Читайте также:
|
|
TASK 15. Complete the sentences using an infinitive or a gerund as objects.
1. They delayed taking the decision until they had read the report.
2. He refused to return the book back to the shop.
3. We'd rather not go with you. We'll stay at home.
4. It's not worth inviting John to the party. He won't come.
5. I'm really looking forward to going to the theatre on Saturday.
6. It was kind of Mark to see you home after the party.
7. They were very happy to hear the good news.
8. You had better hurry or you'll miss the train.
9. She spends most of her spare time playing the piano.
10. Patrick tried to avoid answering my question.
11. Do you really enjoy listening to this music?
12. I considered applying for the job but in the end I decided against it.
13. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk being knocked down.
14. Jim is 65 but he isn't going to retire yet. He wants to carry on working.
15. I don't mind your using the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
16. Hello! Fancy seein g you here! What a surprise!
17. I've put off writing the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
18. The professor recommends using mnemonics as an aid to memory.
19. Actors say there is no easy way to learn / of learning their lines.
20. Please don't hesitate to call me if you need any help.
21. I'm looking forward to hearing from you in due course.
22. I haven't managed to find a jacket to match my new pair of trousers.
23. Do you dare (to) ask the visiting expert such an impertinent question?
24. Being an actor means learning long texts by heart in a short time.
25. All the way Ted went on complaining that he was not used to travelling in such terrible conditions.
TASK 16. Fill in correct prepositions where necessary. Answer the questions about yourself. Begin each phrase with one of the following openings:
1 – at; 2 – to; 3 – of; 4 – in; 5 – at; 6 – of; 7 – on; 8 – with; 9 – of; 10 – in; 11 – to; 12 – of; 13 – in; 14 – of; 15 - of
TASK 18. Paraphrase the sentences given below using the necessary form of the gerund. Sometimes you will have to change the notional verb.
1. She admitted that she was wrong. = being wrong
2. The boy confessed that he had lost the money. = having lost the money
3. They suggested that we should take an early train. = suggested taking
4. They finally acknowledged that they had received the letter. = having received
5. I decided that I would stay at home. = on staying/ to stay
6. He denied that he had taken part in the performance. = having taken part
7. He confessed that he had seen her somewhere. = having seen
8. He recommended that I should buy a fur coat. = buying
9. I hate it when someone is giggling behind my back. = being giggled at
10. You must forgive that they intruded on you in this way. = their intruding on you
11. Mum hates it when we eat and drink between meals. = hates our eating
12. Dina dislikes when he behaves like that. = him/his behaving like this
13. I don't like that you come late every evening. = your coming late
14. Jill couldn’t excuse the fact that Don was rude to her sister. = Jill couldn’t excuseDon’s being rude to her sister.
15. I can’t bear that he talks to her in that way. = I can't bear his talking to her in that way.
16. Philip doesn't mind if we come to see him. = our coming to see him
17. Len laughed at my attempt to eat with chopsticks. = my attempt at eatingwith chopsticks
18. Our friends were not happy that we had to leave so soon. = with our having to leave so soon
TASK 19. Distinguish between gerund and infinitive forms. Sort out the sentences into the table below. Define the form of the verbal. The first two are done for you.
Infinitive | 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 |
Gerund | 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 |
1. My faithful dog appeared to be listening to every word I was saying. (inf - NPCA)
2. I know your dislike of being woken up early but it’s nine already. (ger - NPP)
3. The head of their firm couldn’t see any possibility for this project to be carried out by our company. (inf - NPA + NPP)
4. Alice didn’t seem to have heardme. (inf - PA)
5. Michael felt better for having written the letter. (ger - PA)
6. His giving up the business on his father’s death offended all the family. (ger - NPA)
7. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble yesterday. (inf - PA)
8. I am angry with you for having put me into this awkward position. (ger - PA)
9. This offer is too tempting to be resisted. (inf - NPP)
10. Raymond didn’t like (inf - NPA) being called Ray. (ger - NPP)
11. Only then did I remember having met him in Africa. (ger - PA)
TASK 20. Make up sentences with the words given in brackets so that they mean the same as the first or the second remark of the dialogues. Follow the example.
Example. Mark: What shall we do? – Sheila: We could go to the cinema. (to suggest) = Sheila suggested going to the cinema.
1. Dick: Do you want to play tennis? – Sue: No, not really. (to fancy) = Sue didn’t fancy playing tennis.
2. Moira: You are driving too fast. – Bella: Yes, that’s true. Sorry. (to admit) = Bella admitted driving too fast.
3. Jack: Why don’t we go for a swim? – Lily: Good idea! (to offer) = Jack offered to go for a swim.
4. Policeman: You broke into the shop this morning. – Ted: No, I didn’t. (to deny) = Ted denied breaking into the shop that morning.
