Text E. Foreign languages in the life of a modern man

ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS

(Part I)

Рыбница, 2012

УДК 802.0 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ. –92

E 56

Составители:

Н.П. Перевязка, преп. каф. иностранных языков

О.В. Корчевская, преп. каф. иностранных языков

Рецензенты:

Л.К. Скодорова, канд. соц. наук, доц. каф. прикладной информатики филиала ПГУ им. Т.Г. Шевченко в г. Рыбница

Е.В. Соловьянова, ст. преп. каф. иностранных языков филиала ПГУ им. Т.Г. Шевченко в г. Рыбница

E 56 English for computer science students (Part I): Учебное пособие / Сост.: Н.П. Перевязка, О.В. Корчевская. – Рыбница, 2012. – 124 с.

Учебное пособие состоит из трех разделов, имеющих единую тематику, соответствующую программе по английскому языку для направления «Программная инженерия», и содержащих основные тексты, которые подлежат тщательной проработке и анализу для изучения тех грамматических и лексических явлений, которым посвящен каждый раздел, лексические упражнения коммуникативной направленности и грамматический практикум. Учебный материал направлен на повторение и обобщение основных грамматических тем и лексики, пройденных в средней школе, а также углубленное изучение грамматических и лексических явлений, которые необходимы студентам для профессионального общения на английском языке.

Работа также содержит рубрики Everyday English, материал которых направлен на развитие навыков диалогической речи.

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов I курса, обучающихся по направлению «Программная инженерия» (231000).

УДК 802.0 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ. –92

Рекомендовано Научно-методическим советом ПГУ им. Т. Г. Шевченко

© Составление:

Н.П. Перевязка, 1 и 2 глава, 2012

О.В. Корчевская, 3 глава, 2012

CONTENTS

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ.. 4

UNIT 1. LET’S GET ACQUAINTED! ENGLISH FOR YOU AND ME 5

TEXT A. ABOUT MYSELF. 8

TEXT B. STUDENT'S WORKING DAY.. 10

TEXT C. ALEX SIDOROV’S FAMILY.. 14

TEXT D. HOBBIES AND LEISURE TIME. 17

TEXT E. FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE LIFE OF A MODERN MAN 19

GRAMMAR.. 21

EVERYDAY ENGLISH: GREETINGS Приветствия. 38

UNIT 2. EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES. STUDENT’S LIFE 47

TEXT А. HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA.. 51

TEXT B. ANN'S ACADEMY.. 54

TEXT C. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK.. 59

TEXT D. COMPUTING QUALIFICATIONS IN BRITAIN.. 63

TEXT E. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA.. 65

GRAMMAR.. 66

EVERYDAY ENGLISH: EXPRESSING OPINION.. 80

UNIT 3. SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS: FAMOUS PEOPLE IN THE HISTORY OF IT 83

TEXT A. JOHN NAPIER (1550-1617) 83

TEXT B. BLAISE PASCAL (1623 – 1662) 85

TEXT C. GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ (1646–1716) 88

TEXT D. JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD (1752-1834) 89

TEXT E. ISAAC NEWTON’S MISTAKE. 90

GRAMMAR.. 94

EVERYDAY ENGLISH: MAKING AND ACCEPTING INVITATIONS. MAKING SUGGESTIONS 118

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ... 123

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Данное учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с требованиями к содержанию дисциплины «Иностранный язык» по направлению подготовки «Программная инженерия» (231000) и предназначено для студентов дневного отделения I курса, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 231000 «Программная инженерия».

Цель настоящего пособия – повысить коммуникативные умения студентов по специальной и неспециальной тематике путем расширения лексического минимума студентов и овладения ими элементами монологической и диалогической речи на английском языке. Представленный материал позволяет не только углу­бить свои знания в английском языке, но и овладеть определенным корпусом понятий и терминов языка компьютерных технологий.

Учебное пособие состоит из 3–х разделов, разработанных по тематическому признаку. Каждый раздел включает в себя 4-5 оригинальных, но нетрудных текстов и упражнения к ним, направленные на полное понимание прочитанного и расширение словаря обучаемого, совершенствование навыков просмотрового и поискового чтения, а также реферирования текстов по специальности; способы словообразования и теоретические сведения по грамматическим аспектам английского языка, необходимые для правильного оформления монологического высказывания на английском языке, а также фразы и речевые клише повседневного общения. В пособии дается обширный материал для формирования речевых навыков; представленные упражнения характеризуются коммуникативной направленностью.

