Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that best completes the sentence.

THE SKIN SENSES

The skin (1) ________ the largest sense organ, with numerous nerve receptors distributed in varying concentrations throughout its surface. The nerve fibers from these receptors (2) ________ to the brain.

Skin receptors give rise to what (3) ________ as the cutaneous sensations of pressure, temperature, and pain. Research (4) ____________ a simple connection between the various types of receptors and these separate sensations.

Because the brain (5) _________ complex information about the patterns of activity on many different receptors to detect and discriminate among skin sensations, a direct connection between receptors and sensations has so far eluded researches.

1. A. has B. there is C. is D. has been

2. A. travel B. travelling C. are traveling D. traveled

3. A. knows B. has known C. are known D. know

4. A. is establishing B. has established C. has not established D. will establish

5. A. use B. uses C. used D. is used

LANGUAGE IN USE

Use the word given in parentheses to form a word that fits in the numbered space. There is an example at the beginning.

PAIN

People have varying degrees of (o) sensitivity (sense) to pain. The most commonly accepted (1)______ (explain) of pain is the gate control theory which holds that a (2)“______ (neurology) gate” in the spinal cord controls the (3) ______ (transmit) of pain impulses to the brain. Studies of pain relief suggest that the (4) ______(exist) of the placebo effect, which occurs when a pain (5) ______(suffer) feels relief from pain when given a chemically neutral substance but told that it is an (6) _______ (effect) pain reliever.

Group projects

Suggested topics: Color Vision (hue, saturation, and brightness); Color Vision in Other species; Theories of Hearing; Smell and Taste; Kinesthetic and Vestibular Senses; The Skin Senses, etc.

Sites to explore:

http://www.colormatters.com/seecolor.html

http://www.colormatters.com/science.html

http://www.indiana.edu

Chapter 2

PERCEPTION

WARM-UP

There are several ways in which the brain interprets the complex flow of information from the various senses and creates perceptual experiences that go far beyond what is sensed directly.

How do we perceive the world around us?

· Look at the illustrations below. How does our visual system interpret them? With a partner try to explain why the visual system may interpret them the way it does.

a. b.

· Discuss your ideas in a brief plenary.

LISTENING

Pre-listening

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