Lesson 4. Deforestation is a threatening thing.

Exercise 1. Look at the picture and describe it.

Would you like to visit such a place? Why?

Are forests treasures of our planet? Do forests play a great role on our planet?

Are the tropic forests lungs of our planet?

Exercise 2. Match words with their translation.

1.intergrated ecosystems a) утримувати водний баланс

2. shelter from the forest б) під загрозою

3. to keep water balance в)сприяти збереженню лісів

4. to prevent soil erosion г)рециркульовані продукти

5. under threat д)інтегрована екосистема

6. national emergency е) притулок у лісі

7. to contribute in saving trees є) надзвичайний стан країни

8. recycled products ж)попередити ерозію грунтів

Exercise 3. Listen to the text and write down all proper nouns that are mentioned in the text.

Deforestation

Forests are not only a collection of different trees. They are integrated ecosystems with varied forms of life. Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet. They produce vital oxygen and provide homes for people and wildlife. Many of the world’s most threatened animals live in forests. And millions of people people get food, fresh water, clothing, traditional medicine and shelter from the forest.

Trees play a key role in keeping water balance between water on land and atmosphere. The tree anchors keep the water. In such a way they prevent soil erosion.

But forests around the world are under threat from deforestation. Deforestation is a threatening thing. For example West Africa has lost about 90 percent of its coastal rainforests. Since 1950 40 percent of all rainforests in South America have been lost. Madagascar has lost 90 percent of its eastern rainforests.

Deforestation is a global problem because it leads to changes of the climate and different catastrophes. Several countries have declared deforestation a national emergency. But every person can contribute to saving trees. There are some solutions: plant trees, recycle and buy recycled products, take part in environmentally friendly conferences.

Exercise 4. Find the right answer.

1. This text is about:

а)deforestation in the South Africa

b) deforestation in the world

c) soil erosion prevention

2.Forests play a great role:

а)in keeping water balance

b) in producing harmful substances

c) leading to soil erosion

3. Nowadays forests are under threat of:

а) dissapearing

b) enlarging

c) changing

4. They say there is a solution if everybody:

а) takes part in different scientific conferences

b)goes to the forest more often

c) uses recycled products

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

1. Are forests full of varied forms of life?

2. Is it a shelter to animals and people?

3. What do forests produce?

4.What do people get from the forest?

5.What plays a key role in keeping water balance?

6. What prevents soil erosion?

7. Is deforestation a global problem? Can you prove your opinion?

8. Can everyone contribute to saving forests? How?

Exercise 6. Grammar corner.

Модальне дієслово ought to

Модальне дієслово ought to — повинен, слід має тільки одну форму часу.

Стверджувальна форма: I ought to go.

Питальна форма: Ought I to go?

Заперечна форма: I ought not (oughtn't) to go.

Після модального дієслова ought смислове дієслово завжди вживається в формі інфінітива з часткою to:

Форма ought в українській мові звичайно відповідає умовному способу.

Модальне дієслово ought вживається для вираження морального обов'язку:

You ought to help your sister.

(Тобі слід було б допомогти сестрі.)

Such things ought not to be done.

У сполученні з перфектним інфінітивом дієслово ought to виражає докір або осуд з приводу невиконання дії або обов'язку (стверджувальна форма) або осуд за виконання дії (заперечна форма):

You ought to have come in time.

You ought not to have touched my papers.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences suing modal verbs.(can, could, may, might, ought to).

1. We … to stop deforestation in the world.

2. Mother … speak French very well.

3. Look at this bird! I … to help it.

4. … you help me?

5. It … be a mistake!

6. He … speak so loudly. The baby is afraid.

Lesson 5. Air pollution

Exercise 1. Look at the pictures and describe them. Is the situation critical? Why?

Is it possible to breath air in picture № 2?

Beijing China air on a day after rain (left) and a sunny but smoggy day (right) August 2005

Execise 2. Explain words.

1. Water pollution

2. The Earth

3. Under threat

4. Ozone holes

5. pollutants

6. smog

Exercise 3. Read the text and give a title to it.

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