To advise to allow to permit to recommend to encourage

gerund	infinitive
in the active voice or not followed by an indirect object	in thepassive voice or followed by an indirect object
· The agency advises booking in advance. · They don’t allow smoking here.	· The agent advised us to book in advance. · We were advised to book in advance. · We were not allowed to smoke there. · They don’t allow people to smoke here.

to imagine

gerund	infinitive
general use	as part of Complex Object with the verb ‘to be’
I imagined her dancing with another boy and got very sad.	I had imagined her to be older than she looked.

6. With the verbs and phrasal verbs given below only the gerund is used. It is important to remember not only these verbs and phrasal verbs but also the prepositions.

Preposition ‘of’

to accuse of	to complain of	to think of	not to like the idea of
to approve of	to consist of/in	to be ignorant of	to give up the idea of
to be afraid of	to hear of	to dream of	to be sure of
to be aware of	to learn of	to be conscious of	to be proud of
to be capable of	to suspect of	to be tired of
to be incapable of	to speak of	to be fond of

· Happiness consists largely of having good friends.

· Don’t turn up the volume. I am afraid of disturbing the neighbours.

· Have you ever thought of writing a book yourself?

· They suddenly became aware of people looking at them.

Preposition ‘for’

to admire smb for	to forgive smb for	to praise smb for
to apologize for	to thank smb for	to punish smb for
to excuse smb for	to blame smb for	to sentence smb for

· Thank you very much for sending me the books and pictures.

· Tom was punished for going to the cemetery at night.

· Will she ever forgive her husband for being unfaithful to her?

Preposition ‘on’

to count on	to plan on	to rely on	to be keen on
to decide on/against	to insist on	to congratulate on	to be fond of
to depend on	to waste time on	to spend time on

· Can we rely on his coming on time?

· Dirk Stroeve insisted on Strickland’s painting in his studio.

· How can you waste so much time on chatting over the phone?

Preposition ‘to’

to agree to	to object to	to be used to	to get round to
to look forward to	to be accustomed to	to get used to	in addition to

· We look forward to hearing from you.

· The majority agreed to your joining the firm.

· Philip is used to walking all the way to work.

· Don’t be discouraged! Very soon you’ll get used to living in this heat.

· In addition to showing you these diagrams I’m going to pass over these handouts.

Preposition ‘in’

to believe in	to succeed in	to result in	to take pride in
to be interested in	to assist in	to have (no) difficulty in	to lose (no) time in
to persist in	to help in	to take part in

· Can you help me in handing out these papers?

· The boy had no difficulty in getting used to the new surroundings.

· Let’s not lose time in discussing this obvious issue.

· These politics resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

Note: Mind the difference in meaning in the use of gerund and infinitive in the expression to be interested,

to be interested

in + gerund	infinitive
refers to something that will happen	refers to something that has already happened
I’m interested in working on this new project. = Я заинтересован в том, чтобы поработать над этим новым проектом. / Я зацікавлений у тому, щоб попрацювати над цим новим проектом.	I was interested to read that article. = Мне было интересно прочесть ту статью. / Мені було цікаво прочитати ту статтю.

Preposition ‘at’

to aim at	to be surprised at	to be good at
to be astonished at	to be displeased at	to be bad at

· Jack was astonished at seeing us so soon.

· My sister is good at looking after sick animals.

· Mr. Townsend was displeased at being asked to repeat everything he had already said.

Preposition ‘from’

to prevent smb from

to keep smb from

· Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against further justices.

· Your task is to keep her from leaving her bed before the doctor allows it.

8. In Modern English the expressions can’t help / couldn’t help in the meaning ‘не мог не / не могу не’ are usually followed by gerund, though but + bare infinitive is also used, e.g.

· I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us. = Я не могу не думать, что он знает больше, чем он нам сказал. / Я не можу не думати, що він знає більше, ніж він нам сказав.

· He can’t help being ugly. = Он не может не быть уродливым. / Він не може не бути виродливим.

· She couldn’t help but wonder what he was thinking. = Ее не могло не интересовать, о чем он думает. / Її не могло не цікавити, про що він думає.

9. The expressions ‘to be used to = иметь привычку, иметь обыкновение что-то делать’, ‘to get used to = to become used to = to get accustomed to smth =привыкать к чему-то, приобретать новую привычку’, is always followed by gerund, e.g.

· Typists are used to working in noisy rooms. = Машинистки привыкли работать в шумных помещениях. / Друкарки звикли працювати в гучних приміщеннях.

· You will soon get used to operating this machine. = Вы скоро привыкните управлять этой машиной. / Ви незабаром звикніте управляти цією машиною.

· Very soon Robinson became used to living without any people around. = Очень скоро Робинзон привык жить без людей. / Дуже скоро Робинзон звик жити без людей.

· She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night. = Она была человеком, который привык спать восемь часов каждую ночь. / Вона була людиною, що звикла спати вісім годин щоночі.

10. Do not confuse compound verbal aspect predicate ‘used to + infinitive’ and the expressions ‘to be used to’, to get used to’, to become used to + gerund. Compare:

used to + infinitive	to be used to, to get used to, to become used to + gerund
is used to talk about an action that often happened in the past but does not happen now	· to be used to doing smth = is used to talk about something that you are familiar with so that it no longer seems new or strange to you · to get/to become used to doing smth = to get accustomed to doing smth
когда-то, бывало, зачастую / колись, бувало, найчастіше	· to be used to doing smth = иметь привычку, иметь обыкновение что-то делать; привыкать к чему-то, / мати звичку, мати звичай щось робити; звикати до чого, · to get/to become used to doing smth = приобретать новую привычку / набувати нової звички
· In London they used to wait in traffic jams for a long time. = В Лондоне они зачастую долго ждали в автомобильных пробках. / У Лондоні вони найчастіше довго чекали в автомобільних пробках. · In his youth Monty used to play cards a lot. = В молодости Монти бывало часто играл в карты. / У молодості Монти бувало часто грав у карти. · When I was a worker I used to criticize my bosses. Now when I am a boss, I criticize the trade unions. = Когда я был рабочим, я часто критиковал свое начальство. Теперь, когда я начальник, я критикую профсоюзы./ Коли я був робітником, я часто критикував своє начальство. Тепер, коли я начальник, я критикую профспілки.	· In London they very soon got used to waiting in traffic jams for a long time. = В Лондоне они очень скоро привыкли подолгу ожидать в автомобильных пробках. / У Лондоні вони дуже скоро звикли подовгу очікувати в автомобільних пробках. · Having nothing else to do, Monty got used to playing cards with his servant. = Не имея никакого другого занятия, Монти пристрастился играть в карты со своим слугой. / Не маючи ніякого іншого заняття, Монти пристрастився грати в карти зі своїм слугою. · You can say what you like. I am used to being criticized. = Ты можешь говорить все, что хочешь. Я привык, чтобы меня критиковали. / Ти можеш говорити все, що хочеш. Я звик, щоб мене критикували.

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