Disastrous Consequences

Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:

Vocabulary:

environment [in’vai(ə)rənmənt] – окружающая среда unlimited [лn’limitid] – неограниченный source [sɔ:s] – источник resources [ri’zɔ:siz, - ’sɔ:siz] – ресурсы, полезные ископаемые to be capable [tə bi: ’keipəb(ə)l] – быть в состоянии to observe [tə əb’zə:v] – наблюдать, следить, замечать closely related [’kləusli ri’leitid] – тесно связанный to supply [tə sə’plai] – обеспечивать waste products [weist ’prɔdлkts] – отходы nevertheless [‚nevəðə’les] – несмотря на, хотя, всё же to argue [tə ’a:gju:] – спорить to damage [tə ’dæmidჳ] – портить, наносить ущерб to pump [tə pлmp] – качать, работать насосом waste gases [weist ’gæsiz] – отработанные газы power station [’pauə ’stei∫(ə)n] – электростанция to get rid of something [tə get rid əv ’sлmθiŋ] – освободиться от to cause [tə kɔ:z] – являться причиной acid rains [’æsid reinz] – кислотные дожди to reduce – уменьшать therefore [’ðeəfɔ:] – по этой причине consequence – последствие arable lands [’ærəbl] – пахотные/ культивируемые земли to destroy [tə dis’trɔi] – разрушать ozone layer [’əuzəun ’leiə] – озоновый слой to disappear [tə ‚disə’piə] – исчезать numerous species [’nju:m(ə)rəs ’spi:∫i:s/ ’spi:si:s] – многочисленные особи/ биологические виды to mention [tə ’men∫(ə)n] – упомянуть, сообщить to suffer [tə ’sлfə] – переживать, страдать economic activities [‚i:kə’nɔmik æk’tivitiz] – экономическая деятельность disaster [di’za:stə] – катастрофа, бедствие quantity [’kwɔntiti] – количество sea level [si: ’levl] – уровень моря threat [θret] – угроза carefully [’keəfli] – внимательно, тщательно, бережно to protect [tə prə’tekt] – защищать man’s activities [mænz æk’tivitiz] – деятельность человека external – внешний approach – приближение worthless – ничего не стоящий to ruin – разрушать to injure – повредить to cease [tə si:s] – прекращать required – необходимый quarrel [tə ’kwɔr(ə)l] – ссора to beleaguer [tə bi’li:gə] – осаждать, донимать, беспокоить to bear [tə beə] (bore [bɔ:], born [bɔ:n]) – переносить, нести, обладать witness [’witnis] – свидетельство, свидетель legacy of irresponsibility [’legəsi əv ‚irispɔnsə’biliti] – наследие безответственности sewer [’s(j)u:ə] – сточная труба, канализационная труба, коллектор asphyxiation [æs’fiksiei∫(ə)n] – удушье, отравление газом respiratory [ri’spirət(ə)ri] – респираторный, дыхательный icebreaker [’ais‚breikə] – ледокол remedy [’remidi] – лекарство, средство, мера; средство судебной защиты, средство защиты права inefficient [‚ini’fi∫(ə)nt] – неспособный, неумелый, недейственный, неэффективный broad [brɔ:d] – широкий to overshadow [tə ‚əuvə’∫ædəu] – бросать тень, затенять, омрачать to emerge [tə i’mə:dჳ] – появляться, выходить, выясняться

