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Р.Г. Головчанская, М.Н. Горанская, Э.С. Тайбакова
TAKE TIME TO READ
Учебно-методическое пособие
Петрозаводск
ББК 81.2Англ
УДК 811.11
Г 613
Рецензенты:
Васильева Е.Г., кандидат филологических наук,
доцент кафедры иностранных языков Карельского филиала
ФГОУ ВПО «Северо-Западная академия государственной службы»;
Максютенко В.И., кандидат педагогических наук,
зав. кафедрой иностранных языков,
доцент ФГОУ ВПО «Карельская государственная педагогическая академия».
Головчанская Р.Г.
Г 613 TAKE TIME TO READ: Учеб.-метод. пособие по формированию / Р.Г. Головчанская, М.Н. Горанская, Э.С. Тайбакова; Карельский филиал СЗАГС в г. Петрозаводске. – Петрозаводск, 2010. – 404 с.
ISBN 978-59274-0425-4
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов дневной и заочной форм обучения по специальностям «Государственное и муниципальное управление», «Финансы и кредит» и «Юриспруденция» с разным уровнем владения английским языком.
Аутентичные и адаптированные тексты из разнообразных источников относятся к различным функциональным стилям и жанрам, сгруппированы по основным тематическим модулям и отвечают требованиям Рабочей программы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык».
Тексты и предлагаемые к ним упражнения для развития умений поискового, просмотрового, изучающего и ознакомительного видов чтения на иностранном языке направлены на формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции (языковой, речевой, компенсаторной, социокультурной, учебно-познавательной) как неотъемлемой составляющей профессионально-коммуникативной компетентности специалистов указанных профилей.
ББК 81.2Англ
УДК 811.11
ISBN 78-59274-0425-4
© Карельский филиал ГОУ ВПО
«Северо-Западная академия государственной службы» в г. Петрозаводске, 2010
CONTENTS
| IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS!.............................................................................................................................. 9 | |
| TABLE OF LEVELS AND TYPES OF READING............................................................................................................................ 11 | |
| UNIT 1.FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.1 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE FAMILY TREE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.2 THE ORIGINS OF ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.3 The use of English as a global tongue................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.4 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENGLISH............................ | |
| 1.5 DIALECTS AND REGIONAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH................ | |
| 1.6 PIDGIN ENGLISH AND CREOLE ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.7 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.8 RUSSIAN-ENGLISH “FALSE FRIENDS”............................................ | |
| 1.9 CRAZY ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.10 SIMPLIFIED ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.11 REASONS FOR LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.12 HOW MANY LANGUAGES CAN PEOPLE SPEAK?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.13 TRICKS FOR LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.14 A TEACher of ENGLish................................................................................................................................ | |
| 1.15 FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN STUDENTS’ LIVES................................................................................................................................ | |
| UNIT 2.GENERAL ENGLISH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.1 GIVING PERSONAL INFORMATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.2 TELL US ABOUT YOUR FAMILY!................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.3 WHERE DO YOU LIVE?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.4 HAVE YOU GOT A HOBBY?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.5 NEA’S HOBBIES AND INTERESTS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.6 PHYSICAL Exercise ……………….. | |
| 2.7 ARE YOU FOND OF PETS?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.8 CHOOSING A PEN PAL................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.9 WHAT IS YOUR ZODIAC SIGN?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.10 WHAT IS YOUR TYPICAL DAY LIKE?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.11 A BUSY DAY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.12 AN INTERVIEW WITH A FAMOUS PERSON................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.13 WHAT’S IN YOUR OFFICE?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.14 A TYPICAL MANAGER’S DESK AND A TYPICAL SECRETARY’S DESK............................................................................................................................ 56 | |
| 2.15 MY OFFICE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.16 TWO WORKERS IN AN OFFICE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.17 The Rocks................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.18 THE Secrets of Straight-A Students................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.19 THE HISTORY OF UNIVERSITIES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.20 THE KARELIAN BRANCH OF THE NORTH-WEST ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PETROZAVODSK | |
| 2.21 LAW ACADEMY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.22 LIVING IN The library................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.23 WELCOME TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA LIBRARY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.24 A HOMELY FACE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.25 A helpful directory................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.26 Roses................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.27 the use of pesticides | |
| 2.28 the intruder in the salad................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.29 A British spy................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.30 FLIGHTS AND FARES................................................................................................................................ | |
2.31  Pea-sized universe not so far-fetched................................................................................................................................