Учебный материал I и II разделов данного пособия включает устные темы общеразговорного характера и материалы по вопросам страноведения и предназначен для повторения и обобщения полученных раннее знаний по грамматике и лексике английского языка, а также расширения навыков разговорной речи. III глава знакомит студентов с выдающимися личностями из истории создания компьютера.

Каждый раздел начинается с предтекстовых упражнений для проработки грамматического и лексического материала с целью преодоления трудностей при работе с основными текстами.

Пособие может использоваться как для аудиторных занятий, так и для самостоятельной работы. Может также быть рекомендовано студентам неязыковых специальностей и направлений подготовки, изучающим английский язык в высших учебных заведениях.

UNIT 1

LET’S GET ACQUAINTED!

ENGLISH FOR YOU AND ME

Личные и притяжательные местоимения

Глаголы to be, to have, оборот there + to be

Определенный и неопределенный артикли

Существительное

Числительное

Text A. About Myself

Text B. Student's Working Day

Text C. Alex Sidorov’s Family

Text D. Hobbies And Leisure Time

Text E. Foreign Languages In The Life Of A Modern Man

Everyday English: Greetings

Exercise 1. Read the new words below and translate the sentences.

1) foreign ['fɔrɪn] иностранный	Knowledge of foreign languages is necessary today.
2) appearance [ə'pɪər(ə)ns] внешность	The appearance is very important for actors.
3) to introduce [ˌɪntrə'djuːs] (to) представлять	She introduced me to her parents.
4) few [fjuː] мало, немного	Few students in our group can speak English well.
5) a lot of – много	Our library has a lot of books.
6) enough [ɪ'nʌf] достаточно	He has got enough money to buy new books.
7) rather ['rɑːðə] довольно	It is rather hot in summer in the South.
8) to last ['lɑːst] продолжаться, длиться	Students’ summer vacations usually last for two months.
9) quarter ['kwɔːtə] четверть	Twenty-five cents is a quarter of a dollar.
10) to miss [mis] пропускать	He never misses his classes.
11) to prefer [prɪ'fɜː] предпочитать	I prefer to read English authors in the original.
12) during ['djuərɪŋ] в течение	We speak English during the lesson.
13) several ['sev(ə)r(ə)l] несколько, некоторые	Students pass several examinations at the end of the term.
14) while [waɪl] пока, в то время как	He is reading a newspaper while waiting for a bus.
15) to prepare [prɪ'peə] готовиться к чему-л.	We have enough time to prepare for the examinations.
16) science ['saɪəns] наука	Biology is a science.
17) quite [kwaɪt] вполне, совсем, совершенно	The work is not quite finished.
18) rest [rest] 1) (the ~) остаток; 2) отдых	He spent the rest of the vacation at home. If you are tired you should have a rest.
19) to carry out ['kærɪ] выполнять, проводить	Students can carry out experiments at the laboratory.
20) research [rɪ'sɜːʧ] (научное) исследование	His research is fruitful.
21) various ['veərɪəs] различный, разный	The climate conditions in Russia are various in different parts of the country.
22) course [kɔːs] курс обучения	The university offers courses in various subjects.
23) to connect [kə'nekt] соединять; связывать	We connected an antenna to a TV set.
24) subject ['sʌbʤekt] предмет, дисциплина	Students study a lot of special subjects at the university.
25) equipment [ɪ'kwɪpmənt] оборудование	Computers are used as office equipment nowadays.
26) half [hɑːf], мн. ч. halves половина	She cut the apple in two halves.
27) term [tɜːm] 1) срок; 2) семестр; 3) термин	Academic year consists of two terms. Special terms are often used in professional language.

