Key Words and Phrases

Vocabulary	Definition	Example
alarm clock	a clock that can be set to ring at a particular time, especially to wake some­body from sleep.	As soon as he feels sleepy he brushes his teeth, goes to the bedroom, sets his alarm clock for seven and goes to bed.
canteen	a dining room in a factory, office, school etc.	At two o'clock he has a bite to eat at the university's canteen.
take care of	to look after	I'm very happy with my life as I like taking care of my family very much.
have a chat	to have a friendly, informal conversation	I always try to have a little chat with my friends.
chilly	rather cold	Light east to north easterly winds could make North Sea coasts feel rather chilly.
to cook	to prepare a hot meal	I go to the kitchen to cook breakfast for my family.
a cook	somebody who cooks food	My husband says I'm a good cook.
course	a dish, part of a meal	Children can be persuaded to sit at the table for two courses while their parents and other adults can sit chatting, drinking coffee all afternoon.
deal with	to do, to arrange	I start my working day by dealing with the post and answering the phone.
delicious	tasty	Here are a couple of recipes for a simple but delicious meal.
dress „	to put clothes on	Peter goes back to the bedroom to dress.
drizzle	light rain	Southern parts of England and Wales will be cloudy with drizzle in places.
food	what people eat	We found out it's becoming more and more popular to eat take-away food in­stead of cooking.
forecast	a prediction of future events, based on some kind of knowledge	You're listening to Weather Action's seven day forecast.
frost	frozen moisture (dew) on the ground and other surfaces	In many places there was also frost over­night.

Everyday Life

to get through	to complete something	I hate the telephone but I can't get through the day without spending at least three hours talking on the thing.
to get up	to rise from bed after sleeping	Peter gets up at seven o'clock.
to have a bite to eat	to eat a little	At two o'clock he has a bite to eat.
keep in touch with	to remain in contact with somebody Ur	I always try to find some time to keep in touch with my friends.
leave (for) 4*	to go away in order to go to some place	I have my breakfast and leave for work.
keep up with	to know the latest events	Before going to bed I like watching the news on TV to keep up with events or putting on a good movie.
to look through	to read through, to check	I start my working day by looking through the list of the day's appointments.
make one's bed	to tidy the bedclothes	He opens the window, makes his bed and does his morning exercises.
meal	food prepared/served for somebody to eat	It usually doesn't take me much time to cook meals.
recipe	a set of instructions for preparing food, including a list of ingredients	Both recipes serve four people.
season	spring, summer, autumn or winter	In the depth of winter we have the habit of fantasising about seasons past.
shave	to remove facial hair etc. with a razor/shaver	Peter shaves and brushes his teeth.
set in	(e.g. of weather) to begin and seem likely to continue	Although winter begins officially on De­cember 21st, it is usually January before really cold weather sets in.
take a shower	to wash under running water	I like to take a cold shower.
sleet	a mixture of rain and snow	In many places there was also frost over­night, with sleet and snow in parts of northern Britain.
slipper	a light soft shoe worn in­doors	He puts on his slippers and goes to the bathroom.
slippery	difficult to hold, stand on or move on because it is smooth, wet, polished, etc.	It was too cold and slippery and I stayed in all day.
snowdrift	a deep pile of snow blown together by the wind	Snowploughs have to be brought out when snowdrifts have made roads impassable.

362-8

Unit 2

spell	a short period of time	It will include wintry spells with more sleet and snow.
supply	a stock or store of things (provided or available)	Birds may migrate but the best thing that animals can do is to hibernate or, if not, build up winter supplies as squirrels do.
thaw	the melting of ice and snow	After a few weeks the temperature rises and the thaw sets in.
towel I'll' ICt	a piece of cloth or paper for drying oneself or wip­ing things dry	He rubs himself hard with a towel and soon he feels quite warm.
wake up	to interrupt sleep	I go to the bathroom to wash and then try to wake my children up.
^ waste (time, money, etc.)	to use wrongly, use too much of	I'm not a person who likes wasting time.
weather	atmospheric conditions, e.g. wind, rain, snow etc.	Can you tell us what the weather will be like during the next few days?

Exercise 1.

