How much will it be?

In England some shops sell food to people, but do not ask them to pay for the things that day. The shop assistant writes down in his book everything that a family buys. Once a week or once a month he tells the mother or the father of the family how much money they must pay him.

One day a schoolboy came into a grocer’s shop. The grocer knew him and said, “Well, my boy, what does your mother want?”

The boy took a note-book out of his pocket and read:

“One pound of meat.

Two loaves of white bread.

One loaf of brown bread.

Half a pound of butter.

Two pounds of sugar.

A shilling box of sweets.

Two and a half pounds of apples.

Three pounds of potatoes.”

The shop-keeper wrote it all down in his book.

“Is that all?” he said.

“Yes,” said the boy. “How much will that be?”

“That will be nineteen shillings,” answered the shop-keeper.

“Thank you,” said the boy and wrote it down in his note-book.

“Shall I send these things to your mother now?” asked the shop-keeper.

“No,” answered the boy. “Mother does not want any of those things.

That was my homework for tomorrow. Good-bye.”

УРОК 10

Звуки: [iə,ɜ:,ɛə]

Звук [iə]

[iə] – дифтонг. Ядро дифтонга – гласный [i], а скольжение происходит в направлении нейтрального гласного, имеющего оттенок звука [ʌ]. Губы слегка растянуты.

Упражнение №94.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение звука [iə].

ear [iə]	weary ['wiəri]
near [niə]	theatre ['θiətə]
hear [hiə]	theory ['θiəri]
clear [kliə]	really ['riəli]
dear [diə]	nearly ['niəli]
sphere [sfiə]
appear [ə 'piə]

[i:] – [i] - [iə]

feet – fit – fear [fi:t – fit – fiə]

beet – bit – bear [bi:t – bit – biə]

tea – tip – tear [ ti: - tip – tiə]

bead – bid – beard [ bi:d – bid – biəd]

Упражнение №95.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

1. Near and dear

2. To smile through tears

3. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Звук [з:]

При произношении [ з:] вся спинка языка,включая его кончик, равномерно приподнята и лежит максимально плоско в полости рта. Кончик языка касается основания нижних зубов. Напряженные губы слегка растянуты, чуть обнажают зубы. Расстояние между челюстями небольшое.

В русском языке подобного звука нет.

Типичной ошибкой является замена [ з:] русскими гласными [ э] или [о]. Чтобы избежать этих ошибок, нужно следить за тем, чтобы поверхность языка была плоской.

Упражнение №96.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение звука [ з:].

earn [з:n]	fur [fз:]
earth [з: θ]	bur [bз:]
irk [з:k]	sir [sз:]
early [з:li]	her [hз:]
girl [gз:l]	learn [lз:n]
curl [kз:l]	circle [sз:kl]
dirt [dз:t]	turn [tз:n]
verb [vз:b]	third [θз:d]
first [fз:st]	thirty[θз:ti]
church [t∫з:t∫]	Thirteen ['θз: 'ti:n]
German [' ʤз:mən]	term [tз:m]
myrtle [mз:tl]

[e] – [з:] – [o:]

bed – bird – board [bed - bз:d – bo:d]

Ben – burn – born [ben - bз:n – bo:n]

ten – turn – torn [ten - tз:n – to:n]

head – heard – horde [hed - hз:d – ho:d]

[i:] – [з:] – [o:]

sea – sir – saw [si: – sз: – so:]

fee – fir – four [fi: – fз: – fo:]

be – bur – bore [bi: – bз: – bo:]

sheet – shirt – short [∫i:t – ∫з:t – ∫o:t]

Упражнение №97.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

1. First come first served

2. It’s an early bird that catches the worm

3. As is the workman so is the work

[o] – [з:] – [o:] – [зυ]

1. Old birds are not caught with chaff

2. Many words hurt more than swords

3. Birds of a feather flock together

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Сочетание согласного с [r]

Сочетание любого согласного с [r] произносится максимально слитно.