Exercise 2. Read the following words using the transcription. Find the Russian equivalents.

student ['stju:dnt], music ['mju:zɪk], sport [spɔ:t], Academy [ə'kædəmɪ], engineer [ˌenʤɪ'nɪə], profession [prə'feʃ(ə)n], cafe ['kæfeɪ], coffee ['kɔfɪ], visit ['vɪzɪt], comedy ['kɔmədɪ], park [pɑːk], sphere [sfɪə], experiment [ɪk'sperɪmənt], diploma [dɪ'pləumə].

Exercise 3. Match the antonyms.

1. to close 2. after 3. here 4. first 5. evening 6. much 7. tomorrow 8. bad 9. to begin 10. to take 11. south 12. white 13. to ask 14. few 15. new

a) to finish b) north c) last d) before e) yesterday f) to give g) old h) there i) morning j) good k) many l) little m) to open n) black o) to answer

Exercise 4. Find an odd word in each line.

1) driver, doctor, teacher, corner, engineer

2) train, car, river, tram, bus

3) week, year, yesterday, month, day

4) man, woman, girl, postman, boy

5) student, professor, lecture, hospital, examination

6) wide, green, brown, white, black

7) February, November, March, Monday, July

8) winter, summer, year, autumn, spring

9) body, arm, leg, head, hand

10) hand, head, leg, arm, foot, shoe

11) Tuesday, Thursday, Wednesday, August, Sunday

12) Moscow, Tver', Paris, Samara, Novosibirsk

Exercise 5. Match the words from two columns.

1. course 2. enough 3. equipment 4. foreign 5. half 6. knowledge 7. language 8. quarter 9. rather 10. rest 11. several 12. subject 13. term 14. to carry out 15. to connect 16. to miss 17. to prefer 18. to prepare 19. usually 20. various

a) выполнять b) готовить c) довольно d) достаточно e) знания f) иностранный g) курс h) несколько i) оборудование j) обычно k) остаток l) половина m) предмет n) предпочитать o) пропускать p) различный q) соединять r) термин s) четверть t) язык

Exercise 6. Read and translate the following text.

TEXT A. ABOUT MYSELF

Hello, friends. Let me first introduce myself. My name is Ann or Anya for my friends. My surname or last name is Sokolova. I was born on the 2^nd of October in Sochi, Krasnodarsky Region. This is the most beautiful city in Russia situated on the Black Sea coast. Now I am a first-year student at the Technical Academy. In five years I'll be an engineer.

Now let me describe my appearance. I am tall and slim and have fair hair and blue eyes. My friends say that I am pretty. I think I am just good-looking. I love sports and music. I was very serious about a career in gymnastics when I was in the 5^th form. But then I broke my arm and doctors didn't let me go in for gymnastics. I love to listen to modern music and dance. I dance a lot and I hope I am good at it. I also love swimming. I always swim in the Black sea when I visit my parents, my dear family.

I would like to tell you about my family. There are five people in our family. My father's name is Vladimir Stepanovich. He is a mathematician by education and businessman by profession. My mother's name is Tatyana Petrovna. She is a housewife. She has much work about the house because I have a younger sister. She is a pupil. My sister Natasha is in the fifth form. My grandmother, my mother's mother, lives with us. She is very kind and helps us a lot.

Our family is very friendly, we have many friends. In summer many relatives come to visit us. And, of course, they use a chance to spend several weeks in beautiful Sochi.

In May I have finished school No 5 in Sochi. I did well in all the subjects but my favourite subjects at school were Physics and Computer Science. I also enjoyed English lessons.

I am very interested in learning English because I always wanted to become a programmer or maybe a businesswoman. I also think that the knowledge of foreign languages helps in everyday life and career.

Two years ago I travelled much around Europe. I have visited France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. There the knowledge of English helped me a lot.

As you see, my biography isn't very long yet. But we'll meet again in the next lesson and I'll tell you more about myself. See you later...

