Читайте также:
|
1. They delayed ___________ (to take) the decision until they had read the report.
2. He refused ___________ (to return) the book back to the shop.
3. We'd rather not ___________ (to go) with you. We'll stay at home.
4. It's not worth ___________ (to invite) John to the party. He won't come.
5. I'm really looking forward to ___________ (to go) to the theatre on Saturday.
6. It was kind of Mark ___________ (to see) you home after the party.
7. They were very happy ___________ (to hear) the good news.
8. You had better ___________ (to hurry) or you'll miss the train.
9. She spends most of her spare time ___________ (to play) the piano.
10. Patrick tried to avoid __________ (to answer) my question.
11. Do you really enjoy ___________ (to listen) to this music?
12. I considered __________ (to apply) for the job but in the end I decided against it.
13. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk _________ (to knock) down.
14. Jim is 65 but he isn't going to retire yet. He wants to carry on _________ (to work)
15. I don't mind your _________ (to use) the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
16. Hello! Fancy __________ (to see) you here! What a surprise!
17. I've put off __________ (to write) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
18. The professor recommends __________ (to use) mnemonics as an aid to memory.
19. Actors say there is no easy way __________ (to learn) their lines.
20. Please don't hesitate __________ (to call) me if you need any help.
21. I'm looking forward __________ (to hear) from you in due course.
22. I haven't managed __________ (to find) a jacket to match my new pair of trousers.
23. Do you dare __________ (to ask) the visiting expert such an impertinent question?
24. Being an actor means _________ (to learn) long texts by heart in a short time.
25. All the way Ted went on _______ (to complain) that he was not used _______ (to travel) in such terrible conditions.
TASK 17. Fill in correct prepositions where necessary and answer the questions about yourself. Then tell your partner about these qualities or skills of yours and enlarge on each of your answers. Begin each phrase with one of the following openings:
· I think…
· I believe….
· I am not sure but most of my friends say that…
· I wish I were not …
· If only I could…
· If only I were …
***
1. Are you good ____ organizing people and things?
2. Are you used ____ working hard at your majors?
3. Are you fond ____ solving difficult problems?
4. Are you interested ____ dealing with people?
5. Are you bad ____ working with numbers?
6. Are you tired ____ doing endless grammar exercises?
7. Are you keen ____ doing things your way?
8. Are you bored ____ doing routine work?
9. Are you afraid ____ missing your big chance?
10. Are you weak ____ coping with difficult situations?
11. Are you accustomed ____ refusing people?
12. Are you proud ____ being born in Ukraine?
13. Are you persistent ____ doing your work and studying?
14. Are you capable ____ cheating in a test or exam?
15. Are you sure ____ knowing everything about the use of verbals?
TASK 18. Write a two-page essay about your best friend and compare her/him with yourself using the verbs given below. Choose between infinitive and gerund. Follow the example. The verbs can be used in a different order.
Example: My best friend enjoys socialising with people that is why she often goes to different parties. She always offers me to come with her but I am not a good mixer.
1. to enjoy
2. to offer
3. to risk
4. to practise
5. to encourage
6. to appreciate
7. to refuse
8. to prefer
9. can’t help
10. not to mind
11. to consider
12. can’t resist
13. to avoid
14. can/can’t imagine
15. to hate
16. to often feel like
17. to give up
18. to put off
19. to afford
20. to remember
TASK 19. Paraphrase the sentences given below using the necessary form of the gerund or infinitive. Sometimes you will have to change the notional verb and add prepositions.
