What does this mean for international trade and geopolitics?

One thing that does appear to have changed is the dependence of the US on imported oil. Imports have halved over the past six years and the US is on course for self-sufficiency by the 2030s. This shift in the dependency of the US raises important questions. How sustainable is the current ban of US exports of crude oil when production is soaring and imports are plummeting?

More generally, as the US becomes less dependent on imported oil and the pattern of international trade changes, such that oil increasingly flows from west to east, what significance may this have for future geopolitics?

Difficult questions, yes, but more important than those focused on the here and now.

Ireland’s unemployment rate declined another 0.2% in February, to reach 10.1%, its lowest level since 2009 — the last time the percentage figure was in single digits.

Latest data, published yesterday by the CSO, showed that 4,300 people came off the Live Register last month and back into work, reducing the seasonally adjusted total still on the register to 355,600. The number of long-term unemployed fell from 164,844 in January to 162,776 last month.

The Government said the figures show the economic recovery is improving, with each person returning to employment saving the exchequer roughly €20,000 per year via reduced social welfare payments and increased tax revenue.

It is targeting an unemployment rate of under 10% by the end of this year and so-called “full employment” by the end of 2018. That is taken to mean an unemployment rate of 3%to 5%.

“Assuming the economy continues to grow strongly in 2015, as we expect, an average jobless rate of 9.7% is now envisaged for this year, with the figure likely to be running around the 9% level come December,” said Alan McQuaid, chief economist with Merrion Stockbrokers.

Employment grew 0.5% in the final quarter of 2014 and Davy Stockbrokers said that after this week’s strong exchequer returns and recent strong jobs data from IDA Ireland, “there is no reason to doubt the official unemployment figures”.

However, small firms lobby group Isme has warned “incessant” calls by unions for wage increases risk impeding job creation in the SME sector.

Furthermore, Investec noted a widening in the amount of over-25s to those under that age on the register, suggesting the data remains heavily skewed by a mix of emigration and extended education.

“All in all, this release [yesterday’s CSO statistics] has a sense of deja-vu to it, with the unemployment rate steadily reducing as the economy recovers, but continued indications that not all parts of the labour force are benefiting from this equally,” said chief economist, Philip O’Sullivan.

He said that while the long-term unemployment level is reducing, it remains very high and a concerning issue.

KEYWORDS: Unemployment, Live Register, CSO

The outrage of ordinary Muscovites was sparked by Boris Nemtsov’s assassination on Friday, but many fear apathy will return in the face of a remorseless enemy, says Anna Nemtsova

‘FIRST they shot down a Boeing in Ukraine and we thought nothing could be worse and now this nightmare, also a huge crash for Russia,” Olga Riabova, a designer, insists, sitting round a table with her friends under a crystal chandelier in a glamourous Moscow restaurant. “Nobody should dare to gun down people by the Kremlin wall — this is unacceptable.”

The night Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot, the women and their friends rushed to the murder scene. “We were so furious, ready to begin a Maidan revolution,” Anastasia Kozhayeva, an illustrator, recalls. “Russia is very much ready for a change but Russians grow cold fast. They should be motivated while they are still angry. See, today we are not so ready for the revolution any longer,” she says, laughing bitterly.

The friends wondered if Nemtsov’s murder could wake up Russia; whether the violent interruption of a passionate and bright life could become a turning point for the realisation that violence has reached a boiling point, both in Ukraine and at home.

The women doubted that Nemtsov’s murder would weaken Putin’s power but agreed his death had shaken up the resistance, which from now on would be just growing stronger, they hoped. Nemtsov was “a hot-blooded, sincere guy” says logistics manager Elena Gudatsyrenova, “whose heart hurt for his country, that he loved dearly”.

And the women’s hearts hurt for Nemtsov, a playboy opposition leader, admired for his passionate charisma. They conclude Russia will win its freedom as soon as it grows brave again.

It is an emotional time for the Russian opposition. Whether the Kremlin wants it or not, in the eyes of the public, Nemtsov made it onto the list of “Putin-era assassinated victims”.

“He is just as irreplaceable for our anti-Putin struggle as Anna Politkovskaya was for journalism,” says Vladimir Ryzhkov, a prominent opposition leader.“With Anna passing away, we stopped understanding what was happening in Chechnya and with Boris gone we have lost the key organiser of public rallies, the key co-ordinator. He was able to pass messages between some of our leaders, who cannot stand each other.

“Medvedev wanted us to participate in conducting reforms of Russia, but Putin put an end to all that co-operation.”