Vocabulary

the Black Sea coast – побережье Черного моря

a first-year student – студент(ка) первого курса

region – область

slim – стройная

career – карьера

gymnastics – гимнастика

mathematician – математик

housewife – домохозяйка

to do well – зд. успевать

chance – случай, шанс

maybe ['meɪbɪ] может быть

kind – добрый

a lot – много

Add to your active vocabulary

tall – высокий

short – маленького роста

stout – приземистый, коренастый

fat – толстый

plump – полный

fair hair – светлые волосы

blonde – блондин(ка)

brunette – брюнет(ка)

gray hair – седые волосы

bold headed – лысый

short sighted – близорукий

smart, clever, bright – умный

stupid – тупой, глупый

boring – скучный

fun to be with – веселый человек

easy to go along – легкий в общении

quiet – спокойный

impulsive – порывистый, импульсивный

aggressive – агрессивный

rude – невежливый, грубый

shy, confused – застенчивый

active – активный

talkative – разговорчивый

enthusiastic – энтузиаст, затейник

Exercise 7. Please, introduce yourself. The questions below will certainly help you.

1. What is your name?

2. Where and when were you born?

3. How old are you?

5. Have you got a family?

6. How many people are there in your family?

7. Do you have brothers, sisters, grandparents in your family?

8. Where do you live?

9. Did you study well at school?

10. What school did you finish?

11. Did your teacher of English help you to choose your future profession?

12. What was your favourite subject?

13. What do you like to read?

14. What sport do you go in for?

15. What are you going to be?

16. Do you still live with your parents?

Exercise 8. Bring a picture of a person you know well (mother, father, grandfather, friend) to class. Show it and describe that person. Use the active vocabulary of the unit.

Exercise 9. Look at the adjectives below. Decide with a partner which of them you can use to describe each of the other people in your group – and yourselves, too. Try to find at least three for each person in the group. Use a dictionary to find the meanings of the words you don't know.

artistic	efficient	good-natured	loyal	rational
capable	energetic	happy	open-minded	frank
careful	enthusiastic	hardworking	optimistic	sensible
cheerful	flexible	helpful	organized	sensitive spontaneous
considerate	self-confident	humorous	outgoing
creative	friendly	imaginative	patient	thoughtful
dependable	generous	intelligent	perceptive	unselfish
diplomatic	gentle	interesting	polite	versatile
easygoing	good-humored	kind	practical	witty

Exercise 10. Read and translate the following text.

TEXT B. STUDENT'S WORKING DAY

Hi again... As you already know, I am a first-year student of the Technical Academy. My parents live in Sochi and I study in Rostov-on-Don so I need some housing. There are two opportunities for me: I can live in a dormitory (a students hostel), or to rent a flat (an apartment).

I decided to rent a flat. To make the rent smaller, I also decided to share my flat with another girl – Natasha. She studies at the Academy, too, and she is my best friend now.

Now, let me describe my usual working day. My classes begin at 8:30. So on weekdays I have to get up at half past six. My alarm clock usually wakes me up and my working day begins. I turn on the radio, do my morning exercises, take a shower and brush my teeth. After that I get dressed and comb my hair. Then I have breakfast. I love to listen to the latest news on the radio while I am eating.

I leave the house at ten minutes past eight and walk to the nearest bus stop. I live rather far from the Academy and it usually takes me about a quarter of an hour to get there by bus. Sometimes when the weather is fine and I have enough time I walk to the Academy.

As a rule we have three or four classes a day. We have lectures in different subjects. Usually I don't miss my classes because I want to pass my examinations successfully. But sometimes I do, especially when the weather is fine and the classes are boring.

At twelve o'clock we have a big interval for lunch. That’s my favourite time. That is the time to share the latest news with my friends. I prefer not to go to the canteen and we often have lunch in a small café not too far fromthe Academy. At one o'clock we have to be back to our classes. During the working day we also have several short breaks that last for ten minutes.

From time to time I have to stay at the Academy till late in the evening because I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on weekdays. So, by the end of the week I get very tired.

We come home at about 7 o'clock in the evening. We have supper together. After supper we wash dishes, drink coffee or tea and watch TV. I prefer comedies and serials or films about travelling. Sometimes Igo for a walk in the park or visit my friends.

At about eleven at night I go to bed. I like to read something before going to bed or to listen to some music. Sometimes I fall asleep while I am reading.