1. She admitted that she was wrong.
2. The boy confessed that he had lost the money.
3. They suggested that we should take an early train.
4. They finally acknowledged that they had received the letter.
5. I decided that I would stay at home.
6. He denied that he had taken part in the performance.
7. He confessed that he had seen her somewhere.
8. He recommended that I should buy a fur coat.
9. I hate it when someone is giggling behind my back.
10. You must forgive that they intruded on you in this way.
11. Mum hates it when we eat and drink between meals.
12. Dina dislikes when he behaves like that.
13. I don't like it that you come late every evening.
14. Jill couldn’t excuse the fact that Don was rude to her sister.
15. I can’t bear that Derek talks to his granny in that way.
16. Philip doesn't mind if we come to see him.
17. Len laughed at my attempt to eat with chopsticks.
18. Our friends were not happy that we had to leave so soon.
TASK 20. Sort out gerunds and infinitives in the sentences below into the table. Underline the verbals and define their forms. The first one is done for you.
| Infinitive | 1, |
| Gerund |
1. My faithful dog appeared to be listening to every word I was saying. (infinitive - NPCA)
2. I know your dislike of being woken up early but it’s nine already.
3. The head of their firm couldn’t see any possibility for this project to be carried out by our company.
4. Alice didn’t seem to have heard me.
5. Michael felt better for having written the letter.
6. His giving up the business on his father’s death offended all the family.
7. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble yesterday.
8. I am angry with you for having put me into this awkward position.
9. This offer is too tempting to be resisted.
10. Raymond didn’t like being called Ray.
11. Only then did I remember having met him in Africa.
TASK 21. Make up sentences with the words given in brackets so that they mean the same as the first or the second remark of the dialogues. Follow the example.
Example. Mark: What shall we do? – Sheila: We could go to the cinema. (to suggest) = Sheila suggested going to the cinema.
1. Dick: Do you want to play tennis? – Sue: No, not really. (to fancy)
2. Moira: You are driving too fast. – Bella: Yes, that’s true. Sorry. (to admit)
3. Jack: Why don’t we go for a swim? – Lily: Good idea! (to offer)
4. Policeman: You broke into the shop this morning. – Ted: No, I didn’t. (to deny)
5. Secretary: Can you wait a few minutes? – Derek: Sure, no problem. (to mind)
6. Steve: I can do what I want and you can't stop me. – Len: But I can. (to make)
7. Fiona: It's not a good idea to travel during the rush hour, is it? – Rachel: You’d better avoid it. (to recommend)
8. Tom: Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? – Trish: We can certainly put it off till tomorrow. (to agree)
9. Policeman: You don’t even have a licence! – Brian: Sorry, officer. (admit)
10. Paul: Could you turn the radio down, please? – Diana: Certainly. (to mind)
TASK 22. Fill in prepositions or conjunctions in the sentences below.
1. Our neighbour apologised ____ making so much noise while repairing his roof.
2. I feel lazy. I don't feel ____ doing any work.
3. I wanted to go out alone but Joe insisted ____ coming with me.
4. I'm fed up with my job. I'm thinking ____ looking for something else.
5. We have decided ____ buying a new car because we can't really afford it.
6. I hope you write to me soon. I'm looking forward ____ hearing from you.
7. The weather was extremely bad and this prevented us ____ going out.
8. The man who has been arrested is suspected ____ producing a false passport.
9. I think you should apologise to Sue ____ being so rude to her.
10. Some parents don't approve ____ their children watching a lot of television.
11. I'm sorry I can't come to your party but thank you very much ____ inviting me.
12. Do you feel ____ going out this evening?
13. It took us a long time but we finally succeeded ____ solving the problem.
14. I've always dreamed ____ living in a small house by the sea.
15. The driver of the other car accused me ____ causing the accident.
16. There was a fence around the lawn to prevent people ____ walking on the grass.
17. Forgive me ____ interrupting you but may I ask you something?
18. Where are you thinking ____ spending your holiday this year?
19. The guards weren't able to prevent the prisoner ____ escaping.
20. I wanted to cook the meal by myself but Dave insisted ____ helping me.
21. I'm sorry we've had to cancel our game of tennis tomorrow. I was really looking forward ____ playing with you.
22. George thanked me ____ helping him to do his homework.
23. Tom insisted ____ driving me to the station.
24. Jim congratulated me ____ my passing the exam.
25. I warned Mr. Bond ____ staying in the hotel near the airport.
26. Mary apologised ____ not having phoned me earlier.
27. Jane accused her sister ____ being selfish.
28. My mother disapproves ____ gambling.
29. Nobody suspected the man ____ being a spy.
30. The police stopped everyone ____ leaving the building.
TASK 23. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive or gerund form.