Match the following words and phrases with their definitions:

1. to take a shower

2. chat

3. to waste

4. forecast

5. spell

6. to cook

7. meal

8. to deal with

9. to look through

a) food served and eaten

b) a prediction of probable future conditions

c) to prepare a hot meal

d) an informal conversation

e) to examine the contents of

0 to use carelessly, so that something is lost

g) to make the necessary arrangements for; to do business with

h) a short period of time

i) to have a wash standing under running water

Exercise 2.

Complete the words to match the definitions given:

1. to depart/part from someone

2. a meal eaten around midday

3. Saturday and Sunday

4. very light rain

5. rather cold

6. to dislike intensely

7. attention or protection

8. a daily record of events

9. feeling or showing pleasure
10. to rise (out of bed)

_ea___

_u_^c_

_ e__ e__

d__ z___ e

_h_l__

_a___

c_r_
d_a___

h__P_ g— _P

Everyday Life

Exercise 3.

Complete the following conversations, using an appropriate form of a word or phrase having similar meaning from the list below:

1. - It's rather chilly today, isn't it? - Yes, it's quite ^qIcU

2. - When did you start doing your homework? -1 %^-Qnly half an hour ago.

3. -1 hate getting up early. ito «^s«.

- Don't you know the proverb "Early to bed and early..: makes a man healthy,
wealthy and wise"?

4. -1 must leave now/

- Oh, please, don'rSv*"

5. - He used to waste money when he was young.

- But he's not... now._ ^.—.

to begin to go cold to spend too much to rise

Exercise 4.

Complete the following sentences using an appropriate form of a word or phrase having an opposite meaning from the list below:

1. The train to London is leaving in five minutes. It will „. in London at 10.40.

2. I'm getting up at 5 tomorrow, that's why I have ro>Treafiy.

3. Today is rather chilly, but the weather forecast says it will be..f on Sunday.

4. Robert hates gardening, but his parents.„ n very much.

5. Why has he started laughing? Please tell him to^T?it immediately!

to stop warm to like to arrive to go to bed

Exercise 5.

Complete the following sentences, selecting words and phrases from the list below and making any necessary changes:

to take care of	to take a shower	to leave
to have a chat	to wake up	forecast
spell	to waste

Unit 2

1. Jane enjoys spending time with her friends, and most of all she likes... with them.

2. Jill tries to be very active. She is always busy doing something and she doesn't like'..! time..i

3. It is generally known that in many families mothers... the children while fathers are busy at work..

4. Though we had a cold and rainy autumn last year, there were some sunny... and people enjoyed them.

5. William doesn't like to take a ba£h in the morning, he prefers....

6. Have you heard the weatrier... for tomorrow?

7. The telephone rang just as he was... for work.

8. On Sundays I don't have*?:, very early.

Everyday Life

Grammar

The Indefinite Pronouns some, any, no

some e.g. I read some books last month.

any Have you got any brothers?

no (not any) I have no (haven't any) relatives abroad.

o^ Note: Some may be used in interrogative sentences when offering or asking for something:

e.g. Would you like some coffee?

Any may be used in affirmative sentences with the meaning "no matter who or which, every".

e.g. You can take any book you like.

Derivatives:

somebody (someone) - a person; some person unknown or unspecified something - some thing unknown or unspecified anybody (anyone), anything - in questions and negatives nobody (no one) - not anybody (not anyone) nothing - not anything

Exercise 6.

Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or their derivatives:

1.... students in our group can speak English fluently.

2. He must feel lonely. He has... friends here.

3. Can I have... more tea, please?

4.... left this umbrella in the laboratory yesterday.

5.... must have been here in our absence. The door has been left open.

6. This table is so big! There is absolutely... space for it in the room.

7. I'd like to ask you... questions.

8. I called out, but... answered.

9. Is there... in the room? - No. There is... there.

10. Have you bought... fruit? - I've bought apples and bananas. Please take....

11.... knocked on the door but when I opened it I couldn't see....

12. You are my best friend and I'll do... for you.

13. May I offer you... more salad?

Unit 2

Exercise 7.

Make the following sentences:

a) interrogative;

b) negative.

1. Jim made some mistakes in his essay.

2. Ann bought some new toys for her children.

3. I'd like some ice-cream.

4. She heard a noise outside.

5. There is something in this box.

6. Somebody is calling.

7. There is some work to be done.

8. She has something important to tell me.

9. Mr. Brown received some letters last week. 10. Someone told him about it.

The Indefinite Pronouns many, much, few, little

Many/few (of countable nouns): books, friends, mistakes, relatives;

Much/little (of non-countable nouns): snow, water, coal, iron, cotton, time, money.