to lead a campaign [tə li:d ə kæm’pein] (led, led) – проводить компанию to block a plan – сорвать план to divert [tə dai’və:t] – отклонять, отводить, направлять в другую сторону, сбивать, отвлекать to land [tə lænd] – доводить (до чего-либо), приводить (к чему-либо), приводить, помещать, высаживать, выгружать, приставать (к пристани), приземляться to cripple [tə ’kri:p(ə)l] – калечить, уродовать, делать непригодным, ослабить blow [bləu] – возмездие, удар, несчастье, порыв ветра viscous pool [’viskəs pu:l] – вязкий пруд/ лужа/ озеро dilapidated [di’læpideitid] – полуразрушенный, ветхий leaky pump [’li:ki pлmp] – имеющий течь насос decrepitude [di’krepitju:d] – дряхлость, обветшалость, немощь deposit [di’pɔzit] – геол. месторождение successor [sə’ksesə] – преемник, наследник exhausted [ig’zɔ:stid] – измученный, изнурённый exposure [ik’spəuჳə] – подвергание внешнему воздействию, выставление на открытом месте, незащищённость resident [’rezid(ə)nt] – постоянный житель to undergo (underwent, undergone) [tə ‚лndə’gəu] – испытывать, переносить, подвергаться lung [lлŋ] – анат. лёгкое, мед. респиратор, прибор для искусственного дыхания to shrink [tə ∫riŋk] (shrank [∫ræŋk], shrunk [∫rлŋk]) – уменьшать(ся), сокращать(ся), пересыхать, удалять(ся), исчезать drought [draut] – засуха to expose [tə ik’spəuz] – подвергать воздействию, раскрывать, показывать weapon [’wepən] – оружие wind-borne radioactive dust [’windbɔ:n ‚reidiəu’æktiv dлst] – гонимая ветром радиоактивная пыль to blight [tə blait] – приносить вред (растениям), разрушать (надежды), отравлять (удовольствие) lush [lл∫] – сочный, буйный, пышный, процветающий to succumb [tə sə’kлm] – не выдержать, не устоять, погибнуть, умереть smeltery [’smelt(ə)ri] – плавильный завод scar [ska:] – глубокий след, глубокая рана to tread [tə tred] (trod [trɔd], trodden [’trɔd(ə)n]) – ступать, шагать, топтать predictable consequences [pri’diktəb(ə)l ’kɔnsikwənsiz] – предсказуемые последствия explosion [ik’spləuჳ(ə)n] – взрыв to sun [tə sлn] – греть на солнце, помещать, выставлять на солнце to rupture [tə ’rлpt∫ə] – прорывать, порывать (отношения) ruptured [’rлpt∫əd] – прорванный, разорванный, переломленный to have one’s hands full – быть очень занятым, иметь много работы to pursue [tə pə’sju:] – преследовать, гнаться, бежать, искать, продолжать, предъявлять vagrant [’veigrənt] – бродяга to invade [tə in’veid] – вторгаться, нападать bouquet [bəu’kei] – букет inhabitant [in’hæbit(ə)nt] – житель, обитатель noxious [’nɔk∫əs] – вредный, пагубный, гибельный showcase [’∫əukeis] – витрина (в магазине) to showcase – показывать furnace [’fə:nis] – печь smokestack [’sməukstæk] – (дымовая) труба ailment [’eilmənt] – недомогание, нездоровье, болезнь asthma [’æsmə] – астма, удушье chronic bronchitis [’krɔnik brɔŋ’kaitis] – хронический бронхит

Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

A. Nouns:

1. environment a. definite amount or number

2. rubbish b. sources of economic wealth

3. threat c. external conditions in which people, animals and plants live

4. resources d. the approach of danger

5. quantity e. highly reactive form of oxygen

6. ozone f. waste matter, anything worthless

B. Verbs:

1. to observe a. to defend from trouble, harm, or loss

2. to supply b. to ruin, put an end

3. to damage c. to try to prove by giving reasons, debate, quarrel, dispute

4. to pump d. to injure or harm to a person or thing

5. to destroy e. to cease to visible

6. to reduce f. to force a liquid or gas to move in a particular direction

7. to suffer g. to watch carefully

8. to protect h. to lower or use in smaller amounts

9. to disappear i. to provide with something required

10. to argue j. to undergo a difficult period life

Exercise 2. Practice reading the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian:

a beleaguered environment, open sewers, use of toxic chemicals, inefficient farming practice, northward flow of several major rivers, major source of oil, fire hazards, the giant cement plant, safe haven, broad belts of pine and birch, foreign timber companies, a cause for concern, over the floor of the Aral Sea, the bountiful lake, short-term production goals, ghost town, 20-mile-radius evacuation zone, life-support system, a crippling blow

Exercise 3. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

A. Nouns:

1. witness a. a place which is used to display objects

2. icebreaker b. a large chimney which emits gray cloudy gaseous mass into the sky