1. Sue has decided ___________ (to apply) for a new job. Her mother advised her __________ (to write) to several different companies. But Sue prefers ___________ (to work) for a large company where she can meet new people.
2. Carol is too ill ___________ (to go) to work today. She has managed ___________(to drink) some tea and now she wants ___________ (to sleep). Her husband offered ___________ (to call) the doctor, but Carol would prefer ___________ (to wait) and ___________ (to see) if she __________ (to feel) better tomorrow.
3. Daniel decided ___________ (to get) his teacher a present, but he doesn't know what ___________ (to choose). He is thinking of ___________ (to buy) her a book because he knows that she enjoys ___________ (read). His sister will help him ___________ (to pick) a good one.
4. I dislike ___________ (to shop) because I can't stand ___________ (to be) in crowded places. If I have to ___________ (to go) into town, I avoid ___________ (to visit) shops where there are a lot of people.
5. Joan can't afford ___________ (to go) on holiday this year, but she intends ___________ (to save) up so that she can manage ___________ (to travel) around Europe next summer. She is looking forward to ___________ (to visit) a lot of exciting places.
6. Countries all over the world have superstitions which some people believe and others don't. Several superstitions are the same in many countries. For example, many people avoid ___________ (to walk) under ladders, as this is believed ___________(to bring) bad luck. Some people expect things ___________ (to go) wrong on the thirteenth day of the month, particularly if it's a Friday. Some say you must never __________ (to put up) an umbrella inside the house or ___________ (to place) a pair of new shoes on the table. In many places, it is considered unlucky ___________ (to see) a black cat, while in others this is thought ___________(to be) a symbol of good luck. ___________ (To break) a mirror results in seven years of bad luck and if you are careless enough ___________ (to spill) salt, you must throw a pinch of it over your left shoulder immediately. These are just a few superstitions which some people believe in. Do you know any more?
TASK 24. Translate into English using gerunds with prepositions.
| № | Ukrainian | Russian |
| Хлопчиків обвинуватили в тому, що вони пограбували магазин, хоча вони цього не робили. | Мальчиков обвинили в том, что они ограбили магазин, хотя они этого не делали. | |
| Я шокований їхньою поведінкою. Вони навіть не вибачилися за те, що спізнилися. | Я шокирован их поведением. Они даже не извинились за то, что опоздали. | |
| Мати не вірить у те, що діти заблудилися в лісі. Вона думає, що їх викрали. | Мать не верит в то, что дети заблудились в лесу. Он думает, что их похитили. | |
| Цього бухгалтера обвинувачують у підробці важливих документів. | Этого бухгалтера обвиняют в подделке важных документов. | |
| Дівчинка поскаржилася на те, що була несправедливо покарана вчителем. | Девочка пожаловалась на то, что была несправедливо наказана учителем. | |
| Професор Стоук, я хотів би поздоровити вас із такою прекрасно вимовленою промовою. | Профессор Стоук, я хотел бы поздравить вас с такой прекрасно произнесенной речью. | |
| Ви знаєте, як вам справитися з тим, щоб наздогнати свою групу? | Вы знаете, как вам справиться с тем, чтобы догнать свою группу? | |
| Змовники вирішили не купувати машину, а украсти одну зі стоянки. | Заговорщики решили не покупать машину, а угнать одну со стоянки. | |
| Успіх може залежати від того, що ви станете більш терплячим і наполегливим. | Успех может зависеть от того, что вы станете более терпеливым и настойчивым. | |
| Дэвид мріє стати знаменитим астрономом і відкривати невідомі планети. | Дэвид мечтаем стать знаменитым астрономом и открывать неизвестные планеты. | |
| Ви відчуваєте бажання вивчати ще одну іноземну мову? | Вы чувствуете желание изучать еще один иностранный язык? | |
| Вам доведеться звикнути працювати багато годин на день. | Вам придется привыкнуть работать много часов в день. | |
| Діти наполягали на тому, щоб їх повели в зоопарк замість парку. | Дети настаивали, чтобы их повели в зоопарк вместо парка. | |
