Prepositions of movement

Fill the gaps with a preposition from the list below. There may be several possibilities.

above	behind	across	off	by	into
against	up	round	out of	on	over
below	through	onto	past	down	to
along	towards	beside	at	in

Mary’s day out

The sun rose (a) _____ Mary’s house. It was a beautiful day. Mary came (b)_____ her front door and went (c)_____ the path. (d)_____ the gate and (e)_____ the street. She crossed (f)_____ the road and walked (g)_____ the bus stop. The bus arrived and she got (h)_____ the bus. It went (i)_____ the corner, (j)_____ the High Street, (k)_____ all the shops and (l)_____ the countryside. It topped (m)_____ the duck pond (n)_____ the next village, and Mary got (o)_____. She climbed (p)_____ a stile and started walking (q)_____ a big flied. Suddenly, she saw a huge bull running (r)_____ her! She raced (s)_____ the far side of the field and squeezed (t)_____ the hedge. Out of breath, she sat down (u)_____ the grass (v)_____ the river. She leant back (w)_____ a rock. The sun was warm. Mary closed her eyes and listened to the water flowing (x)_____. Soon she was fast asleep. When she awoke the sun had disappeared (y)_____ the horizon.

PART III

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

& Reading

Read the following dialogues and make your own dialogue where you will find out how to get to a place in your city by transport. Try to get exact directions to these places.

1. Operator: May I help you?

Alice: Can you tell me which bus to take downtown?

Operator: Where are you calling from?

Alice: I’m at the corner of Linda Vista Road and Ulric Street.

Operator: You can catch the bus right there. Take either number 4 or H bus.

Alice: Do I need to transfer?

Operator: No, either bus goes directly to town. They leave on the hour and the half-hour.

Alice: How much is the fare?

Operator: It’s $1.00, unless you have a monthly pass. You’d better have the exact change or a $1 bill.

Alice: Thank you.

2. Bob: Exuse me, is there a bus stop near University Avenue? I want to get off there.

Driver: There’s a bus stop one block before.

Bob: Would you please tell me when we get there?

Driver: Yes, I’d be glad to.

Bob: Could you tell me where I would get off to transfer to the H bus?

Driver Get off at First Street and cross the street. Keep the transfer to show the driver.

Bob: Thank you.

3. Clerk: May I help you?

Alec: I’d like two tickets on the next bus to Portland, please.

Clerk: One way or round-trip? You save 10% on a round trip ticket.

Alec: Then two round-trip tickets, please. Is this an express bus?

Clerk: Yes it goes straight through to Portland. No stops. Do you have any baggage to check?

Alec: Only one suitcase.

Clerk: Write your name on this tag, please. Don’t you want to check that one too?

Alec: No. I want to hand-carry this one.

Clerk: Put this tag on your bag and keep the claim check. The bus will be loading at the west end of the depot in 15 minutes. Have a good trip.

Alec: Thank you.

Exercise 1

Read the paragraph and say how people in your country pay transport fare.

London Buses

The system of bus fares is based on zones, like Underground fares. If you travel in the rush hour during the week, you may pay more in some zones. Fares are also higher if you are travelling through two or more zones and one of them is central. London Transport can sell you a One Day Bus Pass (this does not include the central zone), you can buy Bus Passes in advance from newsagents and some bus garages or a Local Area Bus Pass if you live in an outer area. But it may be better to buy a Travel Card, which you can also use on the Underground and on British Rail.

Exercise 2

Study the bus schedule below to answer the questions that follow.

Grossmont Center, to San Diego State University, Mission Valley,

Fashion Valley, Mission Beach and Pacific Beach

MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY SCHEDULE

Leave Grossmont Center	Due Lake Murrey Blvd.	Due College Ave.	Due Fashion Valley	Due Mission Blvd.	Arrive Mission Blvd. & Sapphire
6:20	6:27	6:40	6:55	7:07	7:15
7:25	7:32	7:45	8:00	8:12	8:20
8:37	8:44	8:57	9:12	9:24	9:36
9:37	9:44	9:57	10:12	10:24	10:30
10:37	10:44	10:57	11:12	11:24	11:36
11:37	11:44	11:57	12:12	12:24	12:36
12:37	12:44	12:57	1:12	1:24	1:36
1:37	1:44	1:57	2:12	2:24	2:36
2:37	2:44	2:57	3:14	3:26	3:36

1. How long does it take to go from Grossmont Centre to Fashion Valley if you leave Grossmont Center at 7:25 in the morning?