5. Secretary: Can you wait a few minutes? – Derek: Sure, no problem. (to mind) = Derek didn’t mind waiting.
6. Steve: I can do what I want and you can't stop me. – Len: But I can. (to make) = Len could make Steve stop doing what he wanted.
7. Fiona: It's not a good idea to travel during the rush hour, is it?. – Rachel: You’d better avoid it. (to recommend) = Rachel recommended Fiona to avoid travelling during the rush hour. / Rachel recommended avoiding travelling during the rush hour.
8. Tom: Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? – Trish: We can certainly put it off till tomorrow. (to agree) = Trish agreed to put their departure off till tomorrow.
9. Policeman: You don’t even have a licence! – Brian: Sorry, officer. (admit) = Brian admitted not having a licence.
10. Paul: Could you turn the radio down, please? – Diana: Certainly. (to mind) = Diana didn’t mind turning the radio down.
TASK 21. Fill in prepositions or conjunctions in the sentences below.
1. Our neighbour apologised for making so much noise while repairing his roof.
2. I feel lazy. I don't feel like doing any work.
3. I wanted to go out alone but Joe insisted on coming with me.
4. I'm fed up with my job. I'm thinking of/about looking for something else.
5. We have decided against buying a new car because we can't really afford it.
6. I hope you write to me soon. I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
7. The weather was extremely bad and this prevented us from going out.
8. The man who has been arrested is suspected of producing a false passport.
9. I think you should apologise to Sue for being so rude to her.
10. Some parents don't approve of their children watching a lot of television.
11. I'm sorry I can't come to your party but thank you very much for inviting me.
12. Do you feel like going out this evening?
13. It took us a long time but we finally succeeded in solving the problem.
14. I've always dreamed of living in a small house by the sea.
15. The driver of the other car accused me of causing the accident.
16. There was a fence around the lawn to prevent people from walking on the grass.
17. Forgive me for interrupting you but may I ask you something?
18. Where are you thinking of spending your holiday this year?
19. The guards weren't able to prevent the prisoner from escaping.
20. I wanted to cook the meal by myself but Dave insisted on helping me.
21. I'm sorry we've had to cancel our game of tennis tomorrow. I was really looking forward to playing with you.
22. George thanked me for helping him to do his homework.
23. Tom insisted on driving me to the station.
24. Jim congratulated me on my passing the exam.
25. I warned Mr. Bond against staying in the hotel near the airport.
26. Mary apologised for not having phoned me earlier.
27. Jane accused her sister of being selfish.
28. My mother disapproves of gambling.
29. Nobody suspected the man of being a spy.
30. The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.
1 - for; 2 – like; 3 – on; 4 – of/about; 5 – on; 6 – to; 7 – from; 8 – of; 9 – for; 10 – of; 11 – for; 12 – like; 13 – in; 14 – of; 15 – of; 16 – from; 17 – for; 18 – of; 19 – from; 20 – on; 21 – to; 22 – for; 23 – on; 24 – on; 25 – against; 26 – for; 27 – of; 28 – of; 29 – of; 30 - from
TASK 22. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive or gerund form.
1. Sue has decided to apply for a new job. Her mother advised her to write to several different companies. But Sue prefers towork/working for a large company where she can meet new people.
2. Carol is too ill to go to work today. She has managed to drink some tea and now she wants to sleep. Her husband offered tocall the doctor, but Carol would prefer to wait and see if she will feel better tomorrow.
3. Daniel decided to get his teacher a present, but he doesn't know what to choose. He is thinking of buying her a book because he knows that she enjoys reading. His sister will help him to pick a good one.
4. I dislike shopping because I can't stand being in crowded places. If I have to go into town, I avoid visiting shops where there are a lot of people.
5. Joan can't afford to go on holiday this year, but she intends to save up so that she can manage to travel around Europe next summer. She is looking forward to visiting a lot of exciting places.
6. Countries all over the world have superstitions which some people believe and others don't. Several superstitions are the same in many countries. For example, many people avoid walking under ladders, as this is believed to bring bad luck. Some people expect things to go wrong on the thirteenth day of the month, particularly if it's a Friday. Some say you must never put up an umbrella inside the house or place a pair of new shoes on the table. In many places, it is considered unlucky to see a black cat, while in others this is thought to be a symbol of good luck. To break/Breraking a mirror results in seven years of bad luck and if you are careless enough to spill salt, you must throw a pinch of it over your left shoulder immediately. These are just a few superstitions which some people believe in. Do you know any more?
