Choose one of the options to fill in the gaps. 1. ___ the necessary results, we stopped our experimental work.

1. ___ the necessary results, we stopped our experimental work.

a) having obtained b) having been obtained c) being obtained

d) obtained

2. ___ the programme, he found some errors.

a) debugging b) having debugging c) having been debugged

d) being debugged

3. ___, the device began working much better.

a) repairing b) having repaired c) having been repaired

d) being repaired

4. The ___ composites do not meet modern requirements.

a) existed b) being existed c) having existed d) existing

5. ___ cobalt to electrode materials we can increase their catalytic characteristics.

a) adding b) having added c) added d) being added

6. The persons ___ a committee are required to submit several documents to the Board.

a) having formed b) forming c) being formed d) formed

7. Industries ___ steel and chemicals require very large quantities of raw materials.

a) having produced b) produced c) producing d) being produced

8. A country ___ to limit its population may discourage immigration and encourage emigration.

a) being wished b) having wished c) wished d) wishing

9. With his experience ___, he became wiser.

a) grown b) being grown c) grows d) growing

10. This problem can be solved by creating a metal layer with the ___ characteristics.

a) controlling b) having controlled c) being controlled d) controlled

11. All preparations ___, the installation was put into operation.

a) having made b) being made c) making d) made

12. Chromium ___, the strength and hardness of steel increases.

a) having added b) adding c) added d) been added

13. The article deals with microwaves, particular attention ___ to radio location.

a) paid b) having paid c) paying d) being paid

14. A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, there ___ no cause to change that motion.

a) having been b) been c) being d) had been

15. ___ the possible relationship between capacity and expected output, we now examine the output changes.

a) having been explored b) being explored c) having explored

d) explored

Appendix IV. Irregular Verbs

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Translation
be	was; were	been	быть, находиться
bear	bore	born	носить, выносить
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать(ся)
bind	bound	bound	связывать
bite	bit	bitten	кусать
blow	blew	blown	дуть
break	broke	broken	ломать
bring	brought	brought	принести
build	built	built	строить
burn	burned / burnt	burnt	жечь, гореть
burst	burst	burst	взорваться
buy	bought	bought	купить
catch	caught	caught	ловить
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
cut	cut	cut	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело
dig	dug	dug	копать
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	рисовать, тащить
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamt	видеть сны, мечтать
drink	drank	drunk	пить, выпить
drive	drove	driven	везти, ехать
eat	ate	eaten	кушать, есть
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	кормить(ся)
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	бороться
find	found	found	находить
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запретить
forget	forgot	forgotten	забыть
forgive	forgave	forgiven	простить
freeze	froze	frozen	замерзнуть
get	got	got	получить
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ехать
grind	ground	ground	точить, молоть
grow	grew	grown	расти, выращивать
hang	hung	hung	висеть, повесить
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hide	hid	hidden	прятать(ся)
hit	hit	hit	ударить
hold	held	held	держать, проводить
hurt	hurt	hurt	ранить
keep	kept	kept	хранить, держать
know	knew	known	знать
lay	laid	laid	класть
lead	led	led	вести
learn	learned / learnt	learnt	учить(ся)
leave	left	left	оставлять, уезжать
lend	lent	lent	давать взаймы
let	let	let	позволять
lie	lay	lain	лежать
lose	lost	lost	терять
light	lit	lit	зажигать, освещать
make	made	made	делать
mean	meant	meant	значить
meet	met	met	встретить
pay	paid	paid	платить
put	put	put	класть
read	read	read	читать
ride	rode	ridden	ездить верхом
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen	подниматься
run	ran	run	бежать
saw	sawed	sawn	пилить
say	said	said	говорить, сказать
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	послать
set	set	set	ставить, заходить
shake	shook	shaken	трясти
shoot	shot	shot	стрелять
show	showed	showed / shown	показывать
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
slide	slid	slid	скользить
smell	smelled / smelt	smelt	пахнуть, нюхать
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
speed	sped	sped	ускорять, спешить
spend	spent	spent	тратить
split	split	split	расщепить(ся)
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoilt	портить
spread	spread	spread	распространиться
stand	stood	stood	стоять
steal	stole	stolen	украсть
stick	stuck	stuck	приклеить(ся)
swim	swam	swum	плыть
take	took	taken	взять, брать
teach	taught	taught	обучать, учить
tear	tore	torn	рвать
tell	told	told	рассказывать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
wake	woke	woken	просыпаться
wear	wore	worn	носить
win	won	won	выигрывать
wind	wound	wound	заводить (часы), виться
write	wrote	written	писать