Vocabulary

housing – жилье

opportunity [ˌɔpə'tjuːnətɪ] –возможность

dormitory ['dɔːmɪt(ə)rɪ],

students hostel ['hɔst(ə)l] – студенческоеобщежитие

to rent a flat (an apartment) – сниматьквартиру

to share [ʃeə] – делить(ся)

weekdays – рабочие дни

alarm clock [ə'lɑːmˌklɔk] –будиль­ник

to turn on (off) – включать, (выключать)

to take a shower – принимать душ

to brush teeth – чистить зубы

to get dressed – одеваться

to comb [kəum] hair – приче­сывать волосы

it takes me... minutes to get to the Academy by bus – у меня уходит... минут, чтобы добраться до Ака­демии на автобусе

to miss classes – пропускать занятия

to pass exams – сдать экзаме­ны

successfully [sək'sesf(ə)lɪ] – ус­пешно

boring ['bɔːrɪŋ] – скучный

especially [ɪs'peʃ(ə)lɪ] –особенно

have to be back – должнывер­нуться

report [rɪ'pɔːt] – доклад

canteen [kæn'tiːn] –столовая

a break – перемена

to get ready – подготовиться

as a rule – как правило

to get tired – устать

fall asleep – засыпать

Exercise 11. Write one sentence with each word combination.

Бытьстудентом дневного отделения; рассказать вам о...; в будние дни; просыпаться / вставать в 7 часов утра; включать радио; принимать душ; чистить зубы; одеваться; слушать последние новости; уходит час, чтобы добраться до института; ездить на автобусе (троллейбусе, трамвае); опаздывать на занятия; заканчиваться в пять часов вечера; пропускать занятия; сдать экзамены успешно; время от времени; подготовиться к занятиям; как правило; уставать; приходить домой; быть дома; иметь свободное время.

Exercise 12. Answer the following questions and then write a story about your typical day. The following questions can help you.

1) Do you get up early?

2) Is it easy for you to get up early?

3) Do you wake up yourself or does your alarm clock wake you up?

4) Do you do your morning exercises?

5) What do you prefer: a hot or a cold shower in the morning?

6) What do you usually have for breakfast?

7) Some people look through newspapersor listento thelatest news onthe radio while having breakfast.Whatabout you?

8) When do you usually leave your house?

9) How long does it take you to get to your Academy (Institute)?

10) Do you go there by bus/trolley-bus or walk?

11) How many lectures do you usually have every day?

12) Where do you usually have lunch (dinner)?

13) What time do you come home?

14) How long does it take you to do your homework?

15) How do you usually spend your evenings?

16) Do you have much free time on weekdays?

17) What time do you usually go to bed?

18) Do you work? If yes, where?

Exercise 13. Using the material of the above text, speak about your working day.

Exercise 14. a) Read and translate the following text.

NICK'S USUAL WORKING DAY

Hi, nice to meet you all!

My name is Nick Price. I am a freshman at MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology. I am not from Boston myself. I was born in

Vermilion, Ohio, not far from Cleveland.

My family is not very rich, that is why I can't afford to live on a campus. But it is a rule that every student must reside during his or her freshman year on the campus. To cover some of the expenses I've got to work part-time on the campus. I work in cafeteria.

Now let me tell you about my usual working day. I wake up at seven in the morning. My alarm-clock radio is tuned to my favourite radio station. My roommate Todd Hall is a football player. He jogs every morning at 6:30. He is still out jogging when I get up. First I take a cold shower and brush my teeth. Then I dress myself up and rush to work — to the University cafeteria. I wash dishes and clean the tables. It is not a very interesting job, I know that, but soon I'll be a cook and will earn more. My boss Suzie is very strict but very nice when you do your job properly.

My first class starts at 11:15. The professor is never late for his classes. The lecture hall we sit in has about 100 seats. MIT is a very big school. I think that it is the best school of science and technology in the US.

At 2:00 p.m. I eat lunch at school cafeteria. The food is free for me because I work there. I am a vegetarian and I don't like drinks with caffeine. I prefer cool filtered water or juice.

Then I have two more classes. I need to go to the library right after the classes to do my homework. There I meet my friends and we talk a lot. Twice a week I play basketball with my friends. I swim once a week. Usually after library we go out to the cafe or just sit outside and talk.

I have dinner at 6:00 p.m. at the little Chinese restaurant not too far from the dormitory or I cook myself in the kitchen in my dorm. My favourite food is salami pizza and potato salad.