TASK 23. Fill in the gaps with either infinitive or gerund. Be careful with the expressions
used to + … or to be/to get used to + ….
1. Jane is American. She came to Britain and at first she found driving on the left difficult. In her home country she used to drive on the right. She was not used to driving on the left, but soon she got used to looking first to the right and then to the left. Now she has no problems. She is used to driving on the left and has no problems.
2. When Philip was sent to work in Singapore, it took him a long time to learn to survive in that climate. At first he even worked at night and really hated it, but now he is used to staying up late and doesn't mind it.
3. Juan is Spanish and came to live in England. In Spain he used to have dinner late in the evening, but in England dinner was at 7 o'clock. This was very difficult for him as he wasn’t used to eating so early in the evening. It took him some weeks to get used to having dinner ‘in the afternoon’ as he says. Now he finds it quite normal.
4. Julia is a nurse now. A year ago she was a student in a medical school and used to study during the day and to sleep at night. Now she has to work nights. At first she found it hard and didn't like it. She used to fall asleep during her night shifts. It took her a few months to get used to staying awake at night. Now, after a year, she's quite happy. She is used to working at night and sleeping during the day.
5. Len lives alone. He doesn't mind living alone because he has always lived alone and got used to taking care of himself. When he was a child and his big family lived in one room he used to sleep on the floor. When his father got into some money and they moved to a house, it was difficult for Len to get used to sleeping in bed. Now he is used to sleeping in bed but sometimes when it is very hot in summer he prefers to spend/ spending his nights on the floor.
6. Most of his life Jack had lived in Alaska. He was used to living in a rather cold climate. Then his boss transferred him to the Middle East. It was very difficult for him at first because he wasn’t used to living in a hot climate. He is still not used to enduring much heat.
TASK 24. Translate into English using infinitive or gerund in the function of an object.
№ | Russian | English |
В прошлом году я не могла даже мечтать о том, чтобы поехать в Великобританию, а сейчас у меня есть все шансы получить грант на учебу в Манчестерской Школе Бизнеса. | Last year I couldn’t even dream of going to Great Britain and now I have all the chances to get a grant to study in Manchester School of Business. | |
Я не могла не рассмеяться при виде его лица. Я никогда раньше не видела самоуверенного Питера таким глупым и растерянным. | I couldn’t help laughing at the sight of his face / seeing his face. I had never seen the conceited Peter to be so silly and confused. | |
Я предлагаю сначала обратиться с этим вопросом к заведующему нашей кафедрой, а тогда если он не сможет помочь нам, пойти к декану факультета. | I suggest first turning with this question to the head of our chair and then if he can’t help us, going to the dean of the department. | |
Белла очень устала сидеть дома одна и общаться только с героями своего романа, и поэтому она решила провести выходные в шумной компании своих университетских друзей. | Bella was very tired of sitting at home alone and communicating only with the heroes of her novel and that is why she decided to spend her weekend in the noisy company of her university friends. | |
Кто вам сказал, что у этого мальчика способности к изучению языков? Результаты его теста на способность к изучению языков самые плохие в группе. Посоветуйте ему выбрать какую-нибудь другую специальность. | Who has told you that this boy is capable of learning languages? The results of his aptitude test are the worst in the group. Advise him to choose some other speciality. | |
Спасибо, что позвонили моей маме. Если бы она не знала, что у нас просто спустила шина, она бы начала беспокоиться и обзванивать все городские больницы. | Thanks for calling my mum. If she hadn’t known that we only had a flat tyre, she would have started worrying and calling round all the city hospitals. | |
Мария всячески избегала встреч с Филиппом, хотя это было очень сложно сделать, учась в одном университете. | Maria took great pains to avoid meeting Philip though it was difficult while studying at the same university. | |
Вы думаете, стоит купить это искусственное меховое пальто? – Думаю, да. Оно не только теплое, но и выглядит абсолютно, как настоящий мех. | Do you think it is worth buying this artificial fur-coat? – I think so. It’s not only warm but it looks like genuine fur. | |
Стюарт был очень огорчен, что не застал Пэт дома. Он ненавидел приходить в пустой дом, когда там не было ни его жены, ни детей. Дом казался ему тогда пустым и даже страшным. | Stuart was very much upset at not finding / not to find Pat at home. He hated coming to the empty house when there was neither his wife nor his children at home. Then the house seemed to him to be empty and even scary. | |
Не забудьте принять эти таблетки. – Спасибо за напоминание, но я точно помню, что я их уже принимала. | Don’t forget to take these pills. Thanks for reminding me of it, but I certainly remember taking them. | |