| Я з нетерпінням очікую зустрічі з вашими друзями. | Я с нетерпением ожидаю встречи с вашими друзьями. | |
| Травма ноги може перешкодити Стивену грати в завтрашньому матчі. | Травма ноги может помешать Стивену играть в завтрашнем матче. | |
| На твоєму місці, я б не покладався на виграш у казино, щоб виплатити всі борги. | На твоем месте, я бы не полагался на выигрыш в казино, чтобы выплатить все долги. | |
| Терезі вдалося переконати журналіста не публікувати цю інформацію, поки вона не буде підтверджена. | Терезе удалось убедить журналиста не публиковать эту информацию, пока она не будет подтверждена. | |
| Ця фірма спеціалізується в дизайні вебсайтів. | Эта фирма специализируется в дизайне вебсайтов. | |
| Матчінсони часто говорять про переїзд у Нову Зеландію. | Матчинсоны часто поговаривают о переезде в Новую Зеландию. | |
| Фрэнк замислюється над тим, щоб грати в наступному матчі, хоча його стан ще не дуже добрий. | Фрэнк подумывает о том, чтобы играть в следующем матче, хотя его состояние еще не очень хорошее. | |
| Наш фінансовий консультант попередив нас проти використання цього банку. | Наш финансовый консультант предупредил нас против использования этого банка. | |
| Пацієнт хвилюється про те, що в нього можуть бути ускладнення після операції. | Пациент беспокоится о том, что у него могут быть осложнения после операции. | |
| Моя мама дуже сильно заперечує проти того, щоб ми грали в комп'ютерні ігри весь вільний час. | Моя мама очень сильно возражает против того, чтобы мы играли в компьютерные игры все свободное время. | |
| Лора думала, що вона ніколи не пробачити простити Саймону те, що він утаїв від неї цю інформацію. | Лора думала, что она никогда не сможет простить Саймону то, что он утаил от нее эту информацию. | |
| Спочатку матроси заперечували проти того, що їх годували гнилим м'ясом, а потім вони підняли заколот проти офіцерів. | Сначала матросы возражали против того, что их кормили тухлым мясо, а затем они подняли мятеж против офицеров. |
TASK 25. Fill in the gaps with either infinitives or gerunds. Be careful with the expressions
used to +infinitive or to be/to get used to + gerund.
1. Jane is American. She came to Britain and at first she found _________ (to drive) on the left difficult. In her home country she used to _________ (to drive) on the right. She was not used ________ (to drive) on the left, but soon she got used _________ (to look) first to the right and then to the left. Now she has no problems as she is used ________ (to drive) on the left.
2. When Philip was sent to work in Singapore, it took him a long time to learn _________ (to survive) in that climate. At first he even worked at night and really hated it, but now he is used _________ (to stay up) late and doesn't mind it.
3. Juan is Spanish and came to live in England. In Spain he used _________ (to have) dinner late in the evening, but in England dinner was at 7 o'clock. This was very difficult for him as he wasn’t used _________ (to eat) so early in the evening. It took him some weeks to get used _________ (to have) dinner ‘in the afternoon’ as he says. Now he finds it quite normal.
4. Julia is a nurse now. A year ago she was a student in a medical school and used ________ (to study) during the day and _________ (to sleep) at night. Now she has to work nights. At first she found it hard and didn't like it. She used _________ (to fall asleep) during her night shifts. It took her a few months to get used _________ (to stay awake) at night. Now, after a year, she's quite happy. She is used _________ (to work) at night and _________ (to sleep) during the day.
5. Len lives alone. He doesn't mind _________ (to live) alone because he has always lived alone and got used _________ (to take) care of himself. When he was a child and his big family lived in one room he used ________ (to sleep) on the floor. When his father got into some money and they moved to a house, it was difficult for Len to get used ________ (to sleep) in bed. Now he is used _________ (to sleep) in bed but sometimes when it is very hot in summer he prefers ________ (to spend) his nights on the floor.