After dinner I watch TV or play ping-pong with my friends. When it is Friday, we go to the football game.

I usually read before I go to bed. It calms me down after the long day. I guess, that's pretty much it for now. See you later!

b) General understanding:

1. Where does Nick Price study?

2. What year of study is he in?

3. Is Nick from Boston?

4. Is Nick's family a rich one?

5. What is Nick's job? Do you think he enjoys it?

6. Is Massachusetts Institute of Technology a good school?

7. Where does Nick spend his evenings?

8. What does Nick usually do on Friday nights?

c) Speak about Nick's usual working day.

Exercise 15. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

a friendly family – дружная семья

a family of her own [əun] – своя семья

twins – близнецы

nursery school ['nɜːs(ə)rɪˌskuːl] – детский сад

accountant [ə'kauntənt] – бухгалтер

joint [ʤɔɪnt] venture ['venʧə] company – совместная компания

a scientist ['saɪəntɪst] – ученый

he is on the wrong [rɔŋ] side of sixty – ему уже за шестьдесят

to retire [rɪ'taɪə] – уйти на пенсию

to work part-time – работать неполный рабочий день

to deliver [dɪ'lɪvə] lectures ['lekʧə] – читать лекции

to do scientific [saɪən'tifik] work – заниматься научной работой

the head of the family – глава семьи

to keep house – вести домашнее хозяйство

recognized ['rekəgnaɪzd] – признанный

upbringing ['ʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ] – воспитание

a senior ['siːnɪə] former – старшеклассник

to take after – быть похожим

even-tempered [ˌiːvən'tempəd] спокойный, уравновешенный

to relax [rɪ'læks] – отдохнуть, расслабиться

to visit or receive [ri'si:v] friends –навещать или принимать друзей

relations [rɪ'leɪʃ(ə)nz] – родственники

I enjoy [ɪn'ʤɔɪ] quiet Saturday evenings – я очень люблю тихие субботние вечера

nobody is in a hurry – никто не торопится

discussing our everyday affairs [ə'fɛəz] – обсуждая наши повседневные дела

something delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs] – что-нибудь очень вкусное

to be in a good mood – быть в хорошем настроении

to be deeply attached to smb – быть к кому-либо привязанным

Exercise 16. Read and translate the story.

TEXT C. ALEX SIDOROV’S FAMILY

We are a large and friendly family. There are six of us: grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, my younger sister and I. I have an elder sister, too, she is 22 years old, but she does not live with our family. She is married. She has a little family of her own: a husband and twins: a daughter and a son. They go to a nursery school. My sister works as an accountant for a joint venture company. Her husband is a scientist.

Our grandfather is a scientist too. He is on the wrong side of sixty, but he does not want to retire. He works at the university. He works part-time. He goes to the university two or three times a week and delivers lectures to students and does scientific work. On the days when he is at home, he works in his study, preparing for his lectures and writing a book.

Our grandmother is retired. She was a teacher and worked at school. She is the recognized head of the family. She keeps house. Of course we help her about the house: all of us do our share in daily household chores. My sister washes the dishes, sweeps and washes the floor, washes the sink in the kitchen. My work is emptying the dustbin, beating the carpets, dusting and vacuum cleaning. Our mother and father do most of the shopping. My mother and sister also do washing. But most of the cooking is done by grandmother. She is a wonderful cook, and all our family likes her cooking very much.

My father is a computer programmer. He is very experienced. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is forty-six. He works at a large company. My mother is a good-looking woman with brown hair. She is forty-four but she looks much younger. She is tall and slim. Mother is an economist and she works at a bank. Both our parents are very busy. Father has a car. In the morning he drives mother to work, then he goes to the office. Father also always drives grandfather to work on his university days.

My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common but they have different views on music, books, films, sports. For example, my father likes horror films and my mother likes "soap operas". My father is fond of tennis. My mother doesn't go in for sports. But my parents have the same opinion about my education and upbringing.

My younger sister goes to school. She is a senior former, so naturally school takes up a lot of her time. As you already know, I am a first-year student of the Technical Academy. I think I take after my father. I'm tall, fair-haired and even-tempered. We spend most of the afternoons and evenings doing our homework.