Когда дети вернулись из школы, миссис Торндайк была занята приготовлением обеда, и не заметила, что близнецы были чем-то очень расстроены. | When the children came from school, Mrs. Thorndyke was busy cooking dinner and didn’t notice that the twins were upset about something. | |
Вы не возражаете, если я переключу телевизор на другой канал? Мне не нравится эта программа. И я знаю, что сейчас на канале «Дискавери» показывают очень интересный фильм о доисторических животных. Как насчет того, чтобы посмотреть его? | Do you mind my switching TV over to another channel? I don’t like this program. And I know that a very interesting film about pre-historic animals is on (being shown on) the channel ‘Discovery’ now. How about watching it? | |
Тед отрицал, что взял деньги из портфеля своего соседа по парте. Он настаивал на том, что деньги могли выпасть их портфеля, когда они дрались на перемене. Но классный руководитель отказывался ему верить, так как это был не первый случай воровства в классе. | Ted denied taking any money out of his desk-mate’s bag. He insisted on the money having fallen (that the money could have fallen) out of the bag when they were fighting during the break. But the class master/teacher refused to believe him as it was not the first case of theft/stealing in the class. | |
Извините, что я не позвонил вам вчера, как обещал. Надеюсь, вы на меня не сердитесь. Я с нетерпением жду нашей сегодняшней встречи. | Sorry for not calling you yesterday as I promised. I hope you are not angry with me. I am looking forward to our today’s meeting. | |
Стив обвинил Марту в том, что она была легкомысленной. Он настаивал на том, чтобы она поступила в университет и прекратила бегать на бесконечные вечеринки и часами болтать по телефону с подругами | Steve accused Martha of being light-minded. He insisted on her going to university and that she should stop dashing to endless parties and chatting (hanging on the phone) with her friends on the phone. | |
Я был против того, чтобы Пол вел машину так быстро. Дорога была очень скользкой, видимость из-за тумана была плохой, и наша поездка с каждой минутой становилась все более и более опасной. | I was against Paul’s driving so fast. The road was very slippery and the visibility was very bad because of the fog and our journey was getting more and more dangerous with every minute. | |
Не упустите возможность услышать этого пианиста. Он, говорят, настоящий гений. Его считают самым выдающимся пианистом современности. - Жаль, что я не смогу пойти с вами. Я буду занят подготовкой годового отчета, и я не могу отложить эту работу на завтра. | Don’t miss your chance to listen/of listening to this pianist. He is said to be a real genius. He is considered to be the most prominent pianist of our day. – I wish I could go. But I will be busy preparing an annual report and I can’t put the work off till tomorrow. | |
Почему Ванда не надевает то красивое платье, которое она купила в прошлом году в Париже? – Она говорит, что боится его надевать, потому что оно слишком яркое. Ты же ее знаешь, она чувствует себя не в своей тарелке, когда на нее все смотрят. | Why doesn’t Vanda wear the beautiful dress (that) she bought in Paris last year? – She says she is afraid of putting it on as it is too bright. You know she feels ill at ease when everyone is looking at her. | |
Мой младший брат очень не любит, когда ему напоминают, что пора делать уроки. Он делает все возможное, чтобы оттянуть момент, когда ему надо будет садиться за письменный стол и открывать свои тетради. | My younger brother doesn’t like being reminded that it’s time to do his homework. He does everything possible to draw the moment when he will have to sit down to his desk and open his notebooks. | |
Не стоит давать Фреду советы, даже если вы уверены, что они разумны. Он все равно не будет им следовать. Он очень гордится тем, что никогда не следует ничьим советам. | It is not worth giving Fred any advice even if you are sure that it is reasonable. He will not follow it all the same. He is very proud of not following anyone’s advice. | |
Ты знаешь, в чем твои слабые и сильные стороны? – Я уверен, что у меня хорошо получается генерировать идеи, но я не всегда могу хорошо работать в команде. Я скорее предпочту сделать всю работу сам, чем просить кого-то о помощи. | Do you know where your advantages and disadvantages are? – I’m sure I’m good at generating ideas, but I can’t always work well in a team. I’d rather work myself than ask anyone for help. | |
Я рекомендую тебе перестать хвастаться. Все знают, что ты довольно способный человек, но я отказываюсь верить, что ты получил высший балл за TOEFL. | I recommend you to stop boasting. Everyone knows that you are rather a capable person but I refuse to believe that you’ve got the highest point for TOEFL. |
REVISION OF GERUND AND INFINITIVE
TASK 25. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold so that the second sentence had a similar meaning to the first sentence. Follow the example.
Example. I think it's difficult to raise children nowadays.
raising I think raising children is difficult nowadays.
1. It's too dark to see anything in here.
bright It isn't bright enough to see anything in here.