Необходимо следить за тем, чтобы кончик языка не касался альвеол при произношении [r]. В данных сочетаниях оба звука могут влиять на артикуляцию друг друга. Так, если [r] – предшествуют альвеолярные [t] [d] (кончик языка при их произношении находится на альвеолах), они становятся заальвеолярными.

Например, [trein, drai].

Если [r] предшествует глухой согласный, он приглушает начало [r]. Например, [krai, θru:].

Упражнение № 98.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение сочетания согласного с [r].

praise [preiz]	friend [frend]
train [trein]	dress [dres]
dry [drai]	present ['preznt]
true [tru:]	stress [stress]
through [θru:]	practice ['præktis]
crowd [kraud]	tree [tri:]
crew [kru:]	free [fri:]
Christmas ['krisməs]	three [θri:]
group [gru:p]	grass [gra:s]
grow [grou]	brother ['brʌðə]
street [stri:t]	broad [bro:d]
bright [brait]	strong [stroŋ]
brown [braun]	struck [strʌk]
proud [praud]	gray [grei]
green [gri:n]	tram [træm]
pronoun [pro'naun]	comrade ['komrid]
thread [θred]	pray [prei]

Упражнение № 99.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

[pr], [tr], [kr]

1. Prosperity makes friends, and adversity tries them

2. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you

3. Crows don’t pick crows’eyes

[fr] – [str] – [ θ r] – [skr]

1. To throw straws against the wind

2. A friend in need is a friend indeed

3. Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Звук [ ɛə ]

Дифтонг, ядром которого является гласный, похожий на русский [э] в слове это. Скольжение происходит в направлении нейтрального гласного с оттенком звука [ʌ].

Упражнение № 100.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение звука [εə].

air [εə]	fairy [fεəri]
care [kεə]	chair [t∫εə]
where [wεə]	to prepare [tə pri'pεə]
hair [hεə]	parents ['pεərənts]
trere [ðεə]

[e] – [εə] – [æ]

pet – pair – pat [pet - pεə - pæt]

bed – bear – bad [bed - bεə - bæd]

merry – Mary – marry [meri – mεəri – mæri]

[iə] - [εə]

fear –fair [fiə - fεə]

mere – mare [miə - mεə]

dear – dare [diə - dεə]

steer – stair [stiə - stεə]

cheer – chair [t∫iə - t∫εə]

here – hair [hiə - hεə]

Упражнение №101.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

1. Neither here nor there

2. Take care of the minutes and the hours will take care of themselves

3. There and then

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Правила чтения:

er her, verb, term

ir fir, sir, third

[з:] (третий тип слога)

ur fur, turn

yr myrtle

e + er – [iə] (четвертый тип слога) - here, sphere

Исключение: were [wз:]

ea + r – [iə] – clear, near

ear + согласная - [з:] – learn, earth

o + re – [o:] - (четвертый тип слога) - bore, more

re – [ə] – в неударном положении в конце слова – theatre, metre

ph – [f] – в словах греческого происхождения – photo, phonetics

re

a + [εə] (четвертый тип слога)- care, Mary

r +гласная

Исключение: are [a:]

ai +r – [εə] – air, hair

[εə] – bear, wear

ea + r

[iə] – clear, fear

ee + r - [iə] – steer, cheer

or, – ar - [ə] – в конечных безударных слогах – monitor, debtor, actor, collar

Гласный ударного слога в слове читается кратко:

1. В трехсложных словах, где ударение падает на первый слог: family, monitor, faculty, register.

В двухсложных словах с удвоенной корневой буквой r: merry, marry, borrow, narrow, mirror, hurry.

Упражнение №102.

Прочтите следующие слова, объясняя правила, если необходимо.

sore, firm, myrtle, dear, mere, earn, phone, breath, least, thread, captain, wrong, parents, deer, berry, horror, care, bare, pair, debtor, university, bitter, exercises, borrow, clear, rare, fore, curdle, shirt, burn, bore, sphere, dirty, her, hurt, birth, fern, verse, burn, serve, first, fur, chirp, elephant, photo, lorry, letter, sorry, cherry, kitten, witty, fair, share, bread, tree, prince, cry, free, travel, spur, various, heard, learn, bare.