3. decrepitude c. the impact by outside conditions

4. exposure d. object used in fighting

5. explosion e. a large vessel in the northern sea

6. vagrant f. enclosed chamber containing a very hot fire

7. weapon g. sudden and violent bursting usually accompanied with loud noise

8. smokestack h. evidence of something happened that had been seen

9. showcase i. a person with no settled home

10. furnace j. weakness or state of being too old to use

B. Adjectives:

1. viscous a. being covered with holes, worn or shabby

2. dilapidated b. being told about in advance

3. leaky c. harmful, extremely unpleasant

4. exhausted d. thickly and healthy growing of plants

5. lush e. having great width

6. inefficient f. thick and sticky

7. predictable g. being very tired, having no more energy or strength

8. ruptured h. having fallen into ruin

9. noxious i. being with a hole through which any liquid could be lost

10. broad j. being not capable, unreal or ineffective

C. Verbs:

1. to beleaguer a. to come into view, become known

2. to undergo b. to be not able to survive, or die of an illness

3. to shrink c. to experience, endure, or sustain

4. to blight d. to make holes (in cloth), lose good relations with each other

5. to emerge e. to follow a goal, chase behind somebody, continue to discuss something

6. to divert f. to change the direction, take away somebody from one’s business

7. to succumb g. to become or make smaller

8. to rupture h. to prevent the growth of plants

9. to pursue i. to enter a country by military force, disturb someone’s privacy

10. to invade j. to attack, bother or trouble

Exercise 4. Read the text “A Universe of Pollution” and fill in the missed double letters in the words given below:

po--uted, mi--ion, acro--, pu--ing, witne--, co--on, cri--ling, ine--icient, a--owed, i--esponsibility, wi--

A Universe of Pollution

From Vilnius to Vladivostok, across more than eight million square miles, a beleaguered environment bears witness to a legacy of irresponsibility. After 70 years development-at-all-cost, the great rivers of the former USSR are open sewers of human and chemical waste; the Black and Caspian Seas are threatened with asphyxiation. Air in more than a hundred cities is at least five times more polluted than Soviet standards allowed, putting millions at risk for respiratory and other diseases. Tons of nuclear waste from icebreakers and submarines lie under Arctic waters. The use of toxic chemicals as a remedy for inefficient farming practices has poisoned the soil.

The will to change, though now overshadowed by economic problems, emerged in1986 with glasnost. That year a group of scientists led a campaign that blocked plans to divert the northward flow of several major rivers south to rice and cotton fields of Central Asia. Soviet environmentalists, or greens, in fact, landed some of the first crippling blows to the Soviet system itself.

Exercise 5. Read the text “A Universe of Pollution” once again and answer the following questions:

Questions:

1. Why has the environment of the former Soviet Union been called beleaguered?

2. How serious was the air pollution after 70 years development-at-all-cost?

3. Where are tons of nuclear waste from icebreakers and submarines?

4. What has happened to the soil after the use of toxic chemicals?

5. Why were the plans of diverting some rivers to the south blocked in 1986?

Exercise 6. Match the following texts with the pictures given below:

A B.

C. D.

E.

G.

F.

Text 1. With forests of oil rigs in their backyards, the children of suburban Baku in Azerbaijan have learned to enjoy the viscous pools of runoff from the dilapidated and leaky pumps. Adults worry about fire hazards. Once the U.S.S.R.’s major source of oil, Azerbaijan’s oil fields fell into decrepitude after the Soviets began exploiting their great Siberian deposits in the 1960s. Like all Soviet successor states, Azerbaijan has been left holding a bag of environmental horrors.

Text 2. Exhausted after a day’s exposure to dust, masked workers breathe deeply while leaving the giant cement plant at Kunda. Though one of Estonia’s most polluted towns, Kunda is a safe haven compared with Chelyabinsk, a Russian city where area residents are undergoing lung and other diagnostic tests (right). Unknown to them, a nearby lake and river were used for years as dumps by a weapons plutonium plant. The lake shrank in a 1967 drought, and thousands of people were exposed to wind-borne radioactive dust.

Text 3. Blighting the lush forests of Russian Lapland, broad belts of pine and birch succumbed to acid rain, then to wildfires. Some of the survivors bear foresters’ identifying markers. Among the polluters: a nickel smeltery in nearby Monchegorsk. In the great forests of the Far East, where decades of clear-cutting have already left scars, foreign timber companies are moving in — a cause for concern to environmentalists.

Text 4. Where fish swam, camels now tread over the floor of the Aral Sea. Once a striking body of blue on the world globe, the bountiful lake has shrunk to half its former size and is now two shallow lakes far from the old shores. Diverting vast amounts of water from the lake’s two feeder rivers for the irrigation of cotton and rice. Soviet planners ignored the predictable consequences to achieve short-term production goals.

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