Motor transport effluents

The general amount of auto in the world constitutes nearly 400 mln. One auto on the mean absorbs 4 tone oxygen and ejects with exhaust gas approximately 100 kg carbon oxides, 40 kg nitrogen oxide and 200 kg different hydrocarbons. In the exhaust gases the aldehydes (formaldehyde), having sharp odour.

Compounds of lead, forming by burning are dangerous. Sources of air pollutions divided into the sources of release and sources of effluents of harmful substances.

Sources of release are technological installation (plant, apparatus, assembly, sewage (purification) structure, structure of circulating water supply. Sources of effluent of harmful substances are tubes, air pit, inhalation and exhalation valves, open surfaces of purification structures, trough which ejected harmful substances.

Depending on temperature, effluents divide strongly into heated and cooled.

Strongly heated effluents are flue gas, gas of flare, tongue of the high temperature technological process.

Effluents of harmful substances divide into organized and nonorganized. Organized effluents are ones which rejected from place release by system of vents. It makes it possible to use the dust collection plants.

On the oil processing and petroleum chemical factories the main sources of organized effluents are flue tubes of technological furnace, furnaces of waste burning, catalyst regenerator, electrostatic precipitator, cyclone, scrubbers, absorbers, torch, flares, air pits and other.

Nonorganized effluents are effluents, forming on the open surfaces of sewage structure, released through leakiness of the technological equipments, in the places of storage of granular materials, for example, organized effluents from reservoir, fuel tank, colling tower.

Harmful impurities, ejected in the atmosphere by factories, making products from petroleum hydrocarbons and gas may divide into groups: solid particles, acid components (oxide and carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxides), hydrocarbons and their derivates, that is organic compounds.

Compositions of effluents are approximately equal.

On the petroleum chemical and oil processing factories, industrial wastes, containing into the gaseous ones, as rule, don*t reclaim and burn in a flare.

In the table 2 it is shown characteristic of the gaseous wastes, forming on the petroleum chemical industries.

Table 2

Sources of effluents	Chemical compound of effluents
Gaseous evaporative substances	Liquid and solid substances
Oil processing	Sulphur dioxide, carbon oxide. Nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, oxygen and nitrogen containing organic compounds.	Organic and inorganic dust, resin substances
Petroleum chemical	Carbon oxide, oxygen containing organic compounds.	Organic dust, acids, organic compounds, resin substances
Chemical	Carbon oxide, carbon disulphide, chlorine, mercury, hydrocarbons	Organic dust technical carbons, acids
Fuel burning installation (thermal power station, industrial furnaces)	Sulphur dioxide, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, oxygen-containing organic compound	Inorganic dust. Technical carbon.

Solid Particles

The main sources of industrial dust, ejected in the atmosphere are the thermal power station, working on the solid fuel and also construction building factories.

For oil processing and petroleum chemical industries the effluents of dust are not characteristics. But there are processes in which considerable amount of dust is ejected, for example, process with use of solid catalysts and absorbents, their regeneration, at milling, at drying and so on.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29