Обобщающее упражнение.

Напишите следующие слова и выражения в транскрипции, обращая внимание на формы служебных слов:

to act, to answer, to part, to miss, an act, the old man, the young girl, to go, to do, a day, an apple, the tree, the orange.

Интонационное упражнение.

Прочтите текстобращая внимание на интонацию.

The word “Sandwich”

The `word “sandwich” is 'found in many languages. It came from the 'name of the Earl of Sandwich, who 'lived in England in the '18th century.

The `Earl of 'Sandwich was rich and he liked to play cards for money. He 'often 'played for 'twenty-four hours a day and 'did not stop to have breakfast, dinner or supper. He `usually told his servant to 'bring him some 'meat and some bread. He 'put the meat between two pieces of bread. Then he held the “sandwich” in his left hand while he' played his 'cards with his' right hand. People who took part in the game, 'liked Sandwich’s idea and it soon became popular to eat bread and meat in this way.

УРОК 11

Буква: Q

Звуки: [oi, uə]

Звук [oi]

Дифтонг, ядром которого является звук [ о], а скольжение происходит в направлении гласного звука [i]. Не следует заменять второй элемент [i] согласным [j], т.е. поднимать среднюю часть языка слишком высоко.

Упражнение № 103.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение звука [oi].

boy [boi]	noise [noiz]
toy [toi]	noisy ['noizi]
voice [voise]	point [point]
boil [boil]	toilet ['toilit]
toiler ['toilə]

[oi] – [o:] – [зυ]

boil – bought – boat [boil – bo:t - b зυ t]

oil – all – old [oil – o:l – зυ ld]

boil – ball – bold [boil – bo:l – b зυ ld]

toil – tall – told [toil – to:l – t зυ ld]

Упражнение № 104.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

1. The voice of one man is the voice of no one

2. Joys shared with others are more enjoyed

3. Choice of the end covers the choice of means

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Звук [ uə ]

Дифтонг, ядром которого является звук [ u], скольжение происходит в направлении гласного звука [ə].

Упражнение №105.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение звука [uq].

poor [puə]	usual ['u:ʒuəl]
sure [∫uə]	curious ['kjuəriəs]
pure [pjuə]	plural ['pluərəl]
cure [kjuə]	cruel [kr uəl]
fuel [fjuəl]	bourgeois ['buəʒwa:]

[u:] – [u] - [uə]

pool – pull – poor [pu:l – pul - puə]

shoot – shook – sure [∫u:t – ∫uk - ∫uə]

Упражнение №106.*

Прослушайте пословицы. Найдите для каждой из них подходящий русский эквивалент.

1. What can’t be cured must be endured

2. Curiosity killed the cat

3. For sure

Отработайте чтение пословиц.

Сочетание с дифтонга с гласным [ə]

Сочетания ['aiə], ['eiə], ['oiə], ['auə], ['ouə] двусложны, так как состоят из дифтонга и гласного звука [ə]. Иногда такие сочетания называются трифтонгами.

Упражнение № 107.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на произношение сочетания дифтонга с гласным [ə].

fire ['faiə]	desire [di 'zaiə]
hire ['haiə]	tired ['taiəd]
iron ['aiən]	tyre ['taiə]
quiet ['kwaiət]	triumph ['traiəmf]
wire ['waiə]	dialogue ['daiəlog]
lion ['laiən]	pioneer [ֽpaiə 'niə]
diagram ['daiəgræm]
power ['pauə]	towel ['tauəl]
flower ['flauə]	vowel ['vauəl]
tower ['tauə]	hour ['auə]

greyer ['greiə]

player ['pleiə]

layer ['leiə]

lower ['louə]	widower ['widouə]
slower ['slouə]	yellower ['jelouə]

Правила чтения:

oy boy, toy

[oi]

oi voice, noise

re [ju ə ] – pure, cure

u +

r + гласная [u ə ] - sure

(четвертый тип слога)

oo + r - [u ə ] poor, moor

Исключения: floor [flo:] door [do:]