$& In spoken English, the expressions a lot of, lots of, plenty of are commonly found, rather than much and many in affirmative sentences. Much and many are used with some adverbs, such as very, too, so, rather.

V& Note: a few, a little = some.

Exercise 8.

Answer affirmatively or negatively, using many, much, a lot of, few, or little.-

Model: Have you got many friends? J-Yes, I've got a lot of fii^ps.

|J|No, I've got few frieti^g

1. Do many of your friends study Japanese?

2. Do you spend much time in the open air?

3. Were there many people at the meeting?

4. Have you read many English books?

5. Were many buildings damaged by the storm?

6. Haven't you done grammar exercises before?

7. Do you have much to do?

8. Does this kind of work need much effort?

Everyday Life

The Present Continuous Tense

Exercise 9.

Write sentences based on the following model, using the phrases below:

la^KSMeXfc

■HjjylieJr^^^ffi^^^S^ l^i^ding ^fleoften reals in the evening.

1) water the flowers; 9) drink coffee;

2) recite a poem; 10) play his guitar;

3) wash the dishes; 11) help his mother with the housework;

4) play football; 12) ride a bicycle;

5) eat fruit; 13) pick mushrooms in the forest;

6) talk on the telephone; 14) visit a friend;

7) tidy the room; 15) go fishing;

8) watch TV; 16) make tea.

Exercise 10.

Group Work. Students form groups of 4-6. Students take turns to mime different ac­tivities and the others have to guess what they are doing by asking questions such as "Are you drawing?", "I think you're writing, aren't you?" etc.

The Past Continuous Tense

Exercise 11.

Compose sentences of your own with the verbs in the Past Continuous Tense using the expressions given below:

?^^^g^fe^08ting a letter yesterday afternoon. S^K5vas%atching TV when I came.

1) to write a letter; 7) to listen to music;

2) to read the Forsyte Saga; 8) to phone a friend;

3) to clear the table; 9) to shave;

4) to make the bed; 10) to sing;

5) to play chess; 11) to do your homework;

6) to have breakfast; 12) to play the piano.

Unit 2

The Future Continuous Tense

shall/will be + Present Participle

• shail/wl^:be^|l|pp

OS* The use of shall instead of will is now quite rare, exept to form questions, when shall is required in the first person singular and plural.

Exercise 12.

Replace the infinitive verbs in the brackets with appropriate Present, Past or Fu­ture Continuous Tense forms:

1. Olaf (to repair) his typewriter when the telephone rang.

2. The students (to paint) beautiful pictures this summer.

3. I (to die) of thirst. Would you bring me a cup of tea?

4. Tomorrow morning at nine o'clock I (to wait) for you at the laboratory.

5. What you (to do) tomorrow at six?

6. He (to work) when his wife returns.

7. I'm afraid it (to rain) all day tomorrow.

8. Kate (to walk) home when they met her.

9. The students (to work) at the studio at the moment.

10. The girls (to arrange) flowers when their father arrived.

11. What will you (to do) at this time tomorrow?

12. Tom (to leave) for Paris when I saw him last.

Exercise 13.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verbs from the list below:

1. Jane came into the kitchen while her mother... to the milkman.

2. He... at the seaside now.

3. Lucy always smiles when she is in trouble, and she... now.

4. When I first met her she... at the University.

5. We... the whole night - it's no wonder that we are sleepy now.

6. I... tonight. I've got my plane ticket.

7. We... to London tomorrow at 2 p.m.

8. I... a test at this time tomorrow.

9. Just as I... the door the telephone rang.
10. She.... at the moment.

dance; work; take; talk; smile; open; live; leave; study; fly;

Everyday Life

Exercise 14.

Make up logical sentences from the following words:

1. land/was/it/the/was/boat/evening/the/approaching/and

2. lying/bed/in/a/was/Sharp/man/Mr./when/room/entered/his/once

3. her/tears/running/word/she/a/were/and/down/could/cheeks/not/utter

4. jungle/group/were/a/of/working/very/Africa/in/the/heart/of/the/geologists/in

5. birds/the/was/leaf/and/sun/trees/just/shining/were/were/singing/into/bursting/the

6. last/they/front/their/of/Monday/were/evening/sitting/house/in

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

a) young - younger - youn gest lovely - lovelier - loveliest fast - faster - fastest

b) pleasant - more pleasant - most pleasant expensive - more expensive - most expensive quickly - more quickly - most quickly

c) good/well - better - best bad/badly - worse - worst much - more - most little - less - least

Exercise 15.