Зміст

ВСТУП.. 3

I. Texts for Thorough Reading And Analysing. 5

1. New Experiment Could Reveal Make-up Of The Universe. 5

2. Sound Waves Save Roads. 7

3. What is the Volume & Chemical Composition of Blood?. 10

4. Computerized Scheduling For Airports. 12

5. Red Wine By-products Turn Into Yoghurt, Chocolates, Creams And More. 15

6. Why Do Cut Apples, Pears, Bananas and Potatoes Turn Brown?. 17

7. Is There Really a Chemistry of Love?. 20

8. New Model May Help Scientists Predict And Prevent Influenza Outbreaks. 21

9. First DNA Molecule Made Almost Entirely Of Artificial Parts. 23

10. Improved Redox Flow Batteries For Electric Cars. 25

11. Why Are Babies Born with Blue Eyes?. 28

12. What Elements and Chemical Compounds are the Most Poisonous?. 30

13. New Material for Computer Memory. 33

14. Engineers Develop Safer, Blast-resistant Glass. 35

15. What Are the Elements in the Human Body?. 37

16. Finding Water On The Moon. 40

17. Bones Get Mended With High Tech Glass-of-milk. 42

18. Urban Growth Versus Global Warming. 44

19. Scientists May Now Look Inside Patient’s Individual Cells. 47

20. Step Forward For Nanotechnology: Controlled Movement Of Molecules. 50

21. Self-healing Surfaces. 51

22. Hygienic Surfaces, Biocidal And Self-cleaning Coatings. 54

23. Why Do Onions Make You Cry?. 55

24. Key Step Made Towards Turning Methane Gas Into Liquid Fuel 57

25. If You’re Happy, Then We Know It: New Research Measures Mood. 60

II. Popular Science Texts. 64

1. Can Train Technology Reinvent the Wheel?. 64

2. Does It Mean Time Travel Possible?. 66

3. Ready For the Robot Revolution?. 68

4. UK’s Atomic Clock is World’s Most Accurate. 71

5. Researchers Rev Up Electric Nano-Motors. 74

6. Final Shuttle Voyage Closes Chapter in Human Spacefaring Saga. 76

7. IBM Cooks Up Super-Thin Graphene Chips. 79

8. Power Plant: One Small Leaf Could Electrify an Entire Home. 81

III. Reading in Mechanical Engineering. 84

1. Gripper Like a Hand. 84

2. Conformal Cooling. 86

3. Attractive Magnetics. 89

4. Pultrusion Goes Round in Circles. 91

5. Diamond Is a Pipe’s Best Friend. 93

6. Small Lathes. 96

7. Harmonic Goes Linear 98

8. Cheap Chip Can Drive. 100

9. Foiled Again. 102

10. Wiggle Room.. 104

11. Super Induction. 107

12. Hot Bolt Powers Sensors. 110

IV. Reading In Chemistry. 113

1. Hydrogen. 113

2. Nitrogen. 115

3. Oxygen. 117

4. Helium.. 119

5. Water 122

6. Carbon. 125

7. Diamond. 127

8. Coal 130

9. Silver 132

10. Gold. 133

11. Iron. 135

12. Biochemistry. 138

13. Lipids. 140

14. What Makes Lead Poisonous?. 142

15. How Do Chemical Weapons Smell?. 145

16. Healthier Sausages. 147

17. Artificial Enzyme Used to Neutralize a Natural Plant Poison. 149

Appendices. 153

Appendix 1. Conference Proceedings. 153

Appendix II. How to Make a Scientific Presentation. 161

Appendix III. Grammar Tests. 166

Appendix IV. Irregular Verbs. 214

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