I Reading skills

Read and remember the following words and word combinations used in their specialized meanings.

implementation	- здійснення, виконання
to support	- підтримувати; сприяти
to deal with	- вести справу; розглядати питання
to encompass	- охоплювати
to disseminate information	- розповсюджувати інформацію
foundations of information and computation	- основи інформатики та обчислення
artificial language	- штучна мова, прикладна мова
to invoke	- сприяти
to generate proof of concept	- спричиняти випробування ідеї
source code	- первісна (початкова) програма
to retrieve information	- вишукувати інформацію

Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian

Information technology

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association, is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based, information systems particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information data bases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may be included: data management, networking, engineering, computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.

When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or "infotech". Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. Presumably, when speaking of Information Technology (IT) as a whole, it is noted that the use of computers and information are associated.

Computing is usually defined as the activity of using and developing computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Computer programming in general is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language, restrictive, demanding, and unforgiving to humans but easily translated by the computer. The purpose of programming is to invoke the desired behavior (customization) from the machine. The process of writing high quality source code requires knowledge of both the application's domain and the computer science domain. The highest quality software is thus developed by a team of various domain experts, each person a specialist in some area of development. But the term programmer may apply to a range of program quality, from hacker to open source contributor to professional. And a single programmer could do most or all of the computer programming needed to generate the proof of concept to launch a new “killer” application.

Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is IT?

2. What does it deal with?

3. Is it a profession of a great variety of duties? Approve it.

4. What is computing?

5. What does computer science study?

6. What is computer programming? What is its purpose?

7. Do you think you might like to become a computer programmer or some other professional?

8. In your opinion what kind of person makes a good programmer? Discuss specific characteristics and explain why they are important?

9. What should the person of this occupation know?

10. Should students taking a computer literacy course be required to learn some programming? Why?

Complete the sentences.

1. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and....

2...., and the term has become very recognizable.

3. … are combined, the result is information technology, or “infotech”

4. Computing is usually defined as the activity of....

5. The purpose of programming is....

6.... requires knowledge of both the application's domain and the computer science domain.

Match the following English words with their definitions.

1.	a programmer	a.	a group of computers, functioning and administered as a unit, that are identified by sharing the same domain name on the internet
2.	computer programming	b.	to give aid or courage to
3.	to support	c.	(often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.
4.	artificial language	d.	is someone who writes computer software
5.	logic programming	e.	an invented language, esp one intended as an international medium of communication or for use with computers
6.	a domain	f.	the study or implementation of computer programs capable of discovering or checking proofs of formal expressions or segments

True or false statements.

1. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

2. When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is computer science.

3. Computer science (or computing science) only is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation.

4. This source code is an artificial language.

5. The term programmer may apply to a range of program quality, from hacker to open source contributor to professional, who could do most or all of the computer programming.

Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. A computer operator is the person responsible for monitoring and controlling computer systems especially mainframe computer systems in a company or organization.

2. Responsibilities include troubleshooting software and hardware problems, monitoring batch processing, maintaining and improving system performance and online availability, maintaining all system and application documentation, and assisting personnel with computer problems.

3. Most employers also require formal technical training or one to three years' experience.

4. A computer operator must effectively interact and communicate with others, be able to work independently, have strong analytical skills, and be able to recognize and respond to problem situations.

5. A system administrator (sometimes abbreviated as sysadmin) is a person who is responsible for managing a multi-user computing environment, such as a local area network (LAN).

6. The responsibilities of the system administrator typically include installing and configuring system hardware and software, establishing and managing user accounts, upgrading software and backup and recovery tasks.

7. There is a wide variety of career paths in the information systems discipline. "Workers with specialized technical knowledge and strong communications skills will have the best prospects

8. Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.

9. A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behaviour of a machine, particularly a computer.

10. Programming languages, like natural languages, are defined by syntactic and semantic rules, which describe their structure and meaning respectively.

11. Computer software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some task on a computer system.

II Retell the text “Information technology”.

III Rendering

Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.

What does a system administrator do?

What is a system administrator? Well, look at the title. Administrator of systems. A system administrator takes care of systems.

Now, most people read "system" to mean an individual computer, and think that all a sysadmin does is clean viruses off your computer and replace your monitor. That's not wrong − but it is only one page of the whole story.

A real computing system is larger. Very few computers work just on their own anymore; when you use the web, play a game online, share files with a friend, or send email, you're using a complex and intricate collection of computers, networks and software that come together to do the job you're asking.

A sysadmin manages these systems − they figure out how to bring storage from one server, processing from another, backups from a third and networking from a fourth computer all together, working seamlessly. For you.

It's not an easy task. Your sysadmins need to understand in depth computing protocols. They often have to know something about programming, something about hardware, a lot about software − and even more about the people using their system.

A sysadmin is a professional, with complex skills, ethical challenges, and a daunting job. Many, if not most, people find computers difficult to use, and sometimes they're unreliable. Being a sysadmin doesn't absolve someone of dealing with unreliable computers. Oh, one can dream of such a day, but the opposite is true; no one sees more dead computers in a day than a sysadmin. No one sees them doing truly baffling things, and no one has more stories of computers failing, acting possessed, or even catching on fire.

The challenge of a sysadmin is making a computing system − a whole network of resources and servers and software − work together, work right, work even when parts of it fail − and work for you.

So when you think of a sysadmin, think of the people who run the servers that help you clean it off, the people who run your backups to make sure your data is safe, the people who bring you the network, the people who monitor it for security − and yes, the person who cleans the virus off your computer and replaces your monitor.