6. Most of his life Jack had lived in Alaska. He was used ________ (to live) in a rather cold climate. Then his boss transferred him to the Middle East. It was very difficult for him at first because he wasn’t used ________ (to live) in a hot climate. He is still not used _________ (to endure) much heat.
TASK 26. Translate into English using either infinitives or gerunds in the function of an object.
| № | Ukrainian | Russian |
| Торік я не могла навіть мріяти про те, щоб поїхати у Великобританію, а зараз у мене є всі шанси одержати грант на навчання в Манчестерской Школі Бізнесу. | В прошлом году я не могла даже мечтать о том, чтобы поехать в Великобританию, а сейчас у меня есть все шансы получить грант на учебу в Манчестерской Школе Бизнеса. | |
| Я не могла не розсміятися побачивши його лице. Я ніколи раніше не бачила самовпевненого Питера таким дурним і розгубленим. | Я не могла не рассмеяться при виде его лица. Я никогда раньше не видела самоуверенного Питера таким глупым и растерянным. | |
| Я пропоную спочатку звернутися із цим питанням до завідувача нашою кафедрою, а тоді якщо він не зможе допомогти нам, піти до декана факультету. | Я предлагаю сначала обратиться с этим вопросом к заведующему нашей кафедрой, а тогда если он не сможет помочь нам, пойти к декану факультета. | |
| Белла дуже утомилася сидіти дома одна й спілкуватися тільки з героями свого роману, і тому вона вирішила провести вихідні в гучній компанії своїх університетських друзів. | Белла очень устала сидеть дома одна и общаться только с героями своего романа, и поэтому она решила провести выходные в шумной компании своих университетских друзей. | |
| Хто вам сказав, що в цього хлопчика здатності до вивчення мов? Результати його тесту на здатность до вивчення мов найгірші в групі. Порадьте йому вибрати яку-небудь іншу спеціальність. | Кто вам сказал, что у этого мальчика способности к изучению языков? Результаты его теста на способность к изучению языков самые плохие в группе. Посоветуйте ему выбрать какую-нибудь другую специальность. | |
| Спасибі, що подзвонили моїй мамі. Якби вона не знала, що в нас просто спустила шина, вона б почала турбуватися й обзванювати всі міські лікарні. | Спасибо, что позвонили моей маме. Если бы она не знала, что у нас просто спустила шина, она бы начала беспокоиться и обзванивать все городские больницы. | |
| Марія всіляко уникала зустрічей з Пилипом, хоча це було дуже складно зробити, тому що вони вчились в одному університеті. | Мария всячески избегала встреч с Филиппом, хотя это было очень сложно сделать, учась в одном университете. | |
| Ви думаєте, варто купити це штучне хутряне пальто? – Думаю, так. Воно не тільки тепле, але й виглядає абсолютно, як дійсний мех. | Вы думаете, стоит купить это искусственное меховое пальто? – Думаю, да. Оно не только теплое, но и выглядит абсолютно, как настоящий мех. | |
| Стюарт був дуже засмучений, що не застав Пэт дома. Він ненавидів приходити в порожній дім, коли там не було ні його дружини, ні дітей. Дім здавався йому тоді порожнім і навіть страшним. | Стюарт был очень огорчен, что не застал Пэт дома. Он ненавидел приходить в пустой дом, когда там не было ни его жены, ни детей. Дом казался ему тогда пустым и даже страшным. | |
| Не забудьте прийняти ці таблетки. – Спасибі за нагадування, але я точно пам'ятаю, що я їх уже приймала. | Не забудьте принять эти таблетки. – Спасибо за напоминание, но я точно помню, что я их уже принимала. | |
| Коли діти повернулися зі школи, миссис Торндайк була зайнята приготуванням обіду, і не помітила, що близнюки були чимсь дуже розстроєні. | Когда дети вернулись из школы, миссис Торндайк была занята приготовлением обеда, и не заметила, что близнецы были чем-то очень расстроены. | |
