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1. Each time when the pain occurs during walking, it appears at the same time.
2. It is a simple physiotherapy that restored the normal breathing in 76% of patients.
3. It is an antibiotic that reduced the healing time of these septic lesions.
4. It is known that heart sounds help to make the diagnosis.
5. It was not until 1865 when Joseph Lister first used carbolic acid in surgery.
6. It is reaction to stress which resulted in a bad headache.
Ex. 32. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to some, any, no and their derivatives; few, a few, little, a little.
1. Some tests gave the same results.
2. Something happened to the patient at home, but nobody could help him.
3. Any disease may be dangerous to life if you don’t treat it from the very beginning.
4. Is there any change for the better in the course of the disease?
5. Don’t take any drug without doctor’s prescription.
6. No reason for this reaction with aspirin is clear.
7. No cases of diphtheria occurred in our town last year.
8. Nothing troubles the patient today and he complains of nothing.
9. You may mix the granules with one teaspoon of milk but not with any other liquids.
10. Is there anything important in the laboratory findings?
11. Something dangerous happened with the patient after the operation.
12. A few patients had the same symptoms.
13. Few students get an increased stipend in our group.
14. There are a few students in our group who get an increased stipend.
Ex. 33. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of as:
1. She works in the polyclinic as a nurse.
2. He studies at the medical faculty as he wants to become a doctor.
3. Any man or woman notices some changes in the body shape as he or she ages.
4. As aging we become shorter.
5. In the human being the size of the heart is as large as his or her fist (кулак).
6. As for me I visit the dentist twice a year.
Ex. 34. Memorize the words
Ex. 35. a). Look through text E and find the sentences with some, any, no and their derivatives. b) Read and translate these sentences.
Text E. Some aging changes in body shape.
Any man or woman notices some changes in the body shape as he or she ages. Although some changes inevitably occur with aging, the lifestyle changes may slow or speed up these changes.
The human body is made up of fat, muscles and organs, bones, water, and other substances. As people age, the amount and distribution of these materials will change.
Fat tissue may increase toward the center of the body. The amount of body fat may increase by as much as 30%.The muscles, liver, kidney, and other organs may lose some of their cells. This process of muscle loss is called atrophy. Bones may lose some of their minerals and become less dense. Tissue loss reduces the amount of water in the body.
Any man may become shorter. The tendency to become shorter occurs among all races and both sexes. Height loss is related to joints. People typically lose about 1 cm every 10 years after age 40. Height loss is even greater after 70 years old. In total, no man may prevent lose in height as he or she ages.
Men often gain weight until about age 55, and then begin to lose weight. This may be related to a drop in the male sex hormone testosterone. Women usually gain weight until age 65, and then begin to lose weight. Weight loss is, in part, results from a loss of muscle tissue. Of course, weight loss or gain varies from person to person, too. Diet and exercise play a large role in these changes.
Any body changes also play an important role in how the body uses drugs. One should not take any medicine without doctor’s prescription. It may result in some very bad side effects.
Although it is very difficult to prevent some age-related changes, any man can take some steps to slow or reduce them. Lifestyle plays a large role in how fast these age-related changes take place.
Home work.
Ex. 36. Read, translate and memorize the word combinations:
To view the body as a collection of interacting systems, to work independently, to result in variety of changes in the body function, to notice any changes in the body shape, to lose some of the minerals, to become less dense, to occur among all races and both sexes, to become inevitable, to result from aging, to lose weight, not to take any medicine without doctor’s prescription, to result in very bad side effects, to vary from person to person.
Ex. 37. Complete the sentences with some, any, no and their derivatives. Translate the sentences.
1. Have you got…..drugs for headache?
2. Are there …..institutes of higher education in your town?
3. Yesterday I read…..interesting articles on antibiotic treatment in English journals.
4. Do you know ….. foreign languages? No, I don’t know…...
5. …… of these symptoms are not typical for pneumonia.
6. You may come to the polyclinic on ….. day but Saturday.
7. The doctor noticed ….changes for the worse in the patient’s condition.
8. Not….. man can become a doctor.
9. We did not go …..on Sunday. We were very busy with our home task.
10. ….. infectious disease is very dangerous in babies.
11. Blood culture contained….. organisms.
Ex. 38. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the meanings of as:
Ex. 39. Read and translate text E.
5.
Class work.
Ex. 40. Study the table the Adjective Suffixes.
| Adjective Suffixes | ||
| -able, -ible | capable of being | responsible, presentable |
| -al | pertaining to | regional |
| -ful | notable for | beautiful |
| -ic, -ical | pertaining to | musical, mythic |
| -ious, -ous | characterized by | dangerous |
| -ish | having the quality of, not full quality | fiendish, reddish |
| -ive | having the nature of | creative |
Ex. 41. Translate the adjectives:
Medical, conical, experimental, special, practical, social, formal, personal, clinical, pharmaceutical, democratic, economic, scientific, connective, convertible, attentive, constructive, collective, active, effective, relative, illustrative, protective, continuous, numerous, venous, famous, nervous, considerable, changeable, eatable, comfortable, variable, responsible, extensible, useful, beautiful, painful, helpful, thankful, harmful, restful, watchful, womanish, reddish, fattish, yellowish, thinnish, thickish
Ex. 42. Translate the sentences.
Ex. 43. Let’s laugh a little. Translate at sight.
Text F. The doctor’s help.