2. How many buses leave Grossmont Center before 12:00 noon?

3. If you have to be at Fashion Valley at 12:00 noon, what’s the latest bus you can take from Grossmont Center?

4. If you leave College Avenue at 10:57, what time will you arrive at Mission Boulevard and Sapphire?

5. If you leave Grossmont Center at 10:37 in the morning to go to Fashion Valley but you miss the bus, how long do you have to wait for the next bus?

Exercise 3

Put each of the following words in the correct space in the passage below.

Fare, sliding doors, platform, conductor, crew, cab, double-decker, bus stop, driver, rush hour, tube, destination, inspector, subway, lift, hail, single-decker, taxi-rank, metro, coach, meter, escalator, conductress, check, tip, rack

A taxi, sometimes called a ___, is the most comfortable way to travel. You simply ___, the taxi in the street or go to a ___, where there are several taxis waiting, for example, at a station. At the end of the journey, you can see how much the ___ is by looking at the ___. You add a ___ to this, and that’s it. Very simple. But expensive!

What about taking a bus? If it has two floors, it’s called a ___ and you can get a good view from the top. If it has only one floor, it’s called a ___. Most buses have a two-person ___: the ___, who drives of course, and the ___, (or ___ if it’s a woman) who takes your money. Keep your ticket because an ___ might want to ___ it. You catch a bus by waiting at a ___. You can see where a bus is going to because the ___ is written on the front. But try to avoid the ___.

Quicker than the bus is the underground (called the ___ in London, the ___ in New York and the ___ in Paris and many other cities). You buy your ticket at the ticket office. Go down to the ___ on the ___ or in the ___. The train comes. The ___ open. You get on. You look at the map of the underground system. Very simple.

For longer distances take a train or a long distance bus, usually called a ___, which is slower but cheaper. The train is very fast. Put your luggage on the ___ and sit and wait till you arrive.

& Reading

Read and translate the texts.

How to travel by metro.

If you want to travel by metro, look out for a metro station first. They are easy to recognize because of the large letter M. There are a few lines in the Kyiv metro, and some are under construction. They intersect at Khreschatyk Station. Each line has a particular colour on the map. It’s easy to follow. We haven’t got any line running non-stop between their two ends. There are no tickets in the metro. A 50-kopeck token will take you to any station you like and you can even make a tour of the entire system. There are moving staircases or escalators to take you down to the platform below. The underground system is very simple in Kyiv. You may have to change lines. At the station you can see the notice telling you where to go. If you follow the directions, you will get to the right platform with no trouble at all. Now, go through the automatic gates to the escalators and down to the platform below, get on the right train and – have a nice journey!

In the Kyiv Metro you do not feel as if you are underground. This is due to the unique architecture and the artistic design of the stations which are like palaces. No stations are alike, most of them have their own architectural and artistic design.

The London Underground.

The London Underground is very big. There are ten lines: Victoria, Central, Circle, Piccadilly, Northern, District, Metropolitan, Bakerloo, Jubilee and East London Section. All in all there are more than 300 stations on the London Underground. There are two terminal stations on each line. The lines cross each other many times, so at some stations you can change to other lines, or you can say that at these stations there is an interchange with other lines. At some stations you can change to an ordinary railway, the name of which in Britain is British Rail. Some stations are closed on Sundays, others – on Saturdays and Sundays, still others are open Monday to Friday at rush hours only.

Exercise 1

Fill in the prepositions where it is necessary:

If you want to travel ____ metro, look out ____ a metro station first.

A 50-kopeck token will take you ___ any station you like and you can even make a tour ___ the entire system.

Now, go __________ the automatic gates to the escalators and down to the platform below, get ___ the right train and – have a nice journey!

They are easy to recognize because ____ the large letter M.

They intersect _____ Khreschatyk Station.

There are a few lines ___ the Kyiv metro, and some are ______ construction.

Each line has a particular colour ____ the map.

There are no tickets ___ the metro.

