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Match the words in A with their synonyms in B. Write down your answers.

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  1. A few common expressions are enough for most telephone conversations. Practice these telephone expressions by completing the following dialogues using the words listed below.
  2. A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions.
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  4. A phrase or sentence built by (tiresome) repetition of the same words or sounds.
  5. A Write the questions for the answers below.
  6. A) Consider the synonyms; match words with their definitions.
  7. A) Identify each of the electronic components below and draw their circuit symbol in the space provided.

A B

1. use 1. aim, goal
2. construct 2. demand
3. rigid 3. man-made
4. excavate 4. utilize, apply
5. support 5. build
6. purpose 6. dig
7. shape 7. back up
8. artificial 8. destroy
9. collapse 9. hard
10. require 10. form

 

 

Match the words in A with their opposites in B. Write down the answers.

A B

1. advantage 1. dead
2. soft 2. impossible
3. live 3. disadvantage
4. artificial 4. underground
5. possible 5. creation, generation
6. ground 6. natural
7. collapse 7. hard

Give the definitions matching A with B.

A B

a tunnel shield a tool that can rip through rock with ease
a tunnel boring machine an internal frame, used to support loose earth in a tunnel while digging
a compressed air drill a massive rock-chewing machine designed to carve through rock

1.20. Summarize the text “Tools and Techniques” using expressions (page 67).

Translate one of the following texts in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 20-25 minutes.

Holland Tunnel

Location: New York, New York, and Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
Completion Date: 1927
Cost: $ 48 million

Purpose: Roadway

Setting: Underwater

Materials: Steel, concrete
Engineer(s): Clifford Holland

Holland Tunnel is а twin-tube tunnel under the Hudson River. The tunnel was completed in 1927 and opened for traffic оn November 13 of that year. It was named for Clifford М. Holland, the engineer who designed it. The north tube is 2,608 m long and the south tube 2,551 long. The roadway is 6.1 meters wide. The Holland Tunnel was one of the first major uses of a compressed air chamber for tunnel stability.

This tunnel is considered to be а notable engineering achievement because it solved the problem of ventilating а long vehicular tunnel. Engineer Clifford Holland came up with a brilliantly simple solution – big fans. Inside four massive ventilation buildings on both ends of the tunnel are 84 powerful electric fans that draw fresh air into the tunnel and blow dirty air out. Each fan is 80 feet in diameter.

 

 

Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower

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Читайте в этой же книге: Remember the following words. | Read and choose the proper title to the text given below. | Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary. | Read and choose the proper title to the text given below. | Commercial Explosives | Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. | Read and translate the following word combinations. | Major Types of Tunnels | From the history of tunneling | Milestones in the history of tunneling |
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