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Number of experiments | Confidence probability | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 0,95 | 0,98 | 0,99 | 0,999 | |
Values Student’s coefficients | |||||||||||||||
0,16 | 0,33 | 0,51 | 0,73 | 1,38 | 2,0 | 3,1 | 6,3 | 12,7 | 31,8 | 63,7 | 636,6 | ||||
0,14 | 0,29 | 0,45 | 0,62 | 0,82 | 1,06 | 1,3 | 1,9 | 2,9 | 4,3 | 9,9 | 31,6 | ||||
0,14 | 0,28 | 0,42 | 0,52 | 0,77 | 0,98 | 1,3 | 1,6 | 2,4 | 3,2 | 4,5 | 5,8 | 12,9 | |||
0,13 | 0,27 | 0,41 | 0,57 | 0,74 | 0,94 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 2,1 | 2,8 | 3,7 | 4,6 | 8,6 | |||
0,13 | 0,27 | 0,41 | 0,56 | 0,73 | 0,92 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 2,6 | 3,4 | 4,0 | 6,9 | |||
0,13 | 0,27 | 0,4 | 0,55 | 0,72 | 0,9 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,9 | 2,4 | 3,1 | 3,7 | 6,0 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,55 | 0,71 | 0,9 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,9 | 2,4 | 3,0 | 3,5 | 5,4 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,54 | 0,71 | 0,9 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,3 | 2,9 | 3,4 | 5,0 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,54 | 0,7 | 0,88 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,3 | 2,8 | 3,3 | 4,8 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,54 | 0,7 | 0,88 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,2 | 2,8 | 3,2 | 4,6 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,54 | 0,7 | 0,87 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,2 | 2,7 | 3,1 | 4,5 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,4 | 0,54 | 0,7 | 0,87 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,2 | 2,7 | 3,1 | 4,3 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,39 | 0,54 | 0,69 | 0,87 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,2 | 2,7 | 3,0 | 4,2 | |||
0,13 | 0,26 | 0,39 | 0,54 | 0,69 | 0,87 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 2,1 | 2,6 | 3,0 | 4,1 | |||
0,13 | 0,39 | 0,53 | 0,68 | 0,85 | 1,0 | 1,3 | 1,7 | 2,0 | 2,4 | 2,6 | 3,4 | ||||
PROCEDURE
1. Flip the coins (not less than 20) and count the number of dropped arms. Repeat 50 times. The counts recorded in the Table # 2.
Table # 2
The number of dropped arms
№ | xi | D xi | D xi2 | № | xi | D xi | D xi2 | № | xi | D xi | D xi2 |
. . . | . . . . | . . . . |
2. Calculate the arithmetic mean value <х> of all results.
3. Calculate the deviation of individual measurements Dхi and their squares Dхi2, to make them in the same table.
4. Calculate the mean square error of the individual measurement result by the formula (3). Calculated by the formula (10) the mean square error of the arithmetic mean.
5. Define хmin and хmax,, divide this period into intervals and number them.
6. Determine to which interval refers individual measurement.
7. Sum the number of measurements (ni), falling in each interval, write these numbers in Table 3.
8. Construct a histogram.
9. Construct the reduced histogram.
10. Calculate the value of the probability density function for values , where j- number the interval i.e. to the middle of each interval, and write these values in the last table.
Table # 3
The data for the histogram and the Gaussian curve
Number of interval (j): j=1…k | ni | e-x | f(x) | |||
… |
11. Construct a Gaussian curve on the graph where you construct a reduced histogram.
12. Calculate the confidence interval for a given instructor reliability and record the final result according to formula (12). By formula (13) calculate the relative error of the experiment.
Control questions
1. Classification of errors. Reasons of occurring of errors.
2. What’s arithmetic mean value? When does the value <x> tend to the true value x0?
3. Define absolute and relative errors.
4. Give a definition to “standard deviation”.
5. What’s histogram?Reduced histogram?
6. Define Gaussian curve. What are the properties of normal distribution of random errors?
7. What defines confidence coefficient?
8. What’s Student coefficient?
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Methods of processing the results of direct measurements containing random errors. | | | Теоретичні відомості |