If you follow the directions, you will get ____ the right platform ____ no trouble at all.

Exercise 2

Insert necessary words:

In the Kyiv _______ you do not feel as if you are underground. This is due to the unique ____________ and the __________ design of the stations which are like _________.

There are a few _____ in the Kyiv metro, and some are under construction.

If you want to _______ by metro, look out for a metro ______ first.

Each line has a particular _______ on the map.

We haven’t got any line running non-_____ between their two ends.

6. There are _________ staircases or escalators to take you down to the platform below.

Exercise 3

Match a word in A with a word in B to make a new noun and fill in the gaps with the correct compound noun.

A B

rush	air	park	port
town *	motor	way	stop
railway	department	agent’s	store
traffic	car	centre *	shop
book	travel	office	lights
bus	ticket	station	hour

Stop the car! The __________ are red.

Heathrow is one of the biggest _______ in the world.

Harrods is the best _______ in London, but it’s very expensive to go shopping there.

We waited in the rain at the _______ for one hour before the bus came.

All big towns have a ________ every morning when people go to work, and again in the evening when they go home.

Sun and Sea is the best _________ in the _____. They have good cheap holidays.

I hate driving on the M25. It goes around London and it’s one of the busiest _______ in the country.

The ________ was very big and I couldn’t find the _______. A man told me that it was near Platform 1.

No I didn’t borrow this book from the library. I bought it at a ______.

I can’t find the place for parking. Where is the_____________.

Exercise 4

Explain the difference between the following words.

1. a bus driver and a bus conductor

2. fare and fine

3. a booking office and a box office

4. an urban area and a rural area

5. a bus and a motor coach

Exercise 5

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. Sometimes you have to change the form.

Traffic, direct, light, fast, transport, rush-hour, change, fare, overcrowded, convenient, distance, town, underground, travel, foot

People use various means of 1. _______ to get from one place to another. When getting about 2. _______ one can go by bus, trolley-bus or by the underground. The 3. _______ in every city is very popular with the citizens. It’s the 4. _______ and most 5. _______ way of going about town. If you have to 6. _______ a short 7. _______ you may take a bus, a tram, a trolley-bus or go on 8. _______. If there is no 9. _______ bus to your destination, you’ll have to 10. _______ on to another bus (trolley-bus, tram). When we travel on buses (trams, etc) we have to pay 11. _______. It’s not too much and it doesn’t depend on the distance you go. If there are many cars, buses and trolley-buses in the town we say that the 12. _______ is heavy. If the vehicles are few we say that the traffic is 13. _______. The traffic is especially heavy in the 14. _______, that is in the morning when people are hurrying to work and in the evening when people are coming back home. At this time the public transport is 15. _______ (packed to the full).

Exercise 6

Fill in prepositions where necessary.

The easiest way to get around London is ____ underground.

I decided not to go ____ car. I went ____ my bike instead.

Queue ____ a bus stop. Do not try to push in front ____ everyone else, get ____ the bus through the entrance door.

Quick! Get ____ the train. It’s ready to leave.

Sorry, I’m late. I missed the bus, so I had to come ____ foot.

He got ____ the car and drove off.

I was travelling ____ train ____ Bristol. When the train arrived ____ Bristol I got ____ the train.

If you happen to be careless ____ traffic rules and cross a street either ____ a red light or not ____ a zebra crossing you are sure to be punished ____ traffic rules offence.

I saw Jake this morning. He was ____ a bus which passed me.

My mother usually goes ____ work ____ her car.

Exercise 7

Explain the difference between

1. a carriage and a compartment

2. a season ticket and a return ticket

3. a ticket inspector and a bus conductor

4. a train driver and a guard

— Speaking

Decide if each of the sentences below is an advantage or a disadvantage for that type of public transportation. Put a plus in front of the advantages and a minus in front of the disadvantages. Explain your decision.

Bus     Subway Train   Taxi

___ Riders must always have correct change for the fare box. ___ Riders can get transfers from one bus route to another. ___ The conductors speak fast, and it’s hard to understand them. ___ During rush hours there are many subways to choose from. ___ Commuter trains never have to go through traffic. ___ Train timetables are long and difficult to understand. ___ Taxi fares are expensive, and the passenger must tip the driver. ___ Taxicabs are often the quickest way to get around city.