2. She made him accept full responsibility for the accident.
was He was made to accept full responsibility for the accident.
3. Could you post this letter for me, please?
mind Would you mind posting this letter for me, please?
4. She was amused by the story and burst out laughing.
found She found the story amusing and burst out laughing.
5. He had difficulty finding her house.
difficult It was difficult for him to find her house.
6. They let me watch the rehearsal.
allowed I was allowed to watch the rehearsal.
7. The party was so boring that we didn't enjoy ourselves.
too The party was too boring for us to enjoy ourselves.
8. Someone saw Ben throw an envelope in the rubbish bin.
was Ben was seen to throw an envelope in the rubbish bin.
9. Using the office photocopier is not allowed.
allow They don’t allow using the office photocopier.
10. Could you give me a lift to the office, please?
mind Would you mind giving me a lift to the office, please?
11. I think it's interesting to learn about other cultures.
learning I think learning about other cultures is interesting.
12. They let Edward go out with his friends fast night.
allowed Edward was allowed to go out with his friends last night.
13. They heard Fiona quarrelling with her brother last night.
was Fiona was heardquarrelling with her brother last night.
14. Henry was made to help with the cleaning.
made Wemade Henryhelp us with the cleaning.
TASK 26. Spot and correct mistakes. There is one correct sentence. Which?
1. You would better see your doctor. – You had better …
2. They made me to reveal the plans. - They made me reveal the plans.
3. He stopped eating fried food as it gave him indigestion. – correct
4. Did you remember buying some bread? I asked you to do it in the morning. - Did you remember to buy some bread?
5. Would you mind to give me a lift? - Would you mind giving me a lift?
6. I had rather stay in bed today. I don’t feel well. - I would rather stay in bed today.
7. Mum has stopped to drink fizzy drinks. She is on a diet. - Mum has stopped drinking fizzy drinks.
8. This bag is too expensive for me to buy it. - This bag is too expensive for me to buy.
9. To smoke it is dangerous for your health. - To smoke is dangerous for your health.
10. Would you mind me to open the window? - Would you mind my opening the window?
11. I'd love eating a pizza tonight. - I'd love to eat a pizza tonight.
12. I stopped at the bakery buying some bread. - I stopped at the bakery to buy some bread.
13. They made me to pay for the broken window. - They made me pay for the broken window.
14. I heard the Taylors to argue. - I heard the Taylors argue/ arguing.
15. I'd better to ask someone for help. - I'd better ask someone for help.
16. I forgot calling you last night. I'm sorry. - I forgot to call you last night.
TASK 27. Choose the correct grammar form.
1. I never imagined the mountains to be / being so high!
2. Don't forget to wake me/ waking me before you leave.
3. What do you mean to do / doing about the leaky pipes?
4. I regret to tell you/ telling you that we cannot accept your offer.
5. Did you manage to find / finding the book you were looking for?
6. I tried taking/ to take that medicine you gave me but I couldn't swallow it. (I did my best…)
7. We have postponed to tell/ telling anyone the news until after Christmas.
8. Have you considered to buy/ buying a microwave oven?
9. Sorry I'm late, I had to stop to pick up /picking up the children from school.
10. Margaret was slow at school, but she went on to be / being Prime Minister.
11. I want you to try / trying much harder.
12. I’m looking forward to see/ to seeing you again.
13. Please let me go / going/ to go by myself.
14. Do you really expect me to believe / believing you?
15. It’s much too late for going/ to go / going out now.
16. It’s no use telling/ to tell me your troubles.
17. Do you enjoy to make/ making people laugh?
18. Do you mind me to close/ my closing the window?
19. I hope you didn’t forget to post / posting my letter.
TASK 28. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. Try to use gerunds or infinitives.
Example. I was made to study hard when I was at school. = They made me study hard when I was at school.
Suggested answers
1. If I take the job I'll have to move to Paris. - Taking the job means / involves moving to Paris.
2. It's very kind of you to give me a lift. - I appreciate your giving me a lift.
3. It might be a good idea to use honey instead of sugar. - Why don't you try using honey instead of sugar?
4. I'm quite happy to look after the baby for you. - I don't mind looking after the baby for you.
5. I must see the manager! - I demand to see the manager.
6. 'Go on Jack, apply for the job,' said Sally. - Sally encouraged Jack to apply for the job.
7. You wouldn't know where the Hilton Hotel is, would you? - Do you happen to know where the Hilton Hotel is?
8. Parking is not permitted here. - You are not allowed (permitted) to park here. / They forbid parking here. / You are forbidden to park here.
9. 'Shall I carry that bag for you, John?' said Pauline. - Pauline offered to carry / suggested carrying John’s bag.