| Ви не заперечуєте, якщо я перемкну телевізор на інший канал? Мені не подобається ця програма. І я знаю, що зараз на каналі «Дискавери» показують дуже цікавий фільм про доісторичних тварин. Як щодо того, щоб подивитися його? | Вы не возражаете, если я переключу телевизор на другой канал? Мне не нравится эта программа. И я знаю, что сейчас на канале «Дискавери» показывают очень интересный фильм о доисторических животных. Как насчет того, чтобы посмотреть его? | |
| Тед заперечував, що взяв гроші з портфеля свого сусіда по парті. Він наполягав на тому, що гроші могли випасти із його портфеля, коли вони билися на перерві. Але класний керівник відмовлявся йому вірити, тому що це був не перший випадок злодійства в класі. | Тед отрицал, что взял деньги из портфеля своего соседа по парте. Он настаивал на том, что деньги могли выпасть их портфеля, когда они дрались на перемене. Но классный руководитель отказывался ему верить, так как это был не первый случай воровства в классе. | |
| Вибачите, що я не подзвонив вам учора, як обіцяв. Сподіваюся, ви на мене не гніваєтеся. Я з нетерпінням чекаю нашої сьогоднішньої зустрічі. | Извините, что я не позвонил вам вчера, как обещал. Надеюсь, вы на меня не сердитесь. Я с нетерпением жду нашей сегодняшней встречи. | |
| Стив обвинуватив Марту в тім, що вона була легковажною. Він наполягав на тому, щоб вона поступила до університету і припинила бігати на нескінченні вечірки й часами бовтати по телефоні з подругами | Стив обвинил Марту в том, что она была легкомысленной. Он настаивал на том, чтобы она поступила в университет и прекратила бегать на бесконечные вечеринки и часами болтать по телефону с подругами | |
| Я був проти того, щоб Пол вів машину так швидко. Дорога була дуже слизької, видимість через туман була поганою, і наша поїздка з кожною мінутою ставала все більш і більш небезпечною. | Я был против того, чтобы Пол вел машину так быстро. Дорога была очень скользкой, видимость из-за тумана была плохой, и наша поездка с каждой минутой становилась все более и более опасной. | |
| Не упустите можливість почути цього піаніста. Він, говорять, дійсний геній. Його вважають найвидатнішим піаністом сучасності. - Жаль, що я не зможу піти з вами. Я буду зайнятий підготовкою річного звіту, і я не можу відкласти цю роботу на завтра. | Не упустите возможность услышать этого пианиста. Он, говорят, настоящий гений. Его считают самым выдающимся пианистом современности. - Жаль, что я не смогу пойти с вами. Я буду занят подготовкой годового отчета, и я не могу отложить эту работу на завтра. | |
| Чому Ванда не надягає те гарне плаття, що вона купила торік у Парижі? – Вона говорить, що боїться його надягати, тому що воно занадто яскраве. Ти ж її знаєш, вона почуває себе не у своїй тарілці, коли на неї всі дивляться. | Почему Ванда не надевает то красивое платье, которое она купила в прошлом году в Париже? – Она говорит, что боится его надевать, потому что оно слишком яркое. Ты же ее знаешь, она чувствует себя не в своей тарелке, когда на нее все смотрят. | |
| Мій молодший брат дуже не любить, коли йому нагадують, що настав час робити уроки. Він робить все можливе, щоб відтягнути момент, коли йому треба буде сідати за письмовий стіл і відкривати свої зошити. | Мой младший брат очень не любит, когда ему напоминают, что пора делать уроки. Он делает все возможное, чтобы оттянуть момент, когда ему надо будет садиться за письменный стол и открывать свои тетради. | |
| Не варто давати Фреду поради, навіть якщо ви впевнені, що вони розумні. Він однаково не буде їм слідувати. Він дуже пишається тим, що ніколи не слідує нічиїм порадам. | Не стоит давать Фреду советы, даже если вы уверены, что они разумны. Он все равно не будет им следовать. Он очень гордится тем, что никогда не следует ничьим советам. | |
| Ти знаєш, у чому твої слабкі й сильні сторони? – Я впевнений, що в мене добре виходить генерувати ідеї, але я не завжди можу добре працювати в команді. Я скорішезволію зробити всю роботу сам, чим просити когось про допомогу. | Ты знаешь, в чем твои слабые и сильные стороны? – Я уверен, что у меня хорошо получается генерировать идеи, но я не всегда могу хорошо работать в команде. Я скорее предпочту сделать всю работу сам, чем просить кого-то о помощи. | |