At the weekend we are not so busy as on week days, and we can relax: visit or receive friends or relations or just go for a walk. I also enjoy quiet Saturday evenings, when all the members of our friendly family are at home and nobody is in a hurry, and we are quietly sitting in our large and comfortable living-room, talking, joking, discussing our everyday affairs and drinking nice hot cups of tea with something delicious prepared by grand­mother.

I always try to be in a good mood. We have got a lot of relatives. We are deeply attached to each other and we get on very well.

Exercise 17. Answer the questions about your family.

1) What is your first name? What is your surname?

2) How old are you?

3) When is your birthday?

4) Is your family large? How many are you in the family?

5) Have you got any brothers or sisters?

6) What are your parents? Where do they work?

7) How long have your parents been married?

8) Do they have much in common?

9) Do you spend a lot of time with your family?

10) What sort of things do you do together?

11) Do you go out with your parents?

12) Who runs the house in your family?

13) What are your household duties?

14) What is your father's hobby?

15) Can you describe your mother?

Exercise 18. Using the material of the above story speak about your family.

Exercise 19. Communicative tasks.

A Ask Liz questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)

1. (where / from?)...Where are you from? 2. (where / live / now?) … 3. (married?) … 4. (how long / married?) … 5. (have / children?) … 6. (how old / they?) … 7. (what / your husband / do?) … 8. (he / enjoy his job?) … 9. (arrest anyone every day?) … 10. (how often / go / on holiday?) …

Liz answers: 1. From London originally. 2. In Manchester. 3. Yes, I am. 4. 12 years. 5. Yes, three boys. 6. 4 and 9. 7. He's a policeman. 8. Yes, very much. 9. I don't know. 10. Usually once a year.

B Tony is being interviewed for a job. Look at the interviewer's notes and Tony's answers, and then write the questions she is asking Tony.

1. age? …… How old are you? 2. live locally? 3. address? 4. when / leave school? 5. which school / go? 6. work / now? 7. who / work for? 8. how long? 9. enjoy / present job? 10. why / want / leave?

Tony’s answers 1. I am 18 2. Yes, I do. 3. Flower Close. 4. Last year. 5. Benham School. 6. Yes, I am. 7. Millers Limited. 8. For six months. 9. Yes, I do. 10. The pay isn't good.

Exercise 20. a) Learn the following proverbs and sayings and explain them.

1) Every family has a black sheep. В каждой семье есть своя черная овца.

2) There is no place like home. Нет места лучше дома.

3) Like father like son. Каков отец, таков и сын.

4) Men make houses, women make homes. Мужчины создают дома, а женщины – домашний очаг.

5) Не got out of bed on the wrong side. Он встал с кровати не с той стороны.

B) Think of situations or short stories to illustrate each of the above proverbs and sayings.

Exercise 21. Read and translate the text below, then give a summary of the text and speak about your own hobby.

TEXT D. HOBBIES AND LEISURE TIME

When a person is not at work or at school we say that he has free time. He can do whatever he wants, but most people prefer not to waste their time. They usually devote it to something interesting. They go shopping, play sport games, read books. In big cities people spend their free time by going to the theatre, cinema, museums, art galleries, concert hall, fitness or disco clubs. A person can choose any of them. But when the weather is fine, most people prefer to go for a walk along the streets with their friends or get out of the city.

Hobby is a favourite occupation of a person in his free time. Hobbies differ like tastes. The most popular hobbies are: philately and collecting different things. Everyone has the right to collect various, even the most unusual things. People collect paintings, stamps, match boxes, bottles, cans, buttons, books, coins, records, etc.

Watching TV is also a popular leisure activity. Sometimes it is pleasant to be entertained without leaving the apartment. People like to see all kinds of films: comedies, tragedies, love-stories, thrillers, westerns, war films, and cartoons.

Nowadays a great number of new hobbies have appeared. Many people are fond of hunting, but not with guns. They hunt birds and animals with a camera. Both boys and girls are fond of computer games. Collecting computer games and playing them has become one of the most widely spread hobbies. Many young people like to surf the Net.

