Exercise 3. Explain in English.

PRE-READING ACTIVITIES

Answer the following questions.

1) What can you say about the problem of environmental pollution?

2) What causes of environmental pollution do you know?

3) What ways of environmental protection are known to you?

4) What do you know about environmental movement?

5) If everything depended only on you, what would you do for environmental protection?

6) What can you say about your personal contribution to environmental protection?

TEXT 1

Environmental pollution is contamination of air, water and land from man-made waste. Pollution leads to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change. Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particles into the atmosphere. Water pollution includes surface runoff, leakage into groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharge and littering. If toxins are spilled on the ground or if an underground storage tank leaks, soil can become contaminated. Well known contaminants include herbicides and pesticides. Toxic waste is waste material, often in chemical form, which pollutes the natural environment and contaminates groundwater.

Other types of pollution include ocean pollution and noise pollution. Environmental pollution can have a deadly effect on humans and ecosystems. For example, cigarette smoke, including second-hand smoke, causes cancer, emphysema, stroke and heart attack. Drinking water can become contaminated by untreated sewage, rashes and skin problems occur due to oil spills, while excessive noise can cause hearing loss. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 to put a limit on the amount of pollutants in the air. Congress passed the Clean Air Act in 1963, the Noise Control Act in 1972 and the Clean Water Act in 1977. Pollution is a bigger concern in other parts of the world, especially developing countries. Time Magazine reported in 2007 that the most polluted spots in the world included China, India, Peru and Russia.

Exercise 1. Give Ukrainian equivalents.

contamination of air; man-made waste; depletion of the ozone layer; the release of chemicals into the atmosphere; surface runoff; leakage into groundwater; liquid spills; wastewater discharge; litter; second-hand smoke; stroke; heart attack; untreated sewage; rashes; excessive noise.

Exercise 2. Give English equivalents.

промислові відходи; виснаження озонового шару; злив стічних вод; сміття; пасивне паління; напад; нечистоти; висипання; глобальне потепління; токсичні відходи; втрата слуху; встановити межу; найбільш забруднені місця.

Exercise 3. Explain in English.

man-made waste; depletion; littering; toxic waste; noise pollution; second-hand smoke; untreated sewage; to put a limit on; developing countries.

Exercise 4. Are these statements true, false or not stated? Correct the false ones. If the statement is true enrich it with details.

1. Depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change are caused by the contamination of air.

2. Soil becomes contaminated because of toxins.

3. Toxic waste pollutes the natural environment and contaminates water.

4. Environmental pollution includes air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution and ocean pollution.

5. Second-hand smoke causes cancer, emphysema, stroke and heart attack.

6. The US EPA was established to purify the air.

7. Pollution is a bigger concern in all parts of the world.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30