Exercise 8

Translate into English.

Транспорт в місті Києві

Найшвидшим і найзручнішим транспортним засобом звичайно ж є метро. Система Київського метро досить проста, усього три лінії. В разі якщо вам доведеться робити пересадку на станціях, там де необхідно, ви потрапите до потрібної вам платформи без жодної проблеми. В київському метро не відчувається, що ви під землею. Це завдяки унікальному архітектурному і художньому дизайну станцій, які схожі на палаци. Кожна станція представляє сюжет історичної події, що відображає мирні зусилля народу України.

Щодо інших видів міського транспорту, то якість їх послуг залишає бажати кращого. У години пік, коли рух у місті дуже інтенсивний, майже не можливо сісти на автобус чи тролейбус. Вам поталанило, якщо ви не потрапили до транспортної пробки, вам не відтоптали ноги, і ви змогли вчасно пробитися до виходу, щоб не проїхати свою зупинку. Коли ви вийшли з автобусу, навіть якщо почуваєтесь ні живим, ні мертвим після такої подорожі, будьте уважним на вулиці і дотримуйтесь правил дорожнього руху, оскільки транспортні пригоди часто трапляються за вини пішоходів. Найкращий і найнебезпечніший спосіб перейти проїжджу частину у центрі міста, звичайно, підземним переходом або принаймні на зелене світло. Не ставте під загрозу життя інших людей і своє особисте, порушуючи правила дорожнього руху.

Exercise 9

Put the correct preposition in each space in the sentences below.

1. We went down ___ the lift. 2. We met ___ the station. 3. I waited 20 minutes ___ a bus. 4. In Britain people queue ___ buses. 5. We must wait ___ the bus stop. 6. She waited ___ the platform. 7. The tube stops ___ every station. 8. The conductor asked ___ our fares. 9. We finally got ___ the bus ___ our destination. 10.I’ll meet you ___ the ticket office. 11.Get your ticket ___ the machine.

Exercise 10

Write a good question for each of the following answers on the lines below.

Example: Ask the bus driver. What do you do if you are not sure of your stop?

1. Pull the cord!

Hold onto the strap!

Look at the timetable.

Look at the meter.

Ask the conductor.

Give a good tip.

Offer your seat.

— Speaking

Choose the best answer and tell why you choose it. There may be more than one good answer.

1. An elderly man gets on a crowded bus. A middle-aged woman rider should

1. get up and motion to her seat,

2. stay seated and say nothing,

3. ask if he would like her seat,

4. other.

2. A taxicab driver gives you your change in ten-dollar bills. You don’t have any smaller change, and you don’t want to tip ten dollars.

1. Ask the driver if he has change.

2. Leave no tip.

3. Ask the driver to wait a minute and get change from a nearby store.

4. Other.

3. The driver of a horse-drawn carriage has given you a very nice tour of the city. Give

1. a 5% tip,

2. a 15% tip,

3. no tip,

4. other.

4. The person next to you on the train is sitting very close to you, and you begin to feel uncomfortable.

1. Pull the emergency cord.

2. Change your seat.

3. Leave the train.

4. Tell the conductor.

— Speaking

What can you say in each situation?

1. A friend wants back the bike you borrowed six weeks ago, but you don’t have money to pay the transport fare and have to get to your work somehow.

2. The bus driver wants to know why you don’t have a ticket.

3. You promised to repair your friend’s car. The friend is still waiting.

4. The ticket inspector on the train says you have the wrong ticket.

Exercise 11

Translate into Ukrainian.

Я живу у великому, чистому, гарно спланованому і прекрасному місті. Коли я стомлююсь від шуму і гаміру галасливого міста, я разом з батьками їду до бабусі у село. Це навіть і не село, а хутірець. Його чудова природа відновлює мої сили і енергію. Тихими вечорами я прогулююсь маленькими стежинками. Вони вузенькі, звивисті, але мають свою чарівність. Міські жителі часто проводять відпустки у сільсікій місцевості. А мої родичі з батькової сторони, що живуть у селі, часом навідуються до нашого міста. На щастя у них є власний автомобіль, і вони їдуть по двосторонньому шосе до міста. Оскільки мій дядько гарний водій, він добре знає дорожні знаки.