Use the appropriate degree of the adjectives and adverbs:

1. We went very (fast) but the wolves were even (fast).

2. They got (near) and (near) and it was quite clear what was going to happen.

3. Dick is (tall) than both Tom and Adam.

4. My new job is (bad) than the one I had before.

5. I like summer (well) of all because it is the (warm) season.

6. This book on contemporary art is (good) than the one you gave me last time.

7. Alex got (good) marks in his writing class this term.

8. Kyiv is (large) than Lviv but (smalt) than London.

9. Pompeii is (small) than might be expected.

10. Birmingham is the (large) city in England after London.

Unit 2

Exercise 16.

Work in pairs: Ask your partner questions, using adjectives in the Superlative De­gree.

>iJfiddeIrWhic||i^^

lij^jkrgest p^^3^ai/Brit0n is Londoi§|j

a) short month; b) cold place; c) strong team; d) deep lake; e) great Scottish poet; etc.

Exercise 17.

Supply prepositions where necessary:

1. When the last exam was over she was so tired that she couldn't sleep... night.

2. The note became clearer only after he looked... it once more.

3. She liked to stay... home... the evening... an interesting book.

4. Can I invite you... the cafe... a cup of tea?

5. "When will you be back home?" - "I'll be back... dinner,... about eight o'clock".

6. They left their children... the baby-sitter and went... the cinema.

7. It was... four o'clock and time to go back home.

8. The weather is a safe topic... conversation.

9. As I was walking... home it was long... midnight and my chances... getting a warm meal were next... none.

10. He was... such difficulty that he turned... help... a complete stranger.

Exercise 18.

Make up a logical text from the following sentences:

A. In despair Ann phoned her parents.

B. "Just a minute", he said quickly. "I'll get your mother."

C. One evening she had great difficulty getting Betsy to sleep.

D. She said, "Can I speak to mother?"

E. While she was a student Ann had to earn extra money.

F. "Why don't you ever speak to me, Ann?" asked her father.

G. Her father answered the phone.

H. "All right", she replied, "Betsy's been crying for over an hour and I don't know

what to do". I. She was babysitting, and the child she was looking after was just under a year

old.

Everyday Life

DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS

Exercise 1. A Telephone Conversation

Read and listen to the telephone conversation between the two friends about their plans for the weekend. Make notes about the activities mentioned. Discuss in pairs what the speakers wanted to do and whether they managed to do it. Give an expla­nation.

Br. Hello, Susan, this is Brian. How are you?

S: Fine, thanks, Brian. And you?

Br. Not too bad, I suppose. Listen, are you free on Friday evening? I' ve got two tick­ets for the London Symphony Orchestra concert at the Barbican Arts Centre. Would you like to come with me?

S: Oh, Brian. I'd like to but... I'm so sorry I can't. I promised my sister I'd go and visit her on Friday after work.

Br. What a pity! Look, perhaps we could meet on Saturday morning. Why don't we go somewhere in the country and have lunch together in a small restaurant or pub?

S: Well, let me see... I'm afraid I'll be away till Saturday afternoon. And, besides, I'm having lunch with Caroline. Sorry about that.

Br. OK, I see.... Things don't seem to get easier. But, are you doing anything in the evening? What about going out for dinner? I'll give you a ring at about 7.

S: That would be lovely!...

Exercise 2.

Think of possible ways to continue the dialogue in Exercise 1. Discuss them with your partner. Prepare to practise the extended dialogue in class.

The following expressions may be helpful:

What/How about...-ing...? I'm not sure. I'd love to.

I suggest that we... It depends. Fine, see you then.

Why not...?

Exercise 3.

Write down approximately ten sentences about activities you like or don't like do­ing every day or during the weekends, using the following expressions:

I like/love...; What I like best is...;

... is great/very good/fun/fantastic; I hate/dislike...;

I enjoy...; What I don't like about... is...;

Unit 2

Exercise 4.