I five, desire

+ re – [aiə]

y tyre

ei [i:] после буквы c – ceiling, receive

h – [h] – high, hot, her

Исключения: haur ['auə], honest ['onist], honour ['onə], forehead ['forid]

our – [au ə ] – our, hour

dg – [ ʤ ] – bridge, badge

wor [wз:] – перед согласной – work, worth

Нечитаемая буква b – thumb, dumb, bomb, debtor

ng – [ ŋ ] – на конце слова и перед суффиксами – er, - ing

long, nothing, singer

ng – [ ŋ g] – 1. перед согласными – England, language, angry

2. в степенях сравнения прилагательных - younger

nk

[ŋk] – ink, thank, uncle

Nc

qu – [kw] – quick, question, quite

ar – [o:] – после w, qu – war, quarter

ous [əs] – curious, famous

ance [ ə ns] – annoyance, importance

Безударные ture [t∫ə] – picture, future

Суффиксы (t) ion [∫n] – attention, dictation

[ ∫ n] – expression, impression

(s) ion

[ʒn] – occasion, decision

Упражнение № 108.

Прочтите слова по транскрипции, обращая внимание на правила.

[d] – [ʤ]

[t] – [t∫]

mat – match [mæt – mæt∫]

cat – catch [kæt – kæt∫]

feet – feature [fi:t – 'fi:t∫ə]

Scot – schotch [skot – skot∫]

kid – bridge [kid – briʤ]

clod – lodge [klod – loʤ]

sled – sledge [sled – sleʤ]

lead – liege [li:d – li: ʤ]

bad – badge [bæd – bæʤ]

shal [∫æl]	Russian ['rʌ∫n]
attention [ə'ten∫n]	hush [hʌ∫]
expression [iks 'pre∫n]	short [∫o:t]
dictation [dik'tei∫n]	shirt [∫з:t]
Spanish ['spæni∫]	show [∫зυ]
occasion [ə'kein]	explosion [iks 'plзυʒn]
corrosion [kq'rouʒn]	treasure [treʒə]
think [θiŋk]	English ['iŋgli∫]
thinking [θiŋkiŋ]	finger ['fiŋgə]
thank [θæŋk]	younger ['jʌŋgə]
thanks [θæŋks]	longer ['loŋgə]
ink [iŋk]	stronger ['stroŋgə]
inkpot [iŋkpot]	youngest ['jʌŋgist]
uncle ['ʌŋkl]	language ['læŋgwiʤ]
singer ['siŋə]	ringing ['riŋiŋ]
singing [siŋiŋ]	bringing ['briŋiŋ]

Упражнение №109.

Прочтите слова, объясняя правила.

Boy, boil, pure, picture, worth, coin, poor, mure, door, guit, more, curious, joy, work, our, floor, ceiling, world, word, oil, cure, hour, fuse, toy, due, tune, quest, quite, fair, noise, honour, nature, dictation, station, future, action, physics, leisure, discussion, session, direction, attention.

Обобщающее упражнение № 1.

Напишите слова в транскрипции. Отработайте их чтение.

Wrist, tear, hear, stare, furious, sure, forehead, hours, point, toil, wash, enjoy, spell, turn, come, use, cry, smile, copy, study, walk, lodgings, row, blouse, tyrant, lecture, toilet-table, chalk, lamb, aggression, worthy, bookworm, division, world, found, pillow, whip, judging, lawn, during, allow, punish, gather, hungry, longing, longer, Englishman, thinking, bank-note, quarterly, quickly, quotation, furious, honestly, Zealand, walk.

Обобщающее упражнение №2.

Отработайте чтение следующих слов и выражений, обращая внимание:

а) на произношение множественного числа существительных после th

[θs] – после краткого гласного, согласного и буквы r	[ðz] – после долгого гласного или дифтонга
months [mʌnθs]	paths [pa:ðz]
depths [depθs]	truths [tru:ðz]
births [bз:θs]	baths [ba:ðz]
lengths [leŋθs]
deaths [deθs]

б) на чтение фраз со связующим r

after all, far away, never again, for example, for a moment, near it, father and mother, brother and sister, mother-in-law.