Other teenagers go much further. They are not satisfied with the world they are living in. They create their own worlds. In this context Role-Playing Games (also called RPG) should be mentioned. The players gather together at a meeting and act as the inhabitants of the unreal world.

Young people can belong to any group or organization according to their interests (Scouts, Greenpeace, etc.).

If you have chosen a hobby according to your taste and character, you are lucky, because your life becomes more interesting and exciting.

Vocabulary

to waste their time – тратить время попусту

to surf [sɜːf] the Net – путешествовать по Интернету

according to your taste and character ['kærəktə]– по вкусу и в соответствии с характером.

Exercise 22. Read the text and express your own point of view on the problem of video games.

VIDEO GAMES

Everybody has tried them at least once. Sitting in front of a screen with a button or a joystick you can make cars go very fast or move strange little green men about as they escape from dangerous enemies.

You do it with video games, the electronic toys which are loved by young people and adults alike. Some people prefer space settings, others prehistoric scenes and still others realistic situations in the present. With only a little money an a lot of skill, you can pass several hours absorbed in new and unexpected situations.

But, some experts say, excessive use of these screens can be bad for your health.

And some very violent video games are now in circulation.

So, video games can be bad for you if you don't limit the time you spend in front of the screen or choose intelligent programs which don't contain violence.

Often players forget reality and start to live the adventures of imaginary "heroes".

However, there are also educational video games. These can stimulate imagination or help with the study of history, geography and natural sciences.

Exercise 23. Read and translate the text.

TEXT E. FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE LIFE OF A MODERN MAN

You can't imagine an educated person who doesn't know any foreign language. It is especially important nowadays. Some people learn languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby.

Every year thousands of people go from one country to another either on business or for pleasure. And the knowledge of languages opens the door to any foreign country and gives them a possibility to communicate, to understand people and to be understood.

A real professional cannot do without knowing languages, especially English as it is the international language. You don't need to know Japanese when you go to Japan or Hindi when you visit India. English is spoken all over the world. You can hear it everywhere: in a street, in shops, at restaurants.

Over 350 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.

It is the major international language for communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English is used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organisation and other political organisations. It is the language of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.

A modern engineer or even a worker deals with instruments and machines from other countries. He must be able to read the instruction which is usually written in English. Half of the world’s scientific literature is in English. It’s the language of computers technology.

Scientists and scholars must understand English well because they use foreign literature to write their articles and books. They must speak English fluently to make speeches at international conferences.

Diplomats need foreign languages in their work too. They make contracts, conclude treaties, and hold negotiations.

If you want to be a stewardess, a pilot or a businessman you must learn English, the language of international communication. Even a shop girl or a cashier in a big department store must know at least some phrases in English to understand a foreign customer.

Foreign languages develop our mind. They help us to get acquainted with new customs and traditions, make it possible to read many books in the original. The great German poet Goethe once said, “He, who knows no foreign language, doesn’t know his own one”.

Besides, languages are very helpful in establishing friendly relations between peoples and nations. Children and young people will underhand each other better if they speak one language. That's why all the pupils and students should master English or other foreign languages to become top specialists in any branch.

Vocabulary

cannot do without – не может обойтись

to deal [diːl] with – иметь дело с…

to make contract – заключить контракт

to conclude [kən'kluːd] treaties ['triːtɪ] – заключать договоры

to hold negotiations [nɪˌgəuʃɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] – вести переговоры

at least – по меньшей мере

to get acquainted [ə'kweɪntɪd] with – знакомиться

to master English – овладеть английским

in any branch [brɑːnʧ]– в любой области

Exercise 24. Reading comprehension: answer the questions.

1) Why do people learn foreign languages nowadays?

2) English is the international language, isn’t it?

3) Must a modern engineer know English?

4) Why is it especially important for scientists to learn English?

5) Do the diplomats need foreign languages?

6) What can we profit from knowing foreign languages?

7) How many people in the world speak English?

8) What English-speaking countries do you know?

9) In what areas is English mostly used?

10) What are the main difficulties for you in learning foreign languages?

11) What do you need English for?

Exercise 25. Speak about the role of foreign languages in the life of a modern man.

GRAMMAR

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