Article: Continuing brain drain from Kazakhstan

Author: Deriya Atabayev

Date: 22 May, 2012

Source: http://rus.azattyq.org/content/migration-shots-nurymbetov-statistican/24584251.html

Brain drain, lack of specialists, the imbalance in staffing - the realities of modern Kazakhstan. Despite manifold increase the number of students and university teachers in the country do not have enough professionals. Not even enough workers technical profile.

Kazakhstan has managed to survive the demographic stress that occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The most critical was in 2001, when the population of Kazakhstan at the end of the year amounted to 14.851 million people.

In addition to the natural process of birth and death, a contribution to the demographic problems made and migration, especially outside. From 1990 to 1998, Kazakhstan leaves annually, according to official data, 200-400 thousand people. Only in 2004, the number of immigrants exceeded the number of immigrants. Yet Kazakh migration process has many shades.

Brain drain

In the initial phase of independence external migration processes in Kazakhstan proceeded by political and ethnic factors in the future - social, economic, environmental, and others.

Employees of the power engineering plant in Atyrau. Illustrative photo.

Economic growth in Kazakhstan influx of additional labor and the country has become a center of attraction of migrant workers, especially from neighboring countries. Also, using only recently suspended program to resettle the Kazakhs from other states were solved in part not only demographic, but the problems and issues of the labor market.

However, the specificity of the Kazakh migration that leave the country qualified professionals. According to the Statistics Agency, provided specifically for radio Azattyk, international migration, the population of Kazakhstan at the age of 15 years and the level of education is as follows.

Table was made by the author of this article on the basis of a response agency for statistics:

Годы	Прибыло	Выбыло	Сальдо миграции
						2009–2011
Всего	31 282	31 775	29 832	28 273	22 448	27 082	15 086
Высшее							–10298
Незаконченное высшее							–1509
Среднее специальное							–5002
Среднее общее	15 808	15 641	15 088
Неполное среднее
Другие

As you can see by the example of the official figures, three years imbalance classified as "top", "unfinished high", "medium special" of 16 809 people. In total, during this time, Kazakhstan had left 51,605 professionals above categories. The main shelter for those who left Kazakhstan, are the CIS countries, where their skills in demand. Certainly, the so-called brain drain is detrimental to the economy of Kazakhstan.

IMPORT OF PROFESSIONALS

Before independence, Kazakhstan mysterious frightened and attracted foreigners. Today, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security annually sets quotas for foreign labor into the country. Under current rules, the categories "1" and "2" - a management team organizations, specialists with higher and secondary professional education, the category "3" - skilled workers, the category "4" - seasonal workers employed in agricultural work.

Here are some of the figures from the official table:

Годы	Всего	в том числе по категориям
1,2
	48 092	29 679	15 213
	44 650	28 790	11 860
	48 135	30 019	14 652

Attracting qualified to Kazakhstan, with their knowledge, ideas, skills, certainly useful country.

"In the last three or four years on average, the country attracted about 30,000 foreign workers, and 75-80 percent - are highly skilled experts with knowledge and experience, which does not prepare our educational system, and they are necessary for the economic development of the country", - said Birzhan Nurymbetov, Vice-Minister of Labor and Social Security, during an online conference hosted by Azattyk last month.

The guide almost every pot, a large Kazakh companies or firms have foreign advisors, vice-presidents and so on. And foreigners basically get the status of most favored nation treatment. Even the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has not been without the famous British adviser. Hiring Tony Blair, heavyweight international policy, costing the treasury Kazakhstan, according to official figures, eight million pounds a year.

But the objective criteria of performance evaluation invited foreigners, most likely in the country there. How to get them to share their knowledge, bring innovation, make investments and implement new technologies in Kazakhstan - is the question of questions. Often complain that local specialists to similar positions do not have a salary, adequate wage foreigners.

STUDENT HAS MORE THAN PROFESSIONALS

The annual inflow of tens of thousands of foreign workers amid growing number of Kazakh students in higher education is strange. Today the number of schools and students is almost three times more than the Soviet period. And the country's economy by some measures has not yet reached that level.

	1990 год	2011/2012 год
Количество (число) вузов
Численность студентов	287 364	629 507
Число профессорско-преподавательского состава	21 955	40 531

Table compiled by the Economic Observer website Azattyk shows intense growth in the number of students and university teachers in Kazakhstan.

Students in the laboratory. Illustrative photo.

But where is the army of many thousands of college graduates? Why it is not visible in the labor market in Kazakhstan? According to official data, only from 2009 to 2010, left the country experts: architecture and construction - 1891 people; medical - 1854, teaching - 3923, -9428 technical, economic - 4772, Law - 1319, agricultural - 1035, others - 8866.

The feeling is that the Ministry of Education and Science does not trace the market conditions demand for specialists by type of specialties. The authorities should set a goal and to retain skilled, trained and educated on the Kazakh land, and yet wishing to emigrate to other countries. They are experts who know the country's economy, its characteristics, the mentality, customs and culture of the Kazakh people.

DEFICIT "techies"

It should be noted that Kazakhstan has left many experts technical professions. This is declared in Kazakhstan industrialization. Ministry of Labour and Social Security annually compiles a list of the most popular on the domestic labor market specialists.

Vice-Minister of Labor and Social Protection of Kazakhstan Birzhan Nurymbetov.

In it - apparatchik chemical processing industrial raw materials, workover driller, driller floating drilling unit into the sea, vyshkomontazhnik welder, electrician-vyshkomontazhnik, Electroplating, surveyor, geologist, hydraulics, hydrogeology, and many other technical professions.

Is the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and the Ministry of Education and Research as part of the government can not agree on training demand in the labor market specialists? There is no strong relationship between the education system and the needs of the labor market.

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