в) на аспирацию или ее отсутствие.

Paul, cloud, skirt, pocket, pear, toothless, stool, poorly, spot, powerful, price, close, cookery, talkative, basket, coins, poverty, palace, tent, pearl, twice, spoil, tale, spoonful.

г) на разные правила чтения.

thirsty, sport, tyre, dare, hate, list, mice, tram, star, sphere, turning, fury, next, fever, serve, fire, myrtle, sky, myth, clock, wore, note, bush, dusty, tube.

д) на чтение не по правилам (проверьте произношение по словарю. Если необходимо).

southern, women, height, wolf, piano, halfpenny, handkerchief, foreign, soldier, bourgeois.

Обобщающее упражнение№3.

Отработайте чтение следующих слов, обращая внимание на произношение гласного в ударном слоге.

а) открытый слог.

bade, hide, tube, pole, be, line, sole, lake, me, tune, fine, home, same, type, tone, mute, sea, zone, Pete, mode, pike, hate, eve, note, fine, student, mile, lane, bone, fee, file, bole, bale, hike, make, see, fame, ride, rose, vase, deem, time, go, stone, snake, rise, feel, by.

б) закрытый слог.

Ben, bad, bin, on, tub, pot, pin, pan, pen, on, tin, dog, nut, log, kin, lad, fed, bed, hat, bit, not, cut, but, soft, kit, hat, fat, let, top, led, mud, fit, Val, met, under, men, sun, tab, lot, bag, set, sat, sit, hot, hit, hat, man.

в) открытый и закрытый слог.

tape, log, take, king, hi, he, can, cut, cute, Peter, cycle, fox, mild, fake, style, lift, table, teem, find, hop, read, meet, late, bind, stable, code, hide, size, hit, title, mind, heat, six, pine, ale, use, us, old, able, till, still, steal, red, bold, rate, bone, got, get, idle, make, open, go, maple, sold, note, left, leave, sea, sell, told, pine, hope, hop, cold, Bible, hate, fame, duty, name, golden, my, say, be, pay, we.

г) 3-й тип слога.

car, cord, bird, her, force, girl, start, harm, serve, skirt, short, large, farm, former, art, fork, border, comer, forty, thirsty, nurse, curtain, certain, sir, fur, barn.

д) 4-й тип слога.

rare, pure, store, mere, admire, spare, cure, more, here, tyre, care, fure, fore, tired, hare, hire, prepare, fire.

е) гласные в четырех типах слога.

made, short, burn, title, aware, far, tirst, cure, bind, sake, lute, wire, black, dare, mere, table, rope, pole, pot, sport, mud, be, mind, sore, hire, here, her, bridge, but, idle, eve, pen, time, thick, kind, bird, more, bad, turn, old, car, lot, tune, pine, sold, verb, send.

Обобщающее упражнение№4.

Отработайте чтение слов.

Peace, pace, piece, pie, pale, pail, pay, pair, pare, peel, peer, pond, pound, bee, beer, boot, boat, board, ball, bawl, boil, me, met, meet, mete, mere, fair, fare, far, fear, fire, fir, fur, few, foot, foam, sow, saw, soap, soar, sore, tea, tear, tired, tyre, tune, tone, torn, tower, toy, deep, deer, dawn, down, net, neat, near, need, niece, law, low, lie, line, sheep, ship, chip, chirp, cheer, cheap, chief, shape, chap, share, car, care, cure, curl, coal, cool, hate, heat, hat, hair, hire, hear, here, her, horn, haul, hull, hurt, how, hue, hew, wave, way, wire, wore, work, width, myth, lute, eve, bridge, child, teach, cure, few, jumper, bee, pure, hair, satire, car, rare, wire, ink, here, dare, burn, tester, aloud, Dutch, far, hire, parents, bold, darling, parrot, aware, more, large, kind, square, pan, singing, verb, nurse, number, cry, six, stir, sane, charm, black, turn, wage, talk, junk, pine, huge, ignorant.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-24