Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.

Answer the following questions.

1. What are the first mining workings (выработка)?

2. What was their depth?

3. What tools did men use in primitive mining?

4. Why did mining advance slowly?

5. When did mining profession appear?

Match the terms and their definitions.

1. Ore 2. Vein 3. Exploration 4 Mining 5. Prospecting	1. A mineralized zone having a more or less regular development in length, width, and depth to give it a tabular form and commonly inclined at a considerable angle to the horizontal.
2. A mineral deposit that can be worked at a profit under the existing economic conditions.
3. Searching for ore.
4. The work involved in gaining a knowledge of the size, shape, position and value of an ore body.
5. The process of obtaining useful minerals from the earth’s crust which includes both underground excavations and surface workings.

1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:

It is important to say that …

It should be stressed that …

As a matter of fact …

In my opinion …

In other words …

I’d like to say a few words about …

Broadly speaking...

Reproduce the dialogue.

A. Do you know what the origin of the word “mine” is?

B. Sorry, I don’t.

A. Well then, I once happened to read an old book about ancient times and found out that the word “mine” dates back to the 5^th century B.C. In Greece of that time it meant a certain sum of money, and in Rome it was a silver coin of a fixed value. In India and Egypt about 300 years B.C. “mine” also meant money. From the origin of the word one may follow the development of its modern meaning, namely, “a pit for working out some valuable mineral for the benefit of men”. Sure, there is romance in it.

B. I am quite satisfied with your information and in my turn I would like to ask you some questions. How would you translate such an expression used in modern speech: “The novelist has written a little gold mine”?

A. Oh, here it appears to have a figurative meaning, as something exceptionally good.

B. I can tell you another interesting expression: “This man is a mine of knowledge”. Try to find a good Russian translation of these two expressions.

A. I see you are trying to spring a mine on me, but never mind, I’ll find the best possible translation of your expressions.

Unit 2.

2.1. Read and memorize the words.

bore	v	бурить; syn drill
cage	n	клеть
current	n	поток, ток
development	n	изобретение, развитие, подготовительные работы
enterprise	n	предприятие
house	v	вмещать; (they house … – по ним проходят …)
medium	n	среда; а средний
opening	n	входная выработка; syn. entrance
power	n	энергия; v приводить в движение
roadway	n	штрек, отделение (ствола)
seam	n	пласт
siting	n	определение места (для строительства)
surface	n	поверхность
win (won)	v	добывать
wind (wound)	v	поднимать; syn. hoist (груз)

Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.

1. рудник (1) 5. горные предприятия (2)

2. наклонный ствол (1) 6. всестороннее исследование (4)

3. неглубокий пласт (1) 7. вентиляционный поток (2)

4. энергоснабжение (2) 8. подготовительные горные работы (4)

Find pairs of antonyms.

vertical, underground, shallow, flat, deep, surface, success, low, leave, failure, high, enter, usual, correct, opening, unusual, closure, incorrect

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