| |
| 2.32 Three Young Men, Death and a Bag of Gold................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.33 The Very Fine Clock................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.34 Dog Star................................................................................................................................ | |
| 2.35 Poetry................................................................................................................................ | |
| UNIT 3.Countrystudy................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.1 THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.2 THE QUEEN................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.3 LONDON................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.4 EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.5 THE UNIVERSITIES OF OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.6 J.K. Rowling, the author of Harry Potter................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.7 HallOWEEN................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.8 VALENTINE’S DAY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.9 St. Patrick’s Day................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.10 Why do the British drive on the left?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.11 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.12 WASHINGTON, D.C................................................................................................................................. | |
| 3.13 NEW YORK................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.14 SYMBOLS OF THE USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.15 The system of Government in the USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.16 THE PRESIDENT OF THE USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.17 George Washington................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.18 John Kennedy................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.19 HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.20 CULTURE OF THE UNITED STATES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.21 George Gershwin................................................................................................ | |
| 3.22 HOLLYWOOD AND THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.23 AMERICAN FOOD................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.24 FASHION IN THE USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.25 SPORTS IN THE US................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.26 CANADA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.27 AUSTRALIA and new zealand................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.28 Russia................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.29 rUSSIAN cULTURE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.30 THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.31 Petrozavodsk................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3.32 WE ARE DIFFERENT................................................................................................................................ | |
| Unit 4.Business English................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.1 A New Product IS Introduced................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.2 A Plant in Chicago................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.3 Business with Italy................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.4 “Europa Marketing”................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.5 Mr. Brown’s Firm................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.6 The BP Group................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.7 The Founder of IBM................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.8 LARGO FOODS INVESTS $4M IN NEW PRODUCTION LINE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.9 BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.10 THE TARGET MARKET................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.11 Distribution................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.12 basic terms of delivery................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.13 Trocaire voice concerns for Far East toy makers................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.14 Ratings rising for talk show hosts on Internet................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.15 Someone Somewhere Has You Taped................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.16 THE DEMING GUIDE to QUALITY and COMPETITIVE POSITION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.17 JOB ADS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.18 JOB DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.19 JOB BENEFITS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.20 THE AMERICAN DREAM................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.21 A Day in the Job of Richard Carrick, marketing director of Airtours................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.22 Sleeping at the office on Wall Street................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.23 Make the most of business trips................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.24 How to Behave Appropriately on a Business Trip................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.25 Classic designs with presents in mind................................................................................................................................ | |
| 4.26 Bulletin Board................................................................................................................................ | |
| UNIT 5.Public Administration................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.1THE TERM “PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION”................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.2HISTORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | |
| 5.3DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PRUSSIA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.4DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN FRANCE | |
| 5.5DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.6DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONIN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.7DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.8EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN DEVELOPING NATIONS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.9CLASSICAL PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.10MODERN PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.11IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATIONS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.12INTERNATIONAL INTEREST IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.13CONDITIONS OF SERVICE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.14CIVIL SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.15CIVIL SERVICE IN CANADA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.16CIVIL SERVICE IN BRAZIL................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.17CIVIL SERVICE IN FRANCE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.18CIVIL SERVICE IN GERMANY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.19CIVIL SERVICE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.20CIVIL SERVICE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.21GRADES IN CIVIL SERVICE IN THE UK................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.22THE MANDARINS OF WHITEHALL................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.23VIVIAN BROWN: A BRITISH CIVIL SERVANT................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.24WOMEN IN THE CIVIL SERVICE IN THE UK................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.25SUSAN CLARKE: A GIRL FROM THE TOWN HALL................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.26WHAT IS THE FAST STREAM?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5.27FAST STREAMERS’ PROFILES................................................................................................................................ | |