10. Is that the manager? I have a complaint about my room. - Is that the manager? I wish to complain about my room.
11. You’ll waste time if you copy your work out again. - Don't waste time on copying your work out again.
12. I bet you wouldn't ask David to come with you to the party! - I dare say you wouldn't ask David to come with you to the party!
13. Brenda really hates staying in expensive hotels. - Brenda can't stand staying in expensive hotels.
14. 'Please don't leave me on my own,' Martin begged us. - Martin begged us not to leave him on his own.
15. If you work for this company, you have to travel a lot. - Working for this company involves much traveling.
16. Joe doesn't like it when people treat him like a child. - Joe resents being treated like a child.
17. You should go to the dentist's at once. - Don't put off going to the dentist.
18. It was resolved that the matter would be brought up at the next meeting. - They resolved bringing the matter up at the next meeting.
19. The police were told that the use of unnecessary force was forbidden. - The police were instructed against using unnecessary force./ They instructed the police not to use …
TASK 29. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct gerund or infinitive form.
It all began about three years ago. A friend suggested entering a photo competition – for fun. At the time, I wasn’t interested in becoming a photographic model – I wanted to train as a hairdresser. Well, I won the competition and did a course in modeling. It was great fun, we learnt a lot more than just walking up and down and putting on make up. Then I got my first job, as a model in a small London fashion house. After that, I did some television commercials. By this time I found that my job had changed my life. I had to give up smokingand eating my favourite foods. I couldn’t risk catching a cold. I had to stop going to bed late, this was difficult, because I was fond of going to parties and I wasn’t used to gettingup early. I sometimes hated standing in front of cameras for hours. But now I’m used to it. I enjoy travelling and meeting interesting people, and I must admit I like wearing expensive clothes.
TASK 30. Explain the differences in meaning in the following pairs of sentences.
To regret
a) I regret to say that we have decided not to offer you the job. (present reference)
b) I regret saying that I don’t like your new boyfriend. (past reference)
To try
a) I’ve tried to open the bonnet, but it seems to be stuck. (attempt)
b) Have you tried cleaning the spark plugs? (experimenting)
To remember
a) He remembered seeing Jane on the way back from work. (action done in the past)
b) She remembered to send her mother a birthday card. (intention)
To go on
a) The professor mentioned Boticelli, and went on to talk about the Reneissance. (change of activity)
b) He went on talking about himself for hours and hours. (the same activity)
To forget
a) I’ll never forget seeing the Taj Mahal for the first time. (action done in the past)
b) She was angry with him for forgettingto lock the back door. (adj + preposition)
To stop
a) I think we ought to stop to have something to eat soon. (change of activity)
b) They stopped going out in the evening when they had their first child. (give up)
To dread
a) I dread to think what he is going to say when he sees what you’ve done to the car. (concrete situation)
b) She dreaded seeing her ex-husband even accidentally. (fobia)
a) Your business is a complete shambles – the whole thing needs reorganizing. (passive meaning)
b) I need to have a word in your ear. It’s about your trip to Italy next week. (active meaning)
a) I meant to write him a letter of condolence [kqn'dqVlqns], but I never got round to it. (intention)
b) If you do join the Navy, it’ll mean being away from home for months on end. (involve)
a) Everyone helped (to) make the village look its best for the Prime Minister’s visit. (general use)
b) I can’t help feeling that you are making a terrible mistake. (can’t help + gerund)
TASK 31. Read the sentences and choose the right answer.
1. John has stopped to talk to Mary. Is he talking to her at the moment?
YES NO NOT CLEAR
2. John has stopped talking to her at the moment. Is he talking to her at the moment? YES NO NOT CLEAR
3. Do you remember putting this cake in the washing machine? Is there a cake in the washing machine? YES NO NOT CLEAR
4. Did you remember to put the cake in the washing machine? Is there a cake in the washing machine? YES NO NOT CLEAR
5. “I’ve got hiccups”. - “Try holding your breath”. Does “try” mean “see if you can do it” here? YES NO NOT CLEAR
6. How long can you hold your breath? Try to hold it for two minutes. Does “try” mean “see if you can do it” here? YES NO NOT CLEAR
TASK 32. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs into either the infinitive or the gerund form. Add prepositions if necessary.
1. I’ve always regretted not having learnt to play the piano at school.
2. He became an MP in 1983 and went on to become Prime Minister three years later.
3. I dread to think what he’s going to say when he finds out I’ve crashed the car.
4. It’s a very beautiful cottage, but it needs modernizing/ to be modernized.
5. The house is a wreck; if you buy it, it’ll mean living in chaos for months.
6. I’m sure a good holiday will help to make you feel more relaxed.
7. I didn’t mean to cause you so much trouble.
8. This new job of mine means putting up with inconvenient hours of work at first.
9. Did you remember to thank your aunt for the present?
10. She has always regretted not having travelled round the world when she was younger. Now I regret to tell you that she is too ill to travel.