Any man who is ill can call in a doctor from the local polyclinic and pay nothing. But everyone must pay a private doctor for his work.
There was a bookseller who did not like to pay for anything. One day a big box of books fell on his foot.
’’Go to the doctor,’’ said his wife ’’and show your foot to him.’’
’’No.’’ said the man,’ I shall wait until the doctor comes into my shop next time. Then I shall ask him about my foot and I shall pay him nothing. If I go to see him, I shall have to pay him.’’
Next day the doctor came into the shop to buy some books. Then the bookseller told the doctor about his foot. The doctor looked at it.
’’Yes,’’ said the doctor.’ You must put your foot in the hot water every night’’. Then he wrote the prescription and said, ’’ Buy this medicine and put it on your foot before you go to bed every night. It is the treatment that will control your pain.’’
’’Thank you,’’ said the bookseller. ’’And now, here are your books.’’
’’How much?’’ said the doctor.
’’ Two pounds.’’
’’Good,’ said the doctor. ’’I shall not pay you anything.’’
’’Why?’’ asked the bookseller.
’’If people come to my house I ask them to pay one pound, but when I go to their houses I take two pounds.’’
Home work.
Ex. 44. Form the adjectives from the verbs and translate them:
To protect, to act, to connect, to construct, to convert, to thank, to harm, to rest, to consider, to form, to eat.
Ex. 45. Form the adjectives from the nouns and translate them:
An experiment, a practice, a person, a medicine, a myth, an economy, a democracy, a science, a pain, help, a beauty, fame, a woman.
Read, analyze and translate the sentences.
1. The bigger the difference in the results between the second and the first groups, the bigger the pharmacological effectiveness of the substance.
2. It is the physical activity that is an important cause of asthma symptoms for most asthma patients and for some it is the only cause.
3. It is also possible for somebody to carry the infection and be contagious, even though they never had any symptoms.
4. The healthier your heart and arteries theless you need aspirin.
5. Can anybody in his family help the patient to cope (справиться) with his stress?
6. Only a few patients complained of the same side-effects after the long-term treatment.
7. At best these drugs should be used for the short-term treatment-meaning days or even weeks, but not months or years.
8. It is also possible to make diagnoses from saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid samples but it is not widely spread.
9. The harder the water the less heart disease deaths.
10. The longer the recipient lives the more expensive is the transplant.
Ex. 47. a) Read and translate text F. b) Find, write out, translate and memorize all the working verbs.
Text G. OUR HUMAN BODY
The human body is the entire physical structure of a human organism. It consists of the head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. An adult skeleton consists of about 200 bones. It is known that the average height of an adult man is about 1.8 m (6 feet) tall and the adult woman about 1.6 to 1.7 m (5 to 5.5 feet) tall. It is firstly diet and secondly genes that determine this size. But as for body type and body composition they depend on such factors as diet and exercise. By the time when the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of about to 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000) cells. The cell is the smallest element of the human body. It is a part of any organ system which performs different life functions. There are twelve organ systems in the body. The organs of the body include the brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, gallbladder, urine bladder, pancreas, large intestine (colon), small intestine (ileum), male and female genitals, and skin.
Thus, we have:
The lungs through which we breathe;
The heart that pumps the blood;
The stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas that digest food;
The kidneys that form urine
And the brains to work that all out.
The human is the most unique of all living things on this Earth. Not only the human body is made up of skin, muscles, bones, nerves, blood and hair but also brain. Our body consists of various special organs such as the eyes, the ears, and the nose. The base unit of any living body is a cell. Numerous cells combine together and form a special part of the body. The human body is such a complex machine that works in harmony and performs complex activities without any programming (unlike a computer). Not to forget that still each one of us is different and that we all make mistakes.
6.
Class work.
Ex. 48. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the words “some” and “same”.
1. Some diseases have the same symptoms.
2. It is not good in this case to take more than one antibiotic at the same time.
3. An X-ray examination may be necessary in some cases of chest pain.
4. The structure of the bronchi walls is the same as the structure of the trachea walls.
5. Heart disease in the child was the result of some infection.
6. Some cold symptoms are the same as in bronchitis and grippe.
7. Same sex marriages have already been approved in some states of America.
8. The chewable tablet for children has the same dose as the adult tablet.
Ex. 49. Read, analyze and translate the sentences.
1. The more fat removed, the higher the surgical risk.
2. It is ideal for the patient to be as fit as possible before this procedure and not to smoke for several months.
3. Women’s heart beats faster than men’s.
4. Like any muscle, the heart needs constant supply of oxygen.
5. It is the advantages of 30 years of improvements which resulted in operations when more fat cells can be more easily removed, with less blood loss, less discomfort and less risk.
6. According to German researchers, the risk of heart attack is higher on Monday than any other day of the week.
7. By age sixty, most people have lost half of their taste buds (точка).
8. The body’s largest internal organ is the small intestine at an average length of 20 feet.
9. A person will die from total lack of sleep sooner than from starvation. Death will occur about 10 days without sleep, while starvation takes a few weeks.
10. There are 45 miles of nerves in the skin of a human being.
11. Gastric cancer can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs.
12. Skin is thickest on palms and soles and thinnest on lips and eyelids.
13. There are 60,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body.
14. About 10,000,000 people have the same birthday as you.
15. One must not forget about patient needs.
Ex.50. Name the parts of the human body.
Picture 5.
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