| Я рекомендую тобі перестати хвастатися. Усі знають, що ти досить здатна людина, але я відмовляюся вірити, що ти одержав вищий бал за TOEFL. | Я рекомендую тебе перестать хвастаться. Все знают, что ты довольно способный человек, но я отказываюсь верить, что ты получил высший балл за TOEFL. |
Gerund and the verbal noun
The gerund should not be confused with the verbal noun, which has the same suffix -ing. The main points of difference between the gerund and the verbal noun are as follows:
| Gerund | Verbal Noun | |
| Like all the verbals the gerund has a double character — nominal and verbal. | The verbal noun has only a nominal character. | |
| The gerund is not used with an article, e.g. · The old man remembered making the shopping list but he forgot where he had put it. · Sue regretted brushing her hair so carelessly in the morning. · Liking that cute little puppy was easy. | The verbal noun may be used with an article, e.g. · The making of a new humanity cannot be the privilege of a handful of bureaucrats. · I want you to give my hair a good brushing. · Jim and Keith had a liking and respect for each other. | |
| The gerund has no plural form. | The verbal noun may be used in the plural, e.g. Our likings are regulated by our circumstances. | |
| The gerund of a transitive verb is followed by a direct object, e.g. He received more and more letters, so many that he had given up reading them. | A verbal noun cannot be followed by a direct object; instead it is followed by an indirect object with the preposition of, e.g. The reading of the verdict took up almost all the afternoon. | |
| The gerund may be modified by an adverb (an adverbial modifier), e.g. In her eyes, drinking, even occasionally, was a sin. | The verbal noun may be modified by an adjective (attribute), e.g. It was amazing how he could act after a night of heavy drinking. |
REVISION OF GERUND AND INFINITIVE
TASK 27. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold so that the second sentence had a similar meaning to the first sentence. Follow the example.
Example. I think it's difficult to raise children nowadays. (raising)
I think raising children is difficult nowadays.
1. It's too dark to see anything in here. (bright)
It isn't ____________________________anything in here.
2. She made him accept full responsibility for the accident. (was)
He ____________________________ full responsibility for the accident.
3. Could you post this letter for me, please? (mind)
Would you ____________________________this letter for me, please?
4. He had difficulty finding (in) her house. (difficult)
____________________________ to find her house.
5. They let me watch the rehearsal. (allowed)
____________________________the rehearsal.
6. The party was so boring that we didn't enjoy ourselves. (too)
The party ____________________________ ourselves.
7. Someone saw Ben throw an envelope in the rubbish bin. (was)
Ben ____________________________an envelope in the rubbish bin.
8. Using the office photocopier is not allowed. (allow)
They ____________________________the office photocopier.
9. Could you give me a lift to the office, please? (mind)
Would ____________________________a lift to the office, please?
10. I think it's interesting to learn about other cultures. (learning)
I think ____________________________ interesting.
11. They let Edward go out with his friends last night. (allowed)
Edward ____________________________ with his friends last night.
12. They heard Fiona quarrelling with her brother last night. (was)
Fiona ____________________________ with her brother last night.
13. Henry was made to help us with the cleaning. (made)
We____________________________ with the cleaning.
TASK 28. Spot and correct mistakes. There is one correct sentence. Which?