11. I’m sorry. I forgot to post the letter. – What a shame, I remember asking you to do it.
12. I'm really serious about buying this house. The question is if I can afford to buy it.
13. I'm ashamed I forgot to tell you that he's not capable of taking responsibility.
14. They are very anxious to please, but I am afraid I don’t feel qualified to say that their proposals are not worth considering.
15. My boss omitted to tell me that even though I finished typing/to type all his post, I still wouldn’t be allowed to leave before 5 o’clock.
16. My father needs to take our car to the garage because its brakes need adjusting/to be adjusted.
17. Jack wouldn’t even consider allowing us to pay for ourselves.
18. I really resented his saying that to me and I can’t forgive him for treating me like that.
19. I have succeeded in getting in touch with Mr. Philips and asked him to contact you.
20. You’d better tell the headmaster the truth before he forbids all of us to go to the camp.
TASK 33. Rewrite each sentence so that it included the word in capitals without changing the meaning. Follow the example.
Example: I'm sorry I didn't go to university. REGRET
I regret not going/not having gone to university.
1. Winning the football pools meant we could buy a new car. ENABLED
Winning the football pools enabled us to buy a new car.
2. There is a risk that he will miss the plane if he waits. RISKS
He risks missing the plane.
3. I believed you were the murderer because of this clue. LED
The clue led me to believe that you were the murderer.
4. Does using the hotel swimming pool cost extra? PAYING
Does using the hotel swimming pool mean paying extra?
5. I think that this is the right street. APPEARS
It appears to be the right street.
6. Jean succeeded in finishing all her work on time. MANAGED
Jean managed to finish all her work on time.
7. They said they would like me to stay with them in Florida. INVITED
They invited me to stay with them in Florida.
8. Calling Jim is pointless, because his phone is out of order. USE
It’s no use calling Jim, because his phone is out of order
9. It is compulsory for all students to leave cash deposit. REQUIRED
All students are required to leave cash deposit.
TASK 34. Use the right form of the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs in brackets. Add prepositions if necessary.
1. I no longer feel in the least like bungee jumping. It’s not my cup of tea.
2. Sheila wanted to know the truth and nothing could stop her from knowing it.
3. You’ll have to wait for ages for another driving test if you fail to pass it this time.
4. The people in the flat below have refused to join the Residents’ Association.
5. Katy doesn’t really enjoy singing in public.
6. Jill thinks we should phone our boss now, but John suggests phoning later.
7. I don’t want to join the Townsends on holiday, I can’t afford spending/ to spend my money the way they do.
8. Imagine his telling the chef how to cook an omelette!
9. I’d like to watch you cook/ cooking. It’s such a rare sight!
10. I couldn't resist going to see that new exhibition at the National Gallery.
11. Please forgive my mentioning it, but I think you're sitting on my hat.
12. I refuse to accept the idea of selling that painting, it's been in my family for generations.
13. I've heard that Tom intends to invest in 1980s furniture which is becoming very collectable.
14. I was completely taken aback to learn/ having learnt/on learning that my old vase was quite valuable.
15. Do you think it's worth traveling all the way to Paris to see the Cezanne exhibition?
16. What the designer omitted to mention was the price she wants for the commission.
17. I have arranged for you to borrow that art book rather than have the expense of buying it.
18. Would you mind tidying up your room a bit before you go out, please?
19. I can't face listening to another hour of this concert, I'm going home!
20. I can't be bothered with catching the bus, let's take a taxi.
21. Should you happen to see Phil, could you tell him I'm looking for him?
22. I'm inclined to agree with my father, who has no time for Picasso.
23. I resent your suggesting that my work is not original.
24. Does Molly envisage visiting the Prado while she's in Madrid?
25. Like many other artists, Joshua cannot tolerate being criticized
26. Is Gail counting on getting a grant when she goes to art school?
27. Jason often pretends to be unemployed, but actually he's a graphic designer.
28. Don't attempt to take that picture out of its frame, you might damage it.
29. Alison generally appreciates being told when her work is not up to standard.
TASK 35. Choose the correct form of the verbs.