Ryzhkov sweeps away all official suspects suggested by investigators, including Islamic and Ukrainian radicals.

“Too many strange accidents happened at the same time: None of three federal security cameras worked on the light pole above the murder scene. I’m inclined to think special services were involved in his murder,” says Ryzhkov. He remembers an episode in August 2014, when some activists hung a big Ukrainian flag on the same bridge. Police detained the pro-Ukrainian protesters within seconds.

Outside the restaurant, a thick crowd of demonstrators marched against fear. An endless stream of people stretched along Moscow river, carrying “I am not scared” signs and “Propaganda kills” posters, alongside thousands of Nemtsov portraits. Most of the thousands of demonstrators who took to the streets the weekend after Nemtsov’s murder came out in revolt against political terror. They were Russia’s intellectuals, members of the artistic or business elite.

If Nemtsov were alive, many of them would have ignored the event. “I am one of the many people who wouldn’t have joined the march that Nemtsov spoke of organising, hours before he was shot,” says Putin’s former adviser and now his critic, Gleb Pavlovsky.

“But his cynical murder is a different cause. This is a historical, crucial moment. Nemtsov wanted it to be the turning point and it has become, but the question is where to — there is no good successor to replace Putin.”

An endless stream of people carrying blue-red-white state flags slowly moved under pale, rainy skies towards the Kremlin. The morning after Nemtsov’s murder, many said they woke up in a different country. The Kremlin wall, usually associated with Lenin’s Mausoleum and the graves of Soviet leaders is now the place where the blood of the most notorious Putin critic was spilled. It was Nemtsov’s dream to return the Russian tricolour to the opposition.

“It always upset him that Putin’s supporters used the flag, that he and other democrat leaders rallied with against communists during [80s reform movement] Perestroika,” says Nemtsov’s closest friend in the opposition, Ilya Yashin. “Borya often repeated: ‘The one who takes the flag carries it. Our job is to make all his dreams come true.’ ”

At the weekend, Olga Bychkova, editor-in-chief of Echo radio in St Petersburg, arrived by train to Moscow to pay tribute to Nemtsov. On reaching Kitai Gorod station, she was amazed to see that the queue to get out of the underground stretched from the train doors to the exit. It reminded her of another sad post-Perestroika event that made a difference in Russian thought: The funeral of a famous Soviet dissident and physicist Andrei Sakharov.

“Walking that day in December 1989 to say goodbye to academic Sakharov, we clearly understood that a certain chapter in the history of our country had ended,” says Bychkova. “Today we say goodbye to Nemtsov and look forward to a new chapter again.”

People agree that the scale of Nemtsov’s courage was underestimated when he was alive and now everyone looks up to the “guy with brass balls”, as one of his old colleagues, Olga Kurnosova, said recently.

Kurnosova, a key organiser of anti-Putin rallies in St Petersburg, recently fled from Russia to Ukraine after unknown people followed her around three apartments that she changed. But not everyone is willing to give up their lives in Russia and run. “We must continue the struggle, as the last thing that Boris would have wanted to see is us giving up the fight,” another opposition leader and economist, Vladimir Milov, said in his video message to the opposition, suggesting that they must regroup and plan new strategies.

Demand for change is voiced not only on the streets of Moscow and in restaurants, but also at the offices of some high-rank state officials. Putin’s friend from his FSB past, Victor Ivanov, complains about the ineffective bureaucratic system after recently having sanctions placed on him by the West.

“We cannot blame America for everything, for our ineffective state system or for corruption,” says Ivanov. “The process of banning the selling of codeine-based drugs in Russian pharmacies required dozens of letters to various institutions. We succeeded but it took months of waiting for answers.

“If we improve our economy and system of management, all countries would want to be our allies.”

Ironically, Russia’s Channel One, which usually ignores the opposition or refers to it as a pro-Western threat of Maidan-type of revolutionaries, not only aired the march for Nemtsov in Moscow, but also recalled all the positive things he did for Russia, as a governor, deputy prime minister, and Duma deputy. And NTV channel cancelled a propagandistic documentary discrediting the opposition. At least for a few days, change visited Russia.

“To make Russia a happy country, as Nemtsov wished, we all have to come out of our inner exile. It is easy to hide behind his back – he had to clean up all our ugliness for us, like an icebreaker,” says Anna Stepanova, head of the Nizhny Novgorod Parnas party branch and Nemtsov’s colleague. “But that’s it, there is no icebreaker left. We have to make the way for our ships ourselves.”

Дата добавления: 2015-07-10