.equity	d. to get into trouble with law.
5. a bargain	e. the power of giving justice in a court of law.
6.statute law	f. give compensation, to repay for some harm, damage, etc.
7. foundations	g. that on which an idea, belief, etc., rests.
8. legacy	h. the principle of justice which may be used to correct law, when that law would cause hardship in special cases.
9. common law	i. an agreement, especially one to do smth. in return for something else
10.judicature	j. the unwritten law based on custom & court decisions
11. to perjure	k. money or personal possessions that pass to someone on the death of the owner according to his official written will

IV. Complete the sentences with the words in the box:

Under duress, validity, give smb. a remedy, grievance, Probate Court, perjure, fall foul of the law, imminent danger,delegate, equity.

1. The trade union leader spoke about the ……………………………..of the workers.

2. If you steal, you’ll soon ……………………

3. You don’ t know enough about the subject to question the ……………….of my statements.

4. A defendant committed an offence because he was terrorized & was acting ………………..

5. Deadly force may be employed whenever one reasonably believes that he is placed in ……………………………..of death.

6. The division and transfer of a deceased person’s property can be done only by the …………………………..

7. If a person could satisfy the Court of Chancery that he had suffered as a result of some wrongdoing by another person, the Court would …………………………….

8. The law that was given in the Court of Chancery was known as ……………….. meaning even-handedness and fairness.

9. Not every monarch made a good judge, that was why Kings often …………………….their work in the courts to others.

10. In ordeal by water the person whose oath was being tested was thrown in, if he floated his oath was deemed to have been …………………..

V. Fill in the required prepositions:

1. Judges play an essential part in the lives of individual citizens – presiding………..cases of

those accused………..crime, deciding disputes…………citizens e.t.c.

2. Many countries of the former British Empire draw ……… English system of laws.

3. Almost all the main courts of today can be traced …….. to William’s Curia Regis

4. ………..the passage ….. time the Court of Chancery tended to specialize …… certain areas of law.

5. The expression “a Chancery” in wrestling stems …… the days of bare-fisted fights.

6. As the popularity of the Court of Chancery grew it couldn’t cope………… the volume of petitions presented …..it.

7. In 1606 Sir Edward Coke refused to convict ……… perjury a man who had lied ……oath in
the Court of Requests ……….the ground that it was “not a court”.

8. The work of the Court of Chancery became formalized and cases were bogged……… interminable delays.

9. The legal history of GB is rich …….. landmark cases in which judges of the common law courts were revered ……….. great” common lawyers”.

VI. Translate these sentences into English using the Active Vocabulary:

1.Если Вы нарушите свою часть договора, то мы подадим жалобу в суд.

2.Этот судья - хитрая лиса. Он знает как найти юридическую лазейку, используя технические формальности.

3.Вы всегда сможете передать часть своих полномочий своему заместителю, если возникнет необходимость.

4.Со временем она завоевала отличную репутацию и стала воплощением честного и справедливого судьи.

5.После того, как общественности стало известно о плачевном положении Cомерсета и его дело было положительно рассмотрено в суде, лорд Мэнсфилд отменил рабство в Англии, сказав: “ Воздух Англии слишком чист для любого раба”.

6.Это не в моей компетенции, но я полагаю, что подзащитный будет оправдан, т.к. он действовал по принуждению, в ситуации неминуемой угрозы смерти.

7.На каком основании Вы подвергаете сомнению юридическую силу моих утверждений?

8.Обратная сторона медали показывает, что существуют люди, умеющие обходить закон. Необходимо положить этому конец раз и навсегда.

Speaking

Exercises

I. Read the part “Common Law” and say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.

1. William the Conqueror grasped England in 1066.

2. William’s Curia Regis set the foundations for the present day courts.

3. Kings delegated their work in the courts to others mainly because they found it unimportant.

4. An Assize was an early form of a special court held by an important judge travelling different parts of the country.

5. Judges travelling on Assize saw to it that national laws would apply to everyone everywhere.

6. The Common law was called like that because common people used to take part in making it.

7. The Common law, originally based upon the common customs of the country, has a reputation for sound common sense and justice.

II. Answer the questions about the text:

1. What are the foundations & development of the law compared to?

2. What two major palaces are chosen for comparison and why?

3. Why are the laws and constitution referred to as “invisible”?

4. What is a statute and statute law?

5. What do Year Books contain?

6. Why are law reports and Year Books so important?

7. What is judge-made law and what two main types are judge-made laws divided into?

III. Read the part “Equity”. In pairs find required information.

A. Find information about:

1. drawbacks of the common law courts

2. how the Court of Chancery appeared

3. the example illustrating how the common law courts & the Court of Chancery could differ

4. the reputation the Court of Chancery earned with the passage of time

B. Find information about:

1. petitioning the King to “redress the grievances”

2. three important conditions which a person seeking justice from the Court of Chancery had to meet

3. the reason why the Court of Requests came under mighty attacks from the common law courts

4. the example where the courts have refused to alter the law, but recommended that Parliament should consider reform

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