| UNIT 6.Finance and Credit................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.1 FROM THE HISTORY OF EARLY MATHEMATICS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.2 THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD “MONEY”................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.3 THE HISTORY OF MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.4 ELECTRONIC MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.5 BRITISH MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.6 AMERICAN MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.7 THE EURO................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.8 MONEY COLLECTING................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.9 CONTERFEITING OF MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.10 QUIZ “ARE YOU A SPENDER OR A SAVER?”................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.11 TIPS ON SAVING MONEY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.12 STEPS TO UNLIMITED WEALTH................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.13 MONEY AND HUMOUR................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.14 BANKS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.15 WHAT ARE BANKS FOR?................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.16 BANK ROLE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.17 CENTRAL BANKS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.18 DEMAND GROWS FOR BANKING FROM HOME................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.19 AT THE BANK................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.20GETTING A LOAN................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.21 CREDIT CARD................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.22 FLEXIBLE MORTGAGES................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.23 FUNDRAISING BASICS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.24 A JOB OPENING AT A BANK................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.25 THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN FINLAND................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.26 BENEFITS BETTER, CLAIMS WELFARE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.27 THERE ARE PENSIONS AND THERE ARE EAGLE STAR PENSIONS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.28 PRICE DISCRIMINATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.29 ACT INVESTS IN LONDON COURT................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.30 PRINCESS ATTRACTS INTEREST OF ARCON................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.31 ACCOUNTANCY FIRMS TO MERGE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 6.32 ACCOUNTING................................................................................................................................ | |
| UNIT 7.Law................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.1 The Government and Policy of the Russian Federation................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.2 FROM The Constitution of the Russian Federation | |
| 7.3 The Reform of Local Government in Russia................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.4 Judicial Bodies of the Republic of Karelia................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.5 The Political System of the USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.6 The Separation of Powers in the USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.7 The President of the USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.8 Half a Million Lawyers in the USA................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.9JURY DUTY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.10TRIAL BY JURY................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.11 The Federal Bureau of Investigation................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.12 FBI’S INVESTIGATIONS................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.13 The September 11 Attacks................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.14 INVESTIGATION................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.15 Detectives and their work................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.16 Cross-examination................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.17 Bill Napolitano – A New York City Cop................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.18 Escape plot................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.19 OUTLINES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.20Employment law in england................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.21 Employment................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.22 employment at theRoyal Household................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.23 How companies encourage ethical behavior................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.24 fight against computer hackers................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.25 Types of marriage................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.26 Common-law marriage................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.27 A DREAM HOUSE................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.28REASONS FOR CRIME................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.29 Law Society president wants clarification................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.30 Gift versus Bribe................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.31 GAMBLING................................................................................................................................ | |
| 7.32 A Taste of Democracy................................................................................................................................ | |
| References................................................................................................................................ |
IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS!
Ask yourself this question: “Do I read every word in my own language when I am reading a schedule, summary, or other outlining document?” The answer is most definitely: “No!”
Reading in English is like reading in your native language. This means that it is not always necessary to read and understand each and every word in English. Remember that reading skills in your native language and English are basically the same. Here is a quick overview of the four types of reading skills used in every language:
1) Skimming. It is used to quickly gather the most important information, or “gist.” Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It’s not essential to understand each word when skimming. Examples of skimming:
Ø a newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day),
Ø magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail),
Ø business and travel brochures (quickly to get informed).
2) Scanning. It is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don’t understand, don’t worry when scanning. Examples of scanning:
Ø the “What’s on TV” section of your newspaper,
Ø a train / airplane schedule,
Ø a conference guide.
3) Extensive reading. It is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Don’t worry if you don’t understand each word. Examples of extensive reading:
Ø the latest marketing strategy book;
Ø a novel you read before going to bed;
Ø magazine articles that interest you.
4) Intensive reading. It is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact. Examples of intensive reading:
Ø a bookkeeping report,
Ø an insurance claim,
Ø a contract.
AND NOW – TAKE TIME TO READ!
TABLE OF LEVELS AND TYPES OF READING
| BEGINNERS | INTERMIDIATE | UPPER-INTERMIDIATE | |
| EXTENSIVE READING | 1.8 2.24 2.26 2.32 3.3 3.12 3.17 3.18 3.23 3.28 3.30 4.2 4.3 4.5 5.25 6.26 | 1.5 1.7 1.10 1.11 2.17 2.18 2.33 2.34 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.21 3.24 3.25 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.15 4.16 4.21 4.23 5.24 5.27 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.13 6.24 7.2 7.8 7.13 7.17 7.30 | 1.9 2.19 2.31
2.31 2.35 6.22
6.32 7.12 7.32
|
| INTENSIVE READING | 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.22 2.25 2.29 3.11 3.14 3.15 3.16 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.22 5.23 6.6 6.14 6.19 6.20 6.25 6.27 6.29 6.30 6.31 7.7 7.9 7.28 | 1.15 2.6 2.21 2.23 3.19 3.20 3.29 3.31 4.9 4.10 4.14 4.19 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 6.4 6.17 6.18 6.23 7.1 7.6 7.15 7.16 7.20 7.21 | 2.27 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.20 5.26 7.27 7.29 |
| SCANNING | 2.28 7.5 | 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.20 2.30 3.4 3.8 3.10 3.13 3.26 3.27 3.32 4.17 4.18 4.22 4.24 5.9 5.12 5.21 6.5 6.7 6.16 6.21 7.10 7.11 7.14 7.18 7.23 | 1.12 5.10 7.19 7.31 |
| SKIMMING | 3.9 3.22 4.20 4.25 4.26 5.13 6.8 6.12 7.22 7.24 7.25 7.26 | 1.13 5.11 6.15 6.28 7.3 7.4 |
UNIT 1
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