1. You would better see your doctor.
2. They made me to reveal the plans.
3. He stopped eating fried food as it gave him indigestion.
4. Did you remember buying some bread? I asked you to do it in the morning.
5. Would you mind to give me a lift?
6. I had rather stay in bed today. I don’t feel well.
7. Mum has stopped to drink fizzy drinks. She is on a diet.
8. This bag is too expensive for me to buy it.
9. To smoke it is dangerous for your health.
10. Would you mind me to open the window?
11. I'd love eating a pizza tonight.
12. I stopped at the bakery buying some bread.
13. They made me to pay for the broken window.
14. I heard the Taylors to argue.
15. I'd better to ask someone for help.
16. I forgot calling you last night. I'm sorry.
TASK 29. Choose the correct grammar form.
1. I never imagined the mountains to be/being so high!
2. Don't forget to wake me/waking me before you leave.
3. What do you mean to do/doing about the leaky pipes?
4. I regret to tell you/telling you that we cannot accept your offer.
5. Did you manage to find/finding the book you were looking for?
6. I tried taking/to take that medicine you gave me but I couldn't swallow it.
7. We have postponed to tell/telling anyone the news until after Christmas.
8. Have you considered to buy/buying a microwave oven?
9. Sorry I'm late, I had to stop to pick up/picking up the children from school.
10. I want you to try/ trying much harder, otherwise you woun;t oass your exam.
11. I’m looking forward to see/ to seeing you again.
12. Mum, please let me go/ going/ to go by myself.
13. Do you really expect me to believe/ believing you?
14. It’s much too late for going/ to go/ going out now.
15. It’s no use telling/ to tell me your troubles.
16. Do you enjoy to make/ making people laugh?
17. Do you mind me to close/ my closing the window?
18. I hope you didn’t forget to post/ posting my letter.
TASK 30. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. Try to use gerunds or infinitives.
Example. I was made to study hard when I was at school. - They made me study hard when I was at school.
1. If I take the job, I'll have to move to Paris. - Taking the job …
2. It's very kind of you to give me a lift. - I appreciate …
3. It might be a good idea to use honey instead of sugar. - Why don't you try …
4. I'm quite happy to look after the baby for you. - I don't mind…
5. I must see the manager! - I demand …
6. ‘Go on Jack, apply for the job,’ said Sally. - Sally encouraged…
7. You wouldn't know where the Hilton Hotel is, would you? - Do you happen …
8. Parking is not permitted here. - You are …
9. 'Shall I carry that bag for you, John?' said Pauline. - Pauline offered …
10. Is that the manager? I have a complaint about my room. - Is that the manager? I wish …
11. You’ll waste time if you copy your work out again. - Don't …
12. I bet you wouldn't ask David to come with you to the party! - I dare …
13. Brenda really hates staying in expensive hotels. - Brenda can't …
14. 'Please don't leave me on my own,' Martin begged us. - Martin begged …
15. If you work for this company, you have to travel a lot. - Working for this company involves...
16. Joe doesn't like it when people treat him like a child. - Joe resents …
17. You should go to the dentist's at once. - Don't put off …
18. It was resolved that the matter would be brought up at the next meeting. - They resolved …
19. The police were told that the use of unnecessary force was forbidden. - The police were instructed...
TASK 31. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct gerund or infinitive form.
It all began about three years ago. A friend suggested __________ (to enter) a photo competition – for fun. At the time, I wasn’t interested in ________ (to become) a photographic model – I wanted _________ (to train) as a hairdresser. Well, I won the competition and did a course in _________ (to model). It was great fun, we learnt a lot more than just __________ (to walk) up and down and _________ (to put) on make up. Then I got my first job, as a model in a small London fashion house. After that, I did some television commercials. By this time I found that my job had changed my life. I had to give up ________ (to smoke) and __________ (to eat) my favourite foods. I couldn’t risk _________ (to catch) a cold. I had to stop _________ (to go) to bed late, this was difficult, because I was fond of __________ (to go) to parties and I wasn’t used _________ (to get) up early. I sometimes hated _________ (to stand) in front of cameras for hours. But now I’m used to it. I enjoy _________ (to travel) and __________ (to meet) interesting people, and I must __________ (to admit) I like _________ (to wear) expensive clothes.
Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 418 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| To advise to allow to permit to recommend to encourage | | | Climbing, driving, fishing, riding, sailing, shopping, skiing, walking, etc. |