A sysadmin unpacked the server for this website from its box, installed an operating system, patched it for security, made sure the power and air conditioning was working in the server room, monitored it for stability, set up the software, and kept backups in case anything went wrong. All to serve this webpage.

A sysadmin installed the routers, laid the cables, configured the networks, set up the firewalls, and watched and guided the traffic for each hop of the network that runs over copper, fiber optic glass, and even the air itself to bring the Internet to your computer. All to make sure the webpage found its way from the server to your computer.

A sysadmin makes sure your network connection is safe, secure, open, and working. A sysadmin makes sure your computer is working in a healthy way on a healthy network. A sysadmin takes backups to guard against disaster both human and otherwise, holds the gates against security threats and crackers, and keeps the printers going no matter how many copies of the tax code someone from accounting prints out.

A sysadmin worries about spam, viruses, spyware, but also power outages, fires and floods.

So even if you can read this, thank partly your sysadmin - and know he or she is only one of dozens or possibly hundreds whose work brings you the email from your aunt on the West Coast, the instant message from your son at college, the free phone call from the friend in Australia, etc.

Make up a plan in the form of questions.

Give the summary of the text according to your plan in a written form.

IV Comprehensive skills

Read and remember

to weed out	відбирати; видаляти, вичищати
a peer	колега

2. Listen to the text “The programmers” and try to understand it.

True or false statements.

1. The programmer prepares the instructions of a computer program and runs, tests, and corrects the programs.

2. A programmer typically does not interact with a variety of people.

3. Programmers help the users weed out errors in existing programs.

4. If you were a programmer, you might have coordination meetings to evaluate your work.

Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.

1. What do programmers perform as a result of new requirements?

2. Whom might the programmers have coordination meetings to evaluate their work with?

V Communicative skills

Ex. 1 Complete the dialogue using the following words.

aerospace ambitious controversy coordinating liaison mission probe stepping-stone to foster venture

Dennis: What do you do for a living, Frank?

Frank: I am an ________engineer. I have been working for NASA for over fifteen years.

Dennis: Wow, that sounds fascinating. What projects have you been involved in?

Frank: Well, until recently, I was heavily involved in the Cassini ______. I don't know if you're familiar with it or not - it's one of NASA's most expensive and ______ projects. We are sending a _____ to explore Saturn and its moons.

Dennis: That sounds really interesting. Are you in any way involved in the construction of the International Space Station?

Frank: Actually, that's what I'm working on now. I'm currently a technical _____between NASA and several European space agencies. It's an interesting job, but it can be a bit too much at times. The International Space Station is probably the largest international ______ ever attempted, and I am constantly dealing with technical difficulties, budget problems, and delays. It's not easy ______ the efforts of all those countries. I have been to Europe three times in the last month, and I have to go to Kazakhstan next week.

Dennis: I understand there's some _______ surrounding the space station. Don't some people worry that NASA is spending too much money on the project?

Frank: Many experts have complained that the project has grown out of control and become far too expensive. But I look at it as more than a space station; I believe it's helping ______ international scientific cooperation. It's nice to see the scientists of the world working together to create a ______ to the future.

Ex. 2 Be ready to reproduce it in pairs.

VI Additional task.

1. If you decide to apply for a job in the western countries, you will probably need to form two documents: a letter of interest and a resume. This is a way to do it. In your resume, you should:

Include you contact information (address, e-mail address, if any)

Provide your educational background

List your professional and search experience

Indicate significant honours and accomplishments

Describe your skill and language knowledge

Sample

Parts	Samples	Recommendations
PERSONAL DATA	Jack Doe 90 Wood Avenue, Apartment #23 Teacher Hill, MA 01832 978-212-64447 e-mail: [e-mail]	remember to include only those particulars which are strictly necessary
EDUCATION	1987-1990 − Kyiv State University. Post graduate course 1983-1985 – Lviv State University, Computer science. Diploma 1999-2003 University of New Hampshire (Durham, NH) 2003-2007 Master of Science degree in Chemical Engineering	with the highest degree mentioned first − written in tabular form to take the least space without compromising on information
EXPERIENCE	· Sales and Marketing Specialist 1992- current time · Project Engineer - Nobis Engineering (Concord, NH) 1990-1992 · Applications Engineer - National Environmental Systems 1988-1990	in reverse chronology highlighting those aspects which are the best match for the job you are applying
ACTIVITIES	· Provided technical and application support to Compound Semiconductor, MEMS, Automobile, Nano-technology and several high-tech industries. · Performed day-to-day product sales, marketing, and service activities · Managed all technical and commercial aspects
PUBLICATION	Two Technical Publications	give titles of publications and conferences
SKILLS	Foreign languages o English: fluent o German: good reading/writing, moderate speaking o Russian/Ukrainian: native Computer Skills o Microsoft Word o Microsoft Excel o Power Point	important and job-pertaining extra skills (technical or soft skills or both) - mention here only those skills which can add value to your resume (CV) and not everything you did from college to present
PERSONAL INTERESTS/ ACCOMPLISH-MENTS	· Fitness and Aerobics Instructor Certificate · Competitive road cycling certificate · Reading, travelling, fitness, running, cycling, skiing, swimming, yoga

Read the resume once more and try to write your own document of the same kind.

N.B. A resume must contain accurate information. For this reason, it's a good idea to keep your resume updated after each major task, accomplishment or qualifications received. Keep up to date with all your job contracts, qualifications and job descriptions.

Keep in mind that when you are required to write a one-page summary resume - it should be just a summary. Not only should it be as brief as possible, it should also be as perfectly matched as possible to be effective.

Unit 2

Topic: Operating system

Дата добавления: 2015-10-28