Strategies used to translate allusions

1) Use of a standard translation, if available:

peace be to this house – мир цьому дому;

2) Literal translation (minimum change), without regard to connotative or contextual meaning:

He’s like the hosts of Midian – he prowls and prowls around (Galsworthy) (рядок з вірша Дж. Міла) – […] він, “як полчища мідійців, никає по всіх усюдах” (О. Терех);

3) Providing additional information via footnotes, endnotes, or other explicit explanations that are not included in the

text:

It’s just like the Fratellinis used to be (Hemingway). - Як колись на трюках Фрателліні... (М. Пінчевський).

Dick Stroeve had the passion of Romeo in the body of Sir Toby Belch (Maugham). - У Діка Струве огрядне тіло сера Тобі Белча було вмістилищем юної пристрасті Ромео (О. Жомнір).

4) Replacement by a TL item:

What will Mrs. Grundy say? (Mrs. Grundy – втілення ходячої моралі) – Что скажет Марья Алексеевна? (Грибоєдов «Горе от ума»);

5) Reduction of the allusion to sense by rephrasing:

For your eyes only (назва твору Флемінга про Джеймса Бонда) – таємно, тільки між нами;

At the piano, a fair-haired young Scotsman from the orchestra […] had begun singing in a Danny Deever monotone... (Fitzgerald). - Піаніст оркестру [...], білявий молодий шотландець, заспівав майже на одній ноті... (М. Пінчевський). (Йдеться про вірш Р. Кіплінга „Денні Дівер”, у якому досить проста метрична форма, монотонний ритм, рефрен рядка „Денні Дівера повісять” додають творові ефекту заклинання).

6) Omitting the allusion.

TASK1: Define the sources of the following allusions and explain their meaning, using the WWW (e.g. www.answer.com; www.wordspy. ); find the examples of usage of these allusions in press and translate the found sentences into Ukrainian. Explain the methods you applied for their translation.

1. a little local difficulty

2. paper tiger

3. the buck stops here

4. keep your powder dry

5. to shuffle off this mortal coil

6. Something is rotten in the state of Denmark

7. peace be to this house

8. What will Mrs. Grundy say?

9. For your eyes only

10. be all things to all men

11. the fatted calf

12. Punch-and-Judy politics

13. After us, the deluge

14. Bread and circus

15. Colossus on the feet of clay

16. Divide and rule

17. A dog in the manger

18. Noah’s ark

19. Pandora’s box

20. A Pyrrhic victory

21. To serve God and Mammon

22. To tilt at windmill

23. Babes and sucklings

24. The handwriting on the wall

25. The power that be

26. A house divided

27. Lend me an ear

28. I have a dream

29. Global war on terrorism

30. on a wing and a prayer

Task2: Explain the meanings of the allusive names. Translate them into Ukrainian

1. Moses

2. Job

3. Judas

4. Samsonian

5. The good Samaritan

6. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

7. Scrooge

8. Uriah Heep

9. Babbit

10. Emily Post

11. Rip Van Winkle

Task3. Translate the sentences with allusions. Define the source of the allusion in every sentence and the strategy applied for its translation:

1. Some say debt relief undermines a country's credit worthiness. This is a classic Catch 22 because we know that while countries remain heavily indebted they find it hard to attract investment.

2. …poverty is a hydra. What we need is a Hercules of a solution to cut off as many of its head as possible.

3. If a government can pilot its way to a budget surplus, the economic and political results are very happy, especially for the Left. Our highly political Chancellor has noted and learned; financial Micawberism brings substantial rewards.

4. We celebrate the peaceful transition of power in a democracy; and then we judge how the players perform - how graceful the losers, how gracious the winners, a fierce pageant of patriotism and pride and prejudice all tightly staged on the Capitol.

5. He frequently rails against “Punch-and-Judy politics”, as he did in his Newsweek interview. Better Punch and Judy than no Judy at all.

6. Now Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin has been catapulted from the shadow into the most public of positions: President of all Russia. He is about to inherit constitutional powers akin to a Czar's in what is called an election but amounts to coronation.

7. In his campaign Jones has tried to appeal to every conceivable group of voters; he’ll soon discover that no candidate can be all things to all men.

8. An early poll could easily bring a 200-point fall. We still do not know what Labour would do, whether it would be Beauty or Beast.

9. I know he thinks I’m a bit of a Scrooge and I suppose he is more of a day-to-day man where money is concerned.

10. And so the Mad Hatter Scheme – as it was later to be called – was launched.

11. In former French Africa it was the summerof discontent. One hundred thousand citizens of Chad, led by their president, took to the wind-blown streets of Fort Lamy to protest French involvement in Chad’s internal affairs.

12. … our Prime Minister has blood on his hands. And all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten his little hand. It is the blood of British soldiers sent needlessly to die in southern Iraq.

13. Each of us has a Hobbesian choice concerning Iraq; either we hope for the vindication of Bush’s risky, very possibly reckless policy, or we are in a de facto alliance with the killers of American soldiers and Iraqi civilians.

14. Ecstatic Conservatives cheered at London's City Hall, at the end of a count lasting more than 15 hours, as the man who had been dismissed as the Bertie Wooster of British politics took charge of one of the biggest political offices in Britain.

15. An important part of the answer is that much of our health care spending is devoted to passing the buck.

16. “Given the number of people who have refinanced their homes with floating-rate mortgages the falling dollar is a kind of sword of Damocles, getting closer and closer to their heads,” Mr. Rothkopf said.

17. At a time when millions of Thais are still suffering from the floods, the Cabinet held a secret meeting last week to deliberate on a royal decree to give ousted ex-prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra a pardon. This was part of the shock-and-awe strategy to bring Thaksin back and allow him to regain official control over the country.

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