Use a relative clause to join each pair of sentences. Put commas where necessary. Write at the end of each sentence (D) for defining and (N-D) for non-defining relative clauses.

1. Some people talk too much. They annoy me intensely.
People who talk too much annoy me intensely. Defining cl.

2. My younger brother rarely speaks to anyone. He is painfully shy.
My younger brother, who is painfully shy, rarely speaks to anyone. Non-defining cl.

3. The new concert hall was opened yesterday. It holds two thousand people.
The new concert hall, which holds two thousand people, was opened yesterday. Non-defining cl.

4. That’s the man. I sold my car to him.
That’s the man whom I sold my car. Defining cl.

5. I don’t like such men. They ware this perfume.
I don’t like men who ware this perfume. Defining cl.

(5 points)

7. In the following pairs of sentences decide if one or both are acceptable. Tick (√) those that are and put a cross (X) by those that are not.

1. a) I am not liking ice-cream (X)

b) I don’t like ice-cream. (√)

2. a) She has a baby boy. (√)

b) She is having a baby-boy. (√)

3. a) He is an idiot. (√)

b) He is being an idiot.(X)

4. a) I am thinking you are wrong.(X)

b) I‘ve been thinking about you all the time. (√)

5. a) I can see somebody moving in the trees over there. (√)

b) I keep seeing somebody in the trees over there.(X)

(10 points)

Fill each of the gaps in these sentences with an appropriate modal verb and the appropriate form of the notional verb given in brackets.

1. You …may think ….. (think) it is possible but I doubt it.

2. You are a bit overweight; you …should do..…. (do) more regular exercise.

3. That …might be…….. (be) Vangelis over there – hasn’t he gone on holiday for a week?

4. That’s absurd; they really …could take……. (take) your motorbike by mistake, surely?

5. They got here so fast, they …must be running…….. (run) all the way.

(5 points)

Listening

9. You will hear an interview with Ann Quarterman, who came face to face with a grizzly bear in British Columbia. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

1 Ann was hiking to a remote ski lodge in the mountains because

A there was no other way to reach the location.

B her four-wheel drive vehicle had come off the road.

C she wanted to find out if the area appealed to her.

D she had decided to accompany her friend.

2 What problem did Ann and her friend encounter as they continued their hike?

A The hills they were walking through were too steep to climb.

B The trail they were following disappeared altogether.

C They had no idea how to use the bear repellent.

D Their protective clothing was inadequate for the conditions.

3 What precautions did they take to protect themselves from bears?

A They warned the bears they were in the area.

B They avoided areas where berries were growing.

C They stuck to the path through the low-lying fog.

D They walked above the tree line to get a better view.

4 What saved the women from being attacked by the grizzly?

A the unexpected arrival of the owners of the lodge

B their ability to keep calm in a crisis

C their decision to run away from the bear

D their recollection of some trees to hide in

5 What influenced their final decision regarding their hike?

A the fact that their vehicle was too far away to reach

B their unwillingness to walk back through the forest

C the realisation that Ann had injured herself quite badly in a fall

D their fear of retracing their steps through the meadow

(15 points)

Speaking

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