Крім того, йому, як і всім пішоходам, необхідно дотримуватись правил дорожнього руху. Мій дядько часто розказує історії, про те, як пішоходи порушують правила: переходять дорогу на червоне світло, не користуються переходами “зебра”, або підземними переходами. Навіть маленькі діти знають, що перш ніж перейти дорогу, спочатку треба подивитися наліво, а, дійшовши середини, подивитись направо.

Моя ж тітка віддає перевагу міському транспорту, стверджуючи, що автомобіль витрачає багато часу, “застрявши” в транспортній “пробці”. Вона користується автобусом, тролейбусом і трамваєм, але звичайно віддає перевагу метро. Купивши жетон, ви спускаєтесь ескалатором на платформу і можете проїхати одну зупинку або подорожувати аж до кінцевої зупинки.

Автобусом дуже важко подорожувати в наш час. По-перше, автобуси ходять нечасто, по-друге, вони дуже переповнені. Тітка радить купляти талони завчасно та вчасно їх компостувати, щоб вас не обізвали “зайцями” (bilker) і не покарали. Та надійніше придбати проїздний квиток і подорожувати аж скільки душа забажає (to one’s heart’s content)!

PART IV

TRANSPORT

Listening

Listen to what two people are saying about how they travel in a large city.

Before you listen, study the table and predict what they will say. As you listen, write in the table the information from the conversation.

Do you agree with what they say?

	Public transport	Car
Cost
Problems
Convenience

Lynn: Well, I reckon it’s a bit ____ to have a car, if you live in the middle of London like I do. Personally, I go everywhere ___ _____ transport, buses, tubes, and I don’t have any complaints - well, not too many.

Interviewer: It’s quite expensive nowadays though, isn’t it?

Lynn: Like everything else, I’m afraid. I would say it will cost me about 5 or 6 pounds a week. Sometimes I get a Travelcard, which you can use on the ____ or on the buses, and sometimes I get the bus. It depends how organized I am feeling that week. It’s very easy to use public transport, it’s much cheaper than a car, and there’s lots of it, you can get anywhere quickly, especially on the Underground. While in a car you ___ _____ in a ______ ____.

Interviewer: So you wouldn’t consider _______ even a small car?

Lynn: It doesn’t make any sence for me. The big problem is parking, there’s simply nowhere to put it if you drive into the centre, unless you feel like paying a fortune in a ____ ____. And even then, sometimes you just can’t find a space. And the other big problem is crime - if you leave your car in the street, chances are that either the car, or _____ of it will be missing when you come back...

Interviewer: Peter, you run a car, don’t you? Is it really worth it?

Peter: Well I must admit, I’ve often asked myself that question, especially when I’m stuck in the middle of a traffic jam. I suppose that the main reason I still do it is that I can’t stand waiting for buses and trains and things - I just ____ ___ the car, and ___ I ___. It’s easier to plan your journey. And you can go any time - most public transport is fairly awful after say 12.30 at night, so if you like going out late, you know, there’s a problem. And the buses are so ______ all the time, and the tubes, so you end up feeling like a _______ in a tin...

Interviewer: Isn’t it a bit expensive though?

Peter: Yes, it is. I’ve worked out that it costs me between 15 and 20 pounds a week, so I suppose I could save a lot of money if I went by bus. It’s just that I can’t stand all that waiting, ______ and shoving, you know? Anyway I enjoy driving...

Exercise 1

The following comments are overheard at the local truckers’ cafe. Read each comment, decide what kind of driver is talking or write what kind of truck he/she drives.

Example: Trash cans are very heavy! A sanitation worker who drives a garbage truck.

1. Delivering oil is a dangerous job!

2. You’ve moved five rooms of furniture today!

3. I am on my way to pull a broken-down car to a service station.

4. They bought a lot of hamburgers today.

5. I still have two more packages to deliver.

6. I have seen new automobiles on the truck.

7. I hope it doesn’t snow again tomorrow.

8. I’m loaded with two tons of dirt.

9. The mixer makes so much noise.

10. You wouldn’t believe how dirty city streets are.

Exercise 2

Write the word that best describes the examples listed.

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