It is sometimes said that there is nothing new in the world of fashion. Annabelle was a well-known model during the seventies. When her children were in their early teens they wereenjoying/ used to enjoy looking at her old photo albums. They werefinding/ found it hard to believe that she was wearing/ used to wear such strange clothes. Did people really use to think / Were people really thinking flared trousers looked good? And those ugly platform shoes! She was admitting/ admitted that people wereoftenfalling / often used to fall over because the heels were so high. In the early nineties, however, Annabelle noticed to her amazement that seventies styles were / used to be in fashion again. ‘I planned/ was plannin g to throw all my old clothes away’, she said, ‘but my daughter went to a party last week, and guess what she used to wear/ was wearing - that’s right, some of my old clothes!’
TASK 36. Mira has written a composition about her childhood. She knows that she often makes mistakes with verb constructions using the infinitive or gerund and she asked you to check her work before she hands it in.
When I was a child I always wanted to ride a horse although my parents would not allow me to have riding lessons because they said they could not afford to let me have them. Also my mother said it was dangerous and she did not want me to risk breaking my neck. One day, my best friend got some money for her birthday and she offered to pay for a lesson for us both. I thanked her for being so kind and we arranged to have a lesson the following Saturday. I did not consider telling my parents our plans because I thought they would prevent me from having the lesson. I enjoyed riding very much until the horse I was on felt like galloping. Off it went across the field and I did not know how to stop it. Suddenly it decided to stop and I fell off. I broke my arm. Of course, I could not deny having ridden to my parents and my father accused me of being deceitful. It was not a happy day for me and somehow I have never felt like going on a horse again.
TASK 37. Fill in the gaps with either gerund or infinitive.
1. She walked out of the office without saying goodbye.
2. They made her type the letter again.
3. She has gone to the post office to buy some stamps.
4. You're too young to stay at home by yourself.
5. He opened the door only to see that the room was empty.
6. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody being so stupid?
7. Sarah gave up trying to find a job in this country and decided to go /on going abroad.
8. It was so ridiculous that I couldn’t resist laughing outright.
9. The secretary asked if I would mind waiting for a few minutes.
10. The way to learn a foreign language is to practise speaking it as often as possible.
11. Everyone said how much they had enjoyed listening to the speech.
12. When you’ve finished this book you can tell me if it’s worth reading.
13. He was very lucky to escape being sent to prison.
14. She was so upset that she couldn’t help crying.
15. The teacher said he would not tolerate my being late every day.
16. The question is so trivial it hardly justifies our wasting any more time discussing it.
17. I hardly dare ask how much it cost!
18. Have you ever contemplatedtaking a year off work?
19. I didn't like the town at first, but I got usedto loving it eventually.
20. What do you suggestdoing after this course has finished?
21. As soon as Shells finished telling/to tell the joke, everyone burst outlaughing.
22. Jim and I arranged to meet at 6.00 but he didn't turn up.
23. It so happened that we won't need to pay so much after all.
24. I can't wait for Saturday.' I'm really looking forwardto seeing you!
25. I can't facegetting up at 6.30 tomorrow morning! I'll catch a later train.
26. The government decidedto reduce inflation by strict control of the economy.
27. I couldn't actually affordliving in a place like that!
28. The arrested man denied having been anywhere near the bank.
29. Carol begged the customs officer to ignore the gold bars in her bag.
30. Did you notice anyone waiting for me when you passed my office?
31. We agreedto split the cost of all the bills.
32. I was hurryingto get to the station when I fell and injured my knee.
33. We strongly recommend all clients to take out their own travel insurance.
34. I don't rememberturning off the gas, now you mention it.
35. Margaret doesn't really dareto ask staff to work overtime on Friday.
TASK 38. Read the letter below and put the verbs into the correct form.
Dear Ruth,
Thank you very much for the lovely present you sent for Laurie. It was very kind of you. You say in your note that you haven’t got used to being an aunt yet. I used to think that becoming a father wouldn’t change me. I was wrong, of course! Life will never be the same again. We used to go to bed at midnight or later. Now we’re asleep by ten because we’ve had to get used to waking up at five o’clock.
Actually, that’s quite good in a way. I always used to arrive late at the office, but since Laurie was born my secretary has got used to finding me hard at work by the time she gets in!
Mind you, it hasn’t been so easy for Jenny. I think she found it very hard at first, being with the baby instead of going to work. She wasn’t used to spending all day without adult company. But she’s got quite friendly with a neighbor who also has a young baby and I think that makes it easier. She used to say she’d go back to work when Laurie was six months old, but now that she’s used to being at home, she’s beginning to enjoy herself, so she may wait until Laurie is a bit older.
Anyway, when do you think you’ll be able to come and see us? Jenny says hurry up while Laurie is still small. We’d love a visitor to show her off to!
All the best,
Dennis.
Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 231 | Нарушение авторских прав
<== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
THE GERUND AS THE ADVERIBIAL MODIFIER | | | Gerund infinitive |