Discuss the sentences you 've written in groups and make a short list of the most popular and the least popular everyday activities. Report back to the class.

Exercise 5.

In pairs, ask each other questions about your everyday activities. Give answers, making at least three of them untrue. Let your partner suggest which answers were untrue. Ask your partner to give reasons to justify his/her opinion. Explain which are the right answers.

Who wakes you up in the morning?

Do you take a bath or a shower in the morning?

What do you usually have for breakfast?

When do you leave home to go to the University?

Is the place where you live close to the University?

When do your classes usually begin?

Where do you go for a snack?

When does your last class finish?

How long does it take you to prepare for a class?

Do you often go to the cinema in the evening?

How do you usually spend your free time?

Exercise 6.

Talk about how you spent last weekend or your plans for a future weekend.

Exercise 7.

Read and listen to the following dialogues, then practise them with your partner:

1) A: Hello, Jack! How are you?

B: Hello! I'm fine, thanks. Nice to see you again. A: You too. Lovely day, isn't it? B: Yes, quite warm and not windy.

A: But they say it's going to get worse. I'm afraid we'll have a few rainy days soon.

2) A: Here you are at last!
B: I'm so sorry I'm late.

A: That's all right. Isn't it a lovely morning?

B: I suppose it is. The weather's improving. It's getting warmer.

A: Much warmer than yesterday.

B: I believe we'll have a fine few days after all.

Unit 2

Exercise 4.

Discuss the sentences you 've written in groups and make a short list of the most popular and the least popular everyday activities. Report back to the class.

Exercise 5.

In pairs, ask each other questions about your everyday activities. Give answers, making at least three of them untrue. Let your partner suggest which answers were untrue. Ask your partner to give reasons to justify his/her opinion. Explain which are the right answers.

Who wakes you up in the morning?

Do you take a bath or a shower in the morning?

What do you usually have for breakfast?

When do you leave home to go to the University?

Is the place where you live close to the University?

When do your classes usually begin?

Where do you go for a snack?

When does your last class finish?

How long does it take you to prepare for a class?

Do you often go to the cinema in the evening?

How do you usually spend your free time?

Exercise 6.

Talk about how you spent last weekend or your plans for a future weekend.

Exercise 7.

Read and listen to the following dialogues, then practise them with your partner:

1) A: Hello, Jack! How are you?

B: Hello! I'm fine, thanks. Nice to see you again. A: You too. Lovely day, isn't it? B: Yes, quite warm and not windy.

A: But they say it's going to get worse. I'm afraid we'll have a few rainy days soon.

2) A: Here you are at last!
B: I'm so sorry I'm late.

A: That's all right. Isn't it a lovely morning?

B: I suppose it is. The weather's improving. It's getting warmer.

A: Much warmer than yesterday.

B: I believe we'll have a fine few days after all.

Everyday Life

3) A: What awful weather we're having!

B: It certainly is. This heavy snow makes it difficult to get around.

A: How long will this terrible weather last?

B: I've read the weather forecast for today. It says that the

rest of the day will be bright and sunny. A: Great!

4) A: Isn't it a lovely day?

B: Yes, it's just like summer.

A: Do you like summer?

B: Of course I do. I love the sunshine and the warm summer evenings.

Exercise 8.

Reply to these comments:

Isn't it a miserable day?... What lovely weather we're having today!... I'm afraid it looks like rain, doesn't it?... It hasn't snowed like this for a long time!... What a nasty day it is!...

Exercise 9.

In pairs, discuss the answers to the questions:

1) What are the names of the months of the year?

2) How long does each of the seasons last?

3) What is the rainiest season?

4) How do people protect themselves from the rain?

5) What is the weather like in winter?

6) Does it often rain in summer?

7) Is it cold and windy today?

8) What season do you like best?

Exercise 10.

Interview each other about the season around the time of your birthdays, (e.g. Is the weather usually warm on your birthday?)

Exercise 11.

Think of a story or situation illustrating the time of year when it is your birthday. Present the story in class so that the others can guess when you were born.

11

Unit 2

Exercise 12.

Learn this poem by heart:

The flowery Spring leads sunny Summer, And yellow Autumn presses near. Then in his turn comes gloomy Winter, Till smiling Spring again appear.

(by Robert Burns)

Exercise 13.

Read the following text and discuss the